| gabble | (rave, act/speak
as if mad) dwalmon, wv. 2.; (talk too much) filu-waurdjan, wv. 1. |
| gabbling (n.) | (silly/pointless talk, empty
words) lausa-waurdei, wf.; (foolish talk) dwala-waurdei, wf.; (lots of talk, over-talking)
filu-waurdei, wf. |
| gable | gibla,
wm. |
| gag (v.) | (muzzle, tie
up the mouth) faur-muljan, wv. 1., munth faur-waipjan, wv. 1.; (retch, vomit)
•rupatjan, wv. 1. |
| gain (n.) | (profit)
ga-waurki, faihu-ga-waurki, sn.; (advantage) bota, sf.; "seek gain for oneself,
be selfish" sein ain sokjan, wv. 1. |
| gain (v.) | (acquire)
ga-staldan, sv. VII., ga-aiginon, wv. 2., ga-geigan, wv. 3.; (gain money from,
exploit, defraud) bi-faihon, wv. 2.; (net, trap, catch out) ga-niutan, sv. II.;
(reach, attain) ga-tilon, wv. 2.; (take, get, receive) niman, sv. IV.; (receive)
and-niman, fra-niman, sv. IV.; (get, receive, conceive child, learn, bring along,
take aside) ga-niman, sv. IV. "[get] from" at +dat.; (earn) fair-waurkjan, wv.
1. - fair-waurhta, fair-waurhts; (gain wealth) ga-faihon, wv. 2.; (gain knowledge
of, get to know) ga-kunnan, wv. 3.; "gain victory" ga-jiukan, wv. 3. |
| gainsay | (contradict, dispute, go against)
and-rinnan, sv. V., and-sakan, sv. VI.; (contradict, withstand) and-standan, sv,
VI. |
| gainsayer | and-standands,
m. |
| gallery | (shade/shelter,
arbour, covered walkway, hut/booth) •laubjo, wf. |
| gallows | galga,
wm. |
| gambit | (plot, plotting)
bi-runains, sf.; (trick, trickery) us-wandi, sf.; (plan) ga-rehsns, sf. |
| gaol | karkara, sf. |
| garb
(n.) | (clothing) wasti, ga-feteins, ga-waseins, ga-skadweins,
sf.; wastjos, sf.pl.; (booty, clothing) •rauba, sf.; (jacket, tunic, shirt) paida,
sf.; (cloak, robe, coat) snaga, wm.; "garb oneself in a tunic, put on a tunic"
ga-paidon, wv. 2. |
| garb (v.) | (clothe,
wear) wasjan, wv. 1. +dat./+intsrumental for garment - "what shall we wear" hwe
wasjaima?; "clothe oneself" ga-wasjan sik ("in/with" = dat.) - "we shall clothe
ourselves in the armour of light" ga-wasjam sarwam liuhadis; (put on) at-lagjan,
wv. 1., ana-hamon, ga-hamon, wv. 2. +dat. |
| garden | garda,
wm., •bi-gardjo, wf.; (garden, orchard, vinyard) aurti-gards, sm. (i-stem). |
| gardener | aurtja, wm. |
| garment | (jacket, tunic, shirt) paida, sf.;
(cloak, robe, coat) snaga, wm.; "garments, clothing" wasti, ga-feteins, ga-waseins,
ga-skadweins, sf.; wastjos, sf.pl.; (booty, clothing) •rauba, sf.; "put on a tunic"
ga-paidon, wv. 2. |
| garrulous | un-faurs
(i-stem) (i-stem). |
| gate | dauro,
wf. |
| gather | (TRANS.) "collect"
lisan, ga-lisan, sv. V.; (INTR.) "gather together, congregate" ga-lisan sik, sv.
V., ga-gaggan sik, sv. VII. - ga-iddja, ga-gaggans; ga-lisan sik, sv. V., ga-qiman,
sv. IV., (hurry together / run together) ga-rinnan, sv. III. |
| gauge | (measure)
mitan, sv. V. |
| gaze (v.) | fair-weitjan,
wv. 1. "at" du, or +gen. - "till, as far as" +in +acc.; "watch up to the end of"
fairweitjan in andi +gen. |
| Gehenna | gaiainna,
wm. |
| genealogy | ga-baurthi-waurda,
sn. pl. |
| general (adj.) | (common,
in common) ga-mains (i-stem) - "to" +gen.; "general to all, universal" gamains
allaize. |
| general (n.) | (warlord)
*drauhtins, sm., (duke) •harja-tuga, wm.; "in general, altogether, at all" allis.
|
| generate | (create) ga-skapjan,
sv. VI.; (cause, be the origin of) gansjan, wv. 1.; (make, do, work, generate
an effect/change) taujan, ga-taujan, waurkjan, ga-waurkjan, wv. 1. - waurhta,
waurhts; (engender, plant, procreate) us-satjan, wv. 1.; (produce offspring) bairan,
sv. IV.; (generate growth: leaves, fruit, etc.) keinan, sv. I. (weak past: keinoda);
(forge, produce metalwork, generate effect) ga-smithon, wv. 2.; "generate doubt"
tweifljan, wv. 1.; "generate fear in" thlahsjan, wv. 1. |
| generation | (age,
a particular generation) alds, sf. - "this generation, this present age" so nu
alds; (birth, creation) ga-baurths, sf.; (kin, generation) kuni, sn.; (engendering,
begetting, planting) us-sateins, sf.; (creation, creature) ga-skafts, sf. |
| generosity | (blessing, goodness, generosity)
thiutheins, sf. |
| generously | us
thiutheinai; (gladly, hospitably) latha-leiko. |
| Gentiles | (lit.
'the peoples') thiudos, sf.pl.; "after the manner of the Gentiles" thiudisko.
|
| gentle | (kind) mildeis, friathwa-mildeis,
sels (i-stem); (soft, gentle of mood) muka-moths (gen. -modis); (gentle, meek)
qairrus; (soft, tender) hnasqus, thlaqus; (peaceful) sutis (i-stem); (gentle,
nice, soft) •lintheis; (soft) *leiseis. |
| gentleness | (of
mood) muka-modei, wf.; (kindness) milditha, sf., selei, wf.; (meekness) qairrei,
wf.; (mercy) bleithei, wf. |
| genuine | (pure,
genuine article) pistikeins; (true, factual) sunjeins; (open, honest) un-hindar-weis,
un-liuts; (trustworthy) triggws; (holy, sincere) airkns. |
| genuinely | "genuinely
believe" triggwaba ga-laubjan, wv. 1. |
| get | (GET,
TAKE, RECEIVE) niman, sv. IV.; (RECEIVE) and-niman, fra-niman, sv. IV.; (GET,
RECEIVE, CONCEIVE [CHILD], LEARN, TAKE ALONG, TAKE ASIDE) ga-niman, sv. IV. "from"
at +dat.; (ACQUIRE) ga-staldan, sv. VII., ga-geigan, wv. 3.; (GET TO OWN, ACQUIRE
ADVANTAGE OF) ga-aiginon, wv. 2.; (ACQUIRE, ATTAIN TO) ga-tilon, wv. 2.; (TAKE,
CATCH, HOLD, KEEP) ga-haban, wv. 3.; (CATCH, CATCH OUT, TRAP, NET) ga-niutan,
sv. II.; (CATCH) fahan, sv. VII.; (SEIZE) und-greipan, sv. I.; (GET) *gitan, sv.
V.; (UNDERSTAND) frathjan, sv. VI. +dat.; "GET UP" us-standan, sv. VI.; "GET AWAY
FROM" untha-thliuhan, sv. II. +acc. - "I got away from his clutches" unthathlauh
handuns is; "GET AWAY, FLEE" thliuhan, af-thliuhan, ga-thliuhan, sv. II. "from"
af/faura +dat.; "GET AWAY FROM, AVOID" bi-wandjan, wv. 1.; "GET OFF!, LEAVE US/ME
ALONE" let!, fra-let! |
| getting (n.) | anda-nem,
sn., anda-numts, sf. |
| ghastly | (UNHOLY)
(unholy, sinister, demonic) *un-hulths; (TERRIFYING) *ogjands, *agjands, *thlahsjans,
*us-gaisjands; (fierce, fearsome) *grimms, *in-grimjis; (fierce, BARBARIC) un-mana-riggws;
(UNPLEASANT) (abhorrent, repulsive) anda-sets (i-stem); (terrible, bitter, sour)
•aifrs; (bitter) baitrs; (sharp, severe) *hwass. |
| ghost | (evil
spirit) un-hultho, wf., un-hultha, wm., skohsl, sn., diab(a)ulus, sm.; (spirit)
ahma, wm., *anda, wm.?/sf.?; "the Holy Ghost" ahma sa weiha, wm. |
| ghostly | (unholy, sinister, demonic) *un-hulths.
|
| giant (adj.) | (very big/great,
considerable) abraba mikils; (huge, mighty) #airmans. |
| giant
(n.) | #bards, #thaur, #thauris, sm., #ants, sm. (i-stem).
|
| gift | giba, sf., maithms,
sm. |
| gird | bi-gairdon, wv.
2.; (gird up) uf-gardan, sv. III. |
| girdle | (belt)
gairda, sf. |
| girl | magaths
(magathais), mawi, taleitha, sf., mawilo, wf. |
| girlfriend | *hultho,
wf. |
| give | giban, sv. V.,
fra-giban, sv. V.; (render) and-saljan; "give up, hand over, surrender" af-giban,
sv. V.; "give a sign to" bandwon at-giban, sv. V. "to" +dat.; "give oneself over
to lavisciousness" sik silban aglaitein atgiban; "give to drink" dragkjan, ga-dragkjan,
wv. 1. (acc. for person, dat. for drink); "GIVE AWAY" (an object/person) af-giban,
sv. V.; (possessions) fra-atjan; (reveal information) bandwjan, wv. 1. - "your
accent gives you away" razda theina bandweith thuk; "GIVE UP" af-letan, sv. VII.
+acc. of object given, +dat. of recipient - "he gave up the ghost" aflailot ahman;
"given that, seeing as..." thande. |
| giver | gibands,
m. |
| giving away (n.) | fra-gifts,
sf. |
| glad | hlas (gen. hlasis),
wunands, #fraus (gen. #frawis), *gails, #glaths (gen. gladis); (happy, blessed)
audags, auda-hafts; "to be glad" faginon, wv. 2., sifan, wv. 3.; "be glad about/because
of" faginon +dat., faginon in +dat., faginon in +gen., faginon ana +dat.; "be
glad that/because" faginon thammei, faginon in thammei, sifan ei +subjunctive;
"bring glad tidings" thiuth-spillon, wv. 2. |
| gladden | (make
happy) gailjan, wv. 1.; (amuse) uf-hlohjan, wv. 1. |
| gladder | hlasoza.
|
| gladly | (with pleasure) ga-baurjaba,
us lustum; (voluntarily) swesamma wiljin; (with all one's heart) us saiwalai;
(gladly, generously/hospitably) latha-leiko - (Note: at 2Cor 12,25 gabaurjaba
& lathaleiko are used interchangeably in A & B respectively) - "but I gladly spend
and am spent for the sake of your souls" aththan ik lathaleiko fraqima jah fraqimada
faur saiwalos izwaros; (gladly, easily) azetaba - "you should suffer fools gladly"
azetaba us-thulaith thans un-witans. |
| gladness | audagei,
wf., hlasei, wf., faheths, sf. (gen. fahedais), *%wunja, sf.; (rejoicing, exaltation)
swegnitha, swignitha, sf. |
| glass | (substance)
!glas, sn. (gen. !glasis); (cup) stikls, sm.; "a cup of cold water" stikls kaldis
watins. |
| glaze (n.) | •smalts,
sm. |
| gleam (n.) | *glitmuni,
sf. |
| gleam (v.) | glitmunjan,
wv. 1. |
| glint (n.) | *glitmuni,
sf. |
| glint (v.) | glitmunjan,
wv. 1. |
| glisten (v.) | glitminjan,
wv. 1. |
| glisten(ing) (n.) | *glitmini,
sf. |
| glitter (v.) | glitmunjan,
wv. 1. |
| gloomy | (sad, sullen)
gaurs; (woeful, wretched, sad, pathetic) wainahs; (unhappy, discontented) un-wunands;
"to be(come) gloomy" ga-hnipnan, ga-drobnan, wv. 4. |
| gloss
(n.) | (meaning, significance, importance, marginal note) wulthrs,
sf. |
| glorify | ga-sweran, wv.
3., hauhjan, us-hauhjan, mikiljan, wv. 1. |
| glorious | wulthags;
(victorius, triumphant) hrotheigs. |
| glory | (splendour)
wulthus, sm.; (exaltedness) hauhitha, sf.; (honour) *swerei, wf., sweritha, sf.;
(boast, fame) hwoftuli, sf.; (fame) *merei, wf., #hroms, sm.; (triumph) *hroth,
sn.; (renown, report, fame) meritha, sf.; "seek glory for one's self" hauhitha
seina sokjan, wv. 1. |
| glove | •glofa,
wm. (From: •ga-lofa). |
| glow (n.) | (gleam,
glint) *glitmuni, sf. |
| glow (v.) | (shine)
skeinan, sv. I., liuhtjan, wv. 1; (shine round) bi-skeinan, sv. I.; (gleam, glitter)
glitmunjan, wv. 1. |
| glum | (sad,
sullen) gaurs; (woeful, wretched, sad, pathetic) wainahs; (unhappy, discontented)
un-wunands; "to be(come) glum" ga-hnipnan, wv. 4. |
| glutton | af-etja,
wm. |
| gnash | kriustan, wv.
2. |
| gnashing | krusts, sm.
(i-stem). |
| go | (go [to, into,
etc.], depart) ga-leithan, sv. I.; (go, walk) gaggan, sv. VII. - iddja, gaggans;
(go, walk, go along) skewjan, wv. 1.; (go, come, approach, enter) at-gaggan, sv.
VII.; (go TOWARDS) du-at-gaggan, sv. VII.; (go AWAY, depart) leithan, af-leithan,
af-leithan aljath, ga-leithan, sv. I., af-gaggan, sv. VII.; af-standan, sv. VI.,
us-hafjan sik, sv. VI., af-giban sik, sv. V.; (go away, cease/desist) af-linnan,
sv. III.; (THROUGH) thairh-gaggan, sv. VII., thairh-leithan, sv. I.; (ABOUT, travel,
journey) faran, sv. VI, wraton, wv. 2.; (TRAVEL BY BOAT) farjan, wv. 1.; "go about"
hwarbon, wv. 2.; "go about, lead about" bi-tiuhan, sv. II.; "GO FORTH, come, set
out, rise, arise, spring up" ur-rinnan, sv. III.; "sink/go DOWN" sigqan, sv. III.;
"go BEFORE, go on ahead, pass, precede" faur-bi-gaggan, sv. VII.; "precede, go
on ahead" faur-sniwan, sv. V.; "go AFTER, follow" afar-gaggan, sv. VII.; "GO IN,
ENTER" inn gaggan, inn at-gaggan sv. VII.; "go OUT/AWAY" us-gaggan, ut us-gaggan,
sv. VII.; (GO AWAY, go out, depart, vanish) us-leithan, sv. I.; (go OVER, pass
over) ufar-leithan, sv. I. |
| goad (n.) | qairu,
sn., hnutho, wf., *spaura, wm. |
| goad (v.) | (provoke
to anger) gramjan, in-gramjan, wv. 1.; (persuade, entice) ga-hwatjan, wv. 1. |
| goal | (target) mundrei, wf. - "press
towards the goal" bi mundrein afar-gaggan, sv. VII. - afar-iddja, afar-gaggans.
|
| goat | (she-goat) gaits, f.
(feminine consonant stem in OE and ON); *hoka, sf.; (he-goat) •bukks, sm.; "kid,
young goat" gaitein, sn. |
| goat's (adj.) | gaiteins.
|
| gob (n.) | (mouth, muzzle)
*mul, sn.; (spittle) spaiskuldr, sn. |
| gob (v.) | (spit)
speiwan, sv. I. |
| gobble up | fra-itan,
sv, V. (Past: fret, fretum, fritans). |
| gobsmacked | "be
gobsmacked/dumbfounded" af-slauthnan, wv. 4. |
| God
(monotheistic) | guth, sm. (gen. gudis); "for God's sake, in
God's name" bi guda. |
| god (polytheistic) | guth,
sn. (gen. gudis), ansus, sm. |
| god-fearing | guda-faurhts.
|
| godless | af-guths (gen. af-gudis),
guda-laus. |
| godlessness | af-gudei,
wf. |
| godliness | ga-gudei,
wf. |
| godly | ga-guths (gen.
ga-gudis), guda-faurhts. |
| gold | gulth,
sn. |
| golden | gultheins. |
| Golgotha | Gaulgautha, sf? |
| gong | (cymbal) klismo, wf. |
| good (adj.) | goths (godis); (blessed,
lucky) audags; (blessed, holy) thiuths, thiutheigs; (holy) weihs, hailags, airkns;
(consciencious) anda-thahts, *miss-wiss; (fit, suitable, appropriate) ga-dofs
(i-stem, gen. ga-dobis), tils, ga-tils, fagrs, wairths; (well-behaved) ga-faurs
(i-stem); (just, righteous) ga-raihts; (kind) mildeis, milik-mildeis, sels (i-stem);
(kind, merciful) bleiths (i-stem, gen. bleithis), arma-hairts; (innocent, simple)
ain-falths; "good news" thiuth-spill, sn. - "to bring good news" thiuth-spillon,
wv. 2.; "as good as never, hardly ever" halis-aiw; "to do good" thiuth taujan,
waila taujan, thata godo taujan, wv. I., thiuth waurkjan, wv. 1. "towards" withra
+acc.; "is it good/right/correct" skuldu ist?; "it is not good/right to take the
children's bread" ni goth is niman hlaif barne; "in one's own good time" mela
swesamma; "it seemed [a] good [idea] to me too that I should write to you" galeikaida
jah mis thus meljan. |
| good (n.) | thata
godo, wn.; (opposite of evil, a good thing) thiuth, sn.; (goodness, kindness)
*selei, wf.; (kindness, mercy) bleithei, wf.; (goodness) thiuthei, wf.; (blessing,
goodness, generosity) thiutheins, sf.; (conscience) mith-wissei, wf.; "to do good"
thiuth taujan, thata godo taujan, wv. I.; (of THING) "do/be any good, be good
for, be of use" botjan, wv. 1, dugan, pp. - daug, dugum, dauhta; "it does me no
good" ni waihts botos mis tawjith. |
| good time,
have a | (celebrate, party, feast) bi-wisan, sv. V. |
| goodbye | "say goodbye to L 9,61, greet
L 8,19" and-qithan, sv. V. +dat. |
| goodness | godei,
wf.; (kindness) *selei, milditha, bleithei; (of disposition, innocence) ain-falthei,
wf.; (blessedness) thiuth, sn., audagei, wf.; (holiness) weihitha, airknitha,
sf. |
| goods | aigin, sn, aihts,
sf. |
| goose | •gansus, sf. (The
regular form would have been: •gans, f. (gen. •gans), but perhaps it was shifted
to the u-declension, like fotus? Otherwise it would be almost indeclinable. Cf.
Spanish ganso.); "wild goose" •ganta, sf. |
| gorgious | (beautiful)
skauns; (glorious) wulthags. |
| gospel | aiwaggeljo.
|
| gossip (n.) | bi-rodeins,
sf. |
| gossip (v.) | "to gossip
about" bi-rodjan bi, wv. 1. +acc. |
| gossipy | (indiscreet)
un-faurs (i-stem). |
| Goth | guta,
wm., #guto, wf.; (the Goths, Gothic people/nation) gut-thiuda, sf. |
| Gothic | *gut(an)isks; (language), *gut(an)isko,
wf., *gut-razda, *gut(an)iska/gutane razda, sf. |
| govern | fraujinon
+dat., ga-fraujinon +dat., raginon +dat., reikinon, wv. 2. +dat., waldan +dat.,
ga-waldan, sv. VII. +dat., faura-standan, sv. V. |
| government | (state,
authorities) reiki, sn. |
| governor |
kindins, sm., faura-mathleis, faur-stasseis, sm.; (councellor,
governor) ragineis, sm.; (lord, master) frauja, wm.; (master, ruler, director)
fraujinonds, *waldands, m. |
| governorship | faura-mathli,
*ragini, sn. |
| grab | (catch,
seize) fahan, ga-fahan, sv. VII, greipan, fair-greipan, und-greipan, sv. I.; (with
net, trap, catch out) ga-niutan, sv. II.; (hold, take) ga-haban, wv. 3.; (seize,
plunder, rob) wilwan, sv. III.; (carry off) fra-wilwan, sv. III.; (snatch) *taskon,
wv. 2.; (make off with) bi-niman, sv. IV.; (snatch) •rapon, wv. 2. |
| grace | ansts, sf. |
| gracious | ansteigs,
hulths. |
| grade | (step, degree)
griths, sf. (gen. gridais). |
| graft (v.) | in-trusgjan,
wv. 1. - "graft onto" intrusgjan in +acc. |
| grand | (big,
great) mikils; (great) #airmans; (powerful, important) reikeis; (foremost) frumists;
"grand/chief men" thai frumistans, wm. adj. pl.; (splendid) wulthags. |
| grandness | (greatness, immensity) mikilei,
wf.; (glory, splendour) wulthus, sm. |
| granddad | *awa,
sm. |
| grandfather | *awa, wm.
|
| grandma | awo, wf. |
| grandmother | awo, wf. |
| grandpa | *awa, wm. |
| grant
(v.) | (give) fra-giban, sv. V.; (provide) und-redan, sv. VII.
+acc. for thing provided. |
| granted | (admittedly,
however) swe-thauh. |
| grape | weina-basi,
sn.; (bunch of grapes?) •thrubilo, wf. |
| grasp
(n.) | (physical) *fah, sn.; (knowledge, recognition of facts)
uf-kunthi, sn.; (perception, viewpoint, attitude) frathi, sn. |
| grasp (v.) | (HOLD) haldan, sv. VII.; (TAKE/CAPTURE,
HOLD/KEEP) ga-haban, wv. 3.; (SEIZE) fahan, ga-fahan, sv. VII., greipan, fair-greipan,
und-greipan, sv. I., •harpon, wv. 2.; (UNDERSTAND rationally) frathjan, sv. VI.
+dat.; (KNOW, be familiar with) *leisan, pp. - lais, *lisum, *lissa; (be acquainted
with, know, understand) kunnan, pp. - kann, kunnum, kuntha; (LEARN, grasp, find
out) finthan, sv. III.; (REALISE) ga-kunnan, wv. 3., uf-kunnan, (present as wv.
3., pret. almost always strong: uf-kuntha, but one example each of weak pret.
and past part.: uf-kunnaida, uf-kunnaidai). |
| grass | hawi,
sn.; (grass, blade of grass, vegetable) gras, sn. (gen. grasis). |
| grasshopper | (locust) thramstei, wf. |
| grate (v.) | (teeth) kriustan, wv. 2.
|
| gratitude | (thanks) awiliuth,
sn. (gen. awiliudis). |
| grave (adj.) | (sad)
gaurs; (serious, sober, alert) in-ahs. |
| grave
(n.) | aurahi, sf., aurahjo, wf., *nawistr, sn., hlaiw, sn.
(sg. only); "graves" hlaiwasnos, sf. (pl. only). |
| gravel | (grit,
sand, gravel) #griut, sn. |
| graven | (drawn,
carved, fashioned as an image) ga-fri-sahtiths. |
| gravity | (sobriety,
self-possession) in-ahei, wf.; (weight) (weight, burden) kauritha, sf., kaurei,
wf.; (sadness) gauritha, sf. |
| grazing | "grazing
meadow" winja, sf. |
| grease | smairthr,
sn. |
| great | (large, great)
mikils; "great things, greatness" mikilei, sf.; (extreme) abrs; (powerful, able,
possible) mahteigs; (great) #airmans; (powerful, important) reikeis; "great/chief
men" thai frumistans, wm. adj. pl.; "the great/mighty one" sa mahteiga; (great
number) manags; (great-seeming, supposedly great) mikil-thuhts; "become great/enlarged"
mikilnan, wv. 4.; "make great" mikiljan, wv. 1.; "as great as" swa-lauths (gen.
swa-laudis); "how great" hwe-lauths (gen. hwe-laudis); "as great a number as"
swa manags swe; "as great an amount as" swa filu swe; "the greater part, the majority"
thos managistons, wf.pl., thai managistans, wm.pl. (masculine also used as a default
for mixed group) "of" +gen.; "very many people" manageins filu, wf.gen.sg.; "greatly,
a great deal" ufarassau. |
| greater | maiza.
|
| greatest | maists, frumists.
|
| greatly | (very) abraba, mikilaba;
(a great deal) ufarassau. |
| greatness | (magnitude)
mikil-duths, sf. (gen. -duthais); (immensity, majesty, great things) mikilei,
wf. |
| greed | *frikei, faihu-frikei,
faihu-geiro, faiho-gairnei, bi-faiho, wf. |
| greedy | *friks;
(for wealth & possessions) aglait-ga-stalds, faihu-gairns, *faihu-friks; (self-seeking)
seina-gairns. |
| Greek (man) | kreks,
sm. |
| green | !groneis. |
| greenery | lauf, sn. (collective neuter
variant of laufs, sm.). |
| greens | (vegetables)
gras, sn. (gen. grasis). |
| greet | goljan,
wv. 1.; "say hello/farewell to" and-qithan, sv. V. +dat. |
| greeting | goleins,
sf. |
| grey | •grews; #hasus;
(pale, pale yellowish-grey) •falws; "old and grey" •greiseis. |
| grief | gauritha, saurga, sf., gaunothus,
sm., gaurei, wf.; (pain, grief) sair, sn.; (sadness, regret) trigo, wf.; (grief,
anger) •grama, wm. |
| grievance | (charge,
cause for accusation) fairina, sf. |
| grieve | (INTR.)
(be sad) ga-hnipnan, wv. 4.; (mourn) gaunon, wv. 2.; (weep) gretan, sv. VII.,
(weep, mourn) hiufan, sv. II., qainon, wv. 2.; (sorrow, worry) saurgan, wv. 3.;
(lament) *flokan, sv. VII., •wainjan, wv. 1., •wainon, wv. 2.; (grieve aloud)
wai-fairhwjan, wv. 1.; (TRANS.) (agrieve) gaurjan, wv. 1. |
| grim | (fierce)
•grimms. |
| grimace (v.) | ?*mimpan,
sv. III. (cf. bi-mampjan 'mock' & English mump, originally 'grimace'). |
| grind | malan, sv. VI.; (one's teeth)
kriustan, sv. II.; (crush, chew up) ga-kruton, wv. 2.; (pulverise, grind to dust)
ga-malwjan, wv. 1.; (pound in mortar) •stampon, wv, 2; "grind down, wear out mentally"
us-grudjan, wv. 1. |
| grip (n.) | (claw,
talon) •rampa, sf. |
| grip (v.) | (grasp,
seize) greipan, sv. I., *harpon, wv. 2.; (of emotion/fear, etc. - to grip/seize)
dis-haban, wv. 3., dis-sitan, sv. V. - "and then they were gripped by trembling
and amazement" diz-uh-than-sat ijos reiro jah us-filmei. |
| grit | (sand,
grit, gravel) #griut, sn. |
| groats | •gruts,
sm. |
| groom (n.) | (for horses)
•marha-skalks, sm.; (bridegroom) bruth-faths, sm. (i-stem, gen. bruth-fadis).
|
| ground (adj.) | (ground up,
pulverised) malans, *grinds; fig. "ground down" (crushed in spirit, afraid) grinda-frathjis;
(worn down mentally) us-grudja, w.adj.; (exhausted, stressed) (stressed) af-dauiths.
|
| ground (n.) | (earth) airtha,
sf.; (base, foundation) *grundus, sm.; (thing, affair, reason) waihts, sf. (usually,
but acc.pl. waihts also found, Sk 2,c) - "for that reason, on those grounds" in
thizos waihtais, in this, du-the; (cause/grounds for accusation/blame) fairina,
sf.; (excuse) inilo, wf.; "offer as grounds/excuse" *inilon, wv. 2.; (opportunity)
til, sn. - "that they might find suitable grounds/opportunity to accuse him" ei
bigeteina til du wrohjan ina. |
| ground (v.) | (lay
a foundation) ga-suljan, wv. 1. |
| group (n.) | (crowd,
company, band of people) hansa, sf.; (crowd, group, heap) hiuhma, wm.; (group/troop
of soldiers) •skara, sf., *drauhts, sf.; "group/troop leader" •skarja, wm. |
| grow | (increase or grow physically)
alan, wahsjan, sv. VI.; (greatly increase) ufar-wahsjan, wv. VI.; "grow up" (to
adulthood) us-wahsjan, sv. VI.; (increase generally) aukan, ga-aukan, sv. VII.,
auknan, bi-auknan, wv. 4.; (sprout up) liudan, sv. II., keinan, us-keinan, sv.
I. - keinoda, kijans; (grow in number, abound) managnan, wv. 4. |
| grown-up | us-wahsans. |
| growth | us-wahsts,
sf.; (size) wahstus, sm.; "he was a short man" wahstau leitils was. |
| grudge | "bear a grudge against" neiwan,
sv. I. +dat. |
| grudgingly | us
trigon. |
| grumpy | (cross) modags,
thwairhs; (morose, mouldy) mudweins. |
| guard (n.) | wardja,
wm., *wards, sm., *warda, sf.; "heed, be on one's guard against" at-saihwan, sv.
III. +gen. or at-saihwan faura +dat. |
| guard (v.) | (keep
watch on, observe lit. or fig.) witan, wv. 3. +dat. |
| guard
at door | daura-wards, sm. |
| guardian | wardjo,
wf. |
| guess (n.) | (opinion,
estimation) ragin, sn. |
| guess (v.) | (reckon,
adjudge, value) rahnjan, wv. 1.; (imagine, assume) ahjan, wv. 1.; (expect, suppose)
ga-wenjan, wv. 1. +acc. - "him, I guess" thana gawenja. |
| guest | (or
stranger) gasts, sm. (i-stem); "stay as guest; offer as sacrifice" saljan, wv.
1.; (come to say as guest) us-saljan, wv. 1. |
| guide
(n.) | •weita, wm. |
| guide (v.) | •weiton,
wv. 2.; (lead, draw, guide) tiuhan, sv. II. |
| guile | lists,
sf., hindar-weisei, filu-deisei, wf.; (slyness, caution) warei, wf. |
| guilt | (blame, accusation, charge) fairina,
sf.; (shame) aiwiski, sn. skanda, *skama, sf.; (dishonour, disgrace) un-swerei,
wf.; "feel guilty/ashamed" skaman sik, wv. 3. |
| guilty | (owing,
in debt, guilty) skula, w.adj.; "he is guilty of everlasting sin" skula ist aiweinaizos
frawaurhtais; (guilty, reprehensible) *fairina, w.adj., *ga-fairinoths, *wahs;
(tarnished, stained) ga-wamms; (notorious) ga-tarhiths; (worthy of shame, disgraceful)
agls, *aiwisks; "guilty person, culprit" *dedja, *taujands, *tojis. |
| guise | (form, likeness) ga-leiki; "human
guise" *mana-huli, sn. |
| gum | (gum,
palate) •goma, wm. |
| gut (n.) | (belly)
•buks, sm., •mauko, wf., wamba, sf.; (innards, viscera, fig: 'heart') hairthra,
sn.pl. |
| guzzle (v.) | (swig,
booze) •supan, wv. 2. |
| habit | (custom,
practise, usage) sidus, sm., bi-uhti, sn.; "make a habit of" haftjan sik, filu
haftjan, wv. 1. +dat./inf. - "making a habit of praying" bidjai haftjandans; "not
making a habit of wine" ni weina filu haftjandans. |
| habitat | (home,
homeland, native habitat) •arthus, sm. |
| habitation | (a
dwelling) bauains, *dauka, •baggwitha, sf. |
| hackle | •hakila,
sf. |
| hail (weather) | %hagl,
sn. |
| hail! (greeting, toast, salute) | hails!
|
| hair | (hair, a hair) tagl,
sn.; (head hair) skuft, sn. |
| hale (healthy) | hails,
ga-hails; (strong, sound) swinths. |
| half (adj.) | halbs;
"half of what I own" halbata aiginis meinis; "up to as much as half my kingdom"
und halba thiudangardja meina. |
| half (n.) | (half,
side, aspect) halba, sf.; "half of what I own" halbata aiginis meinis; "up to
as much as half my kingdom" und halba thiudangardja meina; (share) hlauts, sm.;
(share, fragment) dails, sf.; (fragment) ga-bruka, sf. |
| half
(v.) | (divide) skaidan, sv. VII.; (share) dailjan, dis-dailjan,
fra-dailjan, wv. 1. |
| half-blind | haihs.
|
| hall | (mansion, lodging)
salithwos, sf.pl.; (hall) #*sals, sm. (i-stem: cf. PNs Salamirus, Salamundus,
Salia, Salla, though originally neut. s-stem *salis, like hatis (see Campbell
610.6 & 636: OE salor, sele)). |
| hallow | weihan,
wv. 3.; "be hallowed" heihnan, wv. 4. |
| halt (adj.) | (lame)
halts. |
| halt (v.) | hweilan,
ga-hweilan, sv. I. |
| halt (v.) | (INTR.)
(cease) sweiban, sv. I.; (end, finish, be done) andjan, ga-andjan, wv. 1.; (pause,
cease) hweilan, ga-hweilan, sv. I.; (come to standstill, continue standing still/firm,
abide, remain in place/condition) ga-standan, sv. VI.; (TRANS.) (bring to a halt)
•stadjan, wv. 1.; (hamper, delay) latjan, ana-latjan, wv. 1.; (forbid, block,
restrain, prevent) warjan, wv. 1.; (halt a flow, dam up) faur-dammjan, wv. 1.
|
| hamper (v.) | (impede) ana-latjan,
wv. 1.; (block, dam up) faur-dammjan, wv. 1.; (limit, restrict) ga-aggwjan, wv.
1.; (irk, trip, hinder) marzjan, wv. 1.; (restrain, forbid) warjan, wv. 1. |
| hand down/on (as tradition) | ana-filhan,
sv. III. |
| hand out | (give
out, pay up, repay, show) us-giban, sv. V. |
| hand | handus,
sf.; "BE CLOSE AT HAND" at-wisan, irreg.; "ONE-HANDED" hamfs; "ON THE ONE HAND"
raihtis... (with 'raihtis' following the first word, or two, of the clause); "from
the soul, on the one hand, and the other the body" us saiwala raihtis jah leika;
"SHAKE HANDS" taihswon at-giban, sv. V. "with" +dat. |
| hand-made | *handu-waurhts;
"not made by hands" un-handu-waurhts. |
| handmaid | thiwi,
sf. |
| hang | hahan, sv. VII.;
"hang oneself" us-hahan sik; (hang downwards, droop) *hneipan, sv. I. |
| hanker after | gairnjan, wv. 1. +gen.,
luston, wv. 2. +gen. |
| hankering (n.) | (wish)
lustus, sm.; (desire) gairnei, wf.; (lust) winno, wf., winna, sf.; (hope) wens,
sf. |
| happen | wairthan, sv.
III.; (beseem, happen, befall) ga-daban, sv. VI.; (collect, come to pass) ga-gaggan,
sv. VII. - ga-iddja, ga-gaggans. |
| happening | (event,
thing that has happened) waurthano, sn. |
| happier | hlasoza.
|
| happiness | audagei, wf.,
hlasei, wf., faheths, sf. (gen. fahedais), *%wunja, sf.; (rejoicing, exaltation)
swegnitha, swignitha, sf. |
| happy | (CHEERFUL)
hlas (gen. hlasis), wunands, *fahs, #fraus (gen. #frawis), *gails, #glaths (gen.
#gladis), ga-wizneigs; "to be happy" wunan, wv. 3., faginon, wv. 2., sifan, wv.
3.; "be happy about/because of" faginon +dat., faginon in +dat., faginon in +gen.,
faginon ana +dat.; "be happy that/because" faginon thammei, faginon in thammei,
sifan ei +subjunctive; "bring glad tidings" thiuth-spillon, wv. 2.; "make happy,
please" *fahjan, fulla-fahjan, wv. 1.; "amuse" uf-hlohjan, wv. 1.; (BLESSED) audags,
auda-hafts; "consider blessed, call happy" audagjan, wv. 1. |
| happily | (with
pleasure) ga-baurjaba, us lustum; (voluntarily) swesamma wiljin; (with all one's
heart) us saiwalai; (gladly, generously/hospitably) latha-leiko; (gladly, easily)
azetaba - "you should suffer fools gladly" azetaba us-thulaith thans un-witans.
|
| hard | hardus; "harder" hardiza;
(difficult, trying) aglus; "how hard/difficult!" hwaiwa agluba!; (harsh) *hwass;
(implacable) un-hunslags; (diligently, zealously, making an effort) us-daudo;
"try hard, endeavour" us-daudjan, wv. 1.; "hard of hearing, deaf, insensitive"
daufs (gen. daubis); "hard to explain, inexpressible" un-us-spilloths; "hard to
trust, unreliable" un-triggws; "hard to fathom" un-bi-laistiths, un-fair-laistiths;
"hard to reach/approach, inaccessible" un-at-gahts. |
| harden | (TRANS.)
(Also fig.: cause a person's attitide to harden) hardjan, wv. 1.; (make deaf/numb/stubborn)
ga-daubjan, wv. 1.; (INTR.) (harden in attitude, become deaf/insensitive) af-daubnan,
wv. 4. |
| hardened | (of person:
stubborn, deaf to idea/plea) daufs (gen. daubis). |
| harder | hardiza.
|
| hard-heartedness | (stubbornness,
deafness) daubitha, sf., daubei, wf. |
| hard-heartedness | hardu-hairtei,
wf. |
| hardly | (barely) *halis;
"hardly ever" halis-aiw. |
| hardship | (trouble,
distress) aglo, wf., aglitha, aggwitha, sf., threihsl, sn.; (toil, distress) arbaiths,
sf. (gen. arbaidais). |
| hare | #hasa,
wm. (cf. #hasus 'grey'). |
| harken | (hear,
listen to) hausjan, ga-hausjan, wv. 1. +acc. or +dat.; (heed: e.g. prayers) and-hausjan,
wv. 1. +dat. |
| harlot | kalkjo,
wf. |
| harm (n.) | skathis, sn.
|
| harm (v.) | (harm, damage)
skathjan, ga-skathjan, sv. VI., *sleithjan, ga-sleithjan, wv. 1.; (victimise,
slander) holon, wv. 2.; (do violence, damage, injure, revile) ana-mahtjan, wv.
1.; (harm, injure, vex) agljan, wv. 1. +dat.; (injure, wound) ga-wundon, wv. 2.,
wundans briggan, sv. III. - brahta, brahts; "to injure in the head" haubith wundan
briggan; "to be/get injured", "injure oneself" ga-sleithjan sik, wv. 1. |
| harmful | skathuls. |
| harp | •harpo,
wf. |
| harass | (threaten, bother)
us-thriutan, sv. II. +dat.; (stress out) af-dojan, us-agljan, wv. 1. |
| harsh | hardus, hwass. |
| harshly | harduba. |
| harvest
(n.) | (summer) asans, sf. |
| harvest
(v.) | (reap) sneithan, sv. I.; (gather in) lisan, sv. V. |
| hasten | sniwan, sv. V., sniumjan, wv.
1.; (run, hasten) rinnan, sv. III; "to rush violently" run ga-waurkjan sis - ga-waurhta,
ga-waurhts; "hasten towards" du-at-sniwan, sv. V.; "hasten together" ga-rinnan,
sv. III.; "precede, hasten before" faur-sniwan, sv. V.; "hasten past" faur-bi-sniwan,
bi-sniwan faur, sv. V. +acc. |
| hat | (cap)
•mutjo, wf. (cf. MnE amice 'pilgrim's hood' [not priest's amice which is from
L] < OFr aumuce < Sp almucio, Port murça; & cf. NHG mütze which according to Skeat
might be original or < Late L < Sp). |
| hatch (n.) | (trapdoor)
•skutila, wm. (cf. MnE scuttle < Sp escotilla). |
| hate
(n.) | fijathwa, fiathwa, sf., hatis, sn., (gen.pl. hatize);
(hate, envy, anger) neith, sn. (gen. neithis). |
| hate
(v.) | fijan, wv. 3, hatan, wv. 3, hatjan, wv. 1. |
| hatred | fijathwa, fiathwa, sf., hatis,
sn. (gen.pl. *hatize); (hate, envy, anger) neith, sn. (gen. neithis). |
| haughty | hauh-hairts, hauh-thuhts, mikil-thuhts;
(rash, haughty) un-tila-malsks; "be haughty" ufar-hugjan, wv. 1. |
| haul (n.) | (a catch, e.g. of fish) ga-fahs,
sm. |
| haunch | •hagkja, sf.
|
| have | haban, wv. 3.; (own)
aihan (irreg. pp. Commonest forms: aih, aigum, aihuth, aigun, aihta, aigands,
'g' in pres. subjunctive. But 'h' and 'g' fluctuate.); (possess) dis-niman, sv.
IV.; (take, catch, keep) ga-haban, wv. 3.; "to have to, must, will" skulan, pp.
- skal, skulum, skulds. |
| hawk | •falka,
wm. |
| hay | hawi, sn. |
| he | is, sa; "he who" sa-ei, iz-ei. |
| head | haubith, sn. (gen. haubidis);
(director, supervisor) faur-stasseis, sm.; (head of household) heiwa-frauja, wm.;
"spearhead" #gaida, sf. |
| head-hair | skuft,
sn. |
| heal | hailjan, ga-hailjan,
wv. 1., lekinon, wv. 2. - "of" +gen.; (save, heal) ga-nasjan, wv. 1.; (mend, restore,
put right) aftra ga-satjan, wv. 1.; "to be healed" ga-nisan, sv. V., ga-hailnan,
wv. 4. |
| healing (n.) | lekinassus,
sm. |
| health | *haili, sn. (cf.
un-haili). |
| healthy | hails,
ga-hails; (strong, sound) swinths; "become healthy" waila wairthith (impersonal
+dat.) - "they will get well" waila wairthith im. |
| heap
(n.) | (heap, crowd) hiuhma, sm. |
| heap
(v.) | (together) ga-dragan, sv. VI.; (heap up, hoard, collect)
huhjan, huzdjan, wv. 1., rikan, sv. V. |
| hear (v.) | (hear,
hear of, listen to) hausjan, ga-hausjan, hausjon, wv. 2. (acc., sometimes dat.
with sense "listen to"); "from" fram +dat., at +dat.; (heed) and-hausjan, wv.
1. +dat.; "your prayer has been heard" andhausida ist bida theina; (hear of, find
out, learn, discover) finthan, sv. III. |
| hearing
(n.) | (sense of hearing) hliuma, wm.; (listening, doctrine,
message of preaching) hauseins, sf. |
| heart | (lit.
& fig.) hairto, wn.; (fig. as seat of emotions) saiwala, sf. - "in one's heart"
ahmin seinamma; "with all one's heart, gladly" us saiwalai; "lose heart, become
apathetic" in unlustu wairthan, sv. III.; (innards, fig. 'heart') hairthra, sn.pl.
|
| heartedness (in compounds) | -hairtei,
wf. |
| heartily | (gladly, with
all one's heart) us saiwalai. |
| heat (adj.) | *warmei,
wf., *warmitha, sf. |
| heat (v.) | (warm,
cherish) warmjan, wv. 1. |
| heath | (or
field) haithi, sf. |
| heathen woman | haithno,
wf. |
| heathen | haithns. |
| heaven | himins, sm., himinos, sm. pl.;
(the highest heaven) hauhisti sn.; (paradise) waggs, sm.; "in heaven" in himinam,
ana himinam. |
| heavenly | himina-kunds.
|
| heavy | kaurus. |
| heckle | •hakiljan, wv. 1. |
| hedge | fatha, sf. |
| hedgehog | #igils,
sm. |
| heed (v.) | (listen to)
and-hausjan, sv. 1. +dat.; (observe, note) and-saihwan, sv. V; (give heed to,
watch out for) at-saihwan, sv. V. +gen. or at-saihwan faura +dat.; (obey, submit
to) uf-hausjan wv. 1. +dat. |
| heel | fairzna,
sf. |
| he-goat | "he-goat" •bukks,
sm. |
| heifer | kalbo, wf., •brano,
wf. (cf. ON brana, in Cleasby & Vigfusson's dictionary). |
| height | hauhei,
wf.; (height, glory) hauhitha, sf.; (the highest height) hauhisti, sn. |
| heir | arbi-numja, arbja, wm. |
| heiress | arbjo, wf. |
| hell | halja, sf., gaiainna, wm. |
| hello | "say hello/farewell to" and-qithan,
sv. V. +dat.; "greet" goljan, wv. 1.; "grace and peace to you" ansts jah gawairthi
izwis (pl.). |
| helm | hilms,
sm. |
| helmet | hilms, sm. |
| help (n.) | *hilpa, sf.; (support) #stutja,
sf.; (protection) #munda, sf.; (shelter) •bairgo, wf.; (supplies, aid, support)
and-stald, sn. - "the support/help of the spirit" andstald ahmins; (charity/alms,
mercy) arma-hairtitha, sf., armaio, wf.; (lifting of burden, help paying debts)
un-kaureins, sf.; (mediation) *midumons, sf.; (intercession) liteins, sf. |
| help (v.) | hilpan, sv. III. +gen., nithan
sv. V. +acc.; (protect) hleibjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (support) #stutjan, wv. 1.; (unburden,
help with debts/expenses) *un-kaurjan, wv. 1.; (be of use, be any good) botjan,
wv. 1., dugan, pp. - daug, dugum, dauhta. |
| hem | skauts,
sm. |
| hen | *hano, wf. (Crim.
ano). |
| henbane | •bilisa, sf.
|
| henceforth | fram himma, fram
himma nu, fram-wairthis; (from then/now on) fram-wigis. |
| henceforward | fram
himma, fram himma nu, fram-wairthis; (from then/now on) fram-wigis. |
| her | (acc.) ija, tho; (dat.) izai; (possessive)
izos, seins. |
| herb | (medicinal,
poisonous) *lubi, sn.; (edible vegetable, grass) gras, sn. (gen. grasis). |
| herd | hairda, sf. |
| herdsman | hairdeis,
sm.; "the herdsmen" thai haldandans. |
| here | ('at
rest here' & 'to here', hither) her; (hither, to here) hidre. |
| here, to be | in-wisan, at-wisan, irreg. |
| heresy | hairaisis, ? |
| heritage | (inherited property, ancestral
heirloom, land, heritage) %othal sn.; (inheritance) arbi, sn.; (possessions, property,
inheritance) aigin, sn.; (inherited lands/homestead) *othli, sn.; (tradition)
ana-filh, sn., thata ana-fulhano, wn. |
| hero | #thunds,
sm. |
| Herod | Herodes, m. (gen.
Herodes/Herodeis/Herodis, dat. Heroda). |
| herring | •hariggs,
sm. |
| herself | si silbo, wf.
|
| hesitate | sainjan, wv. 1.
|
| hew | (cut) maitan, sv. VII.;
(hew out) ga-draban, sv. VI. |
| hexadecimal | (n.)
*saihs-taihun-tewa, sf.; (adj.) *saihs-taihun-teweis. |
| hey! | sai!
|
| hid (adj.) | (concealed) fulgins,
ga-fulgins "from" faura +dat., af +dat.; (secret, concealed) ana-laugns (i-stem);
(protected, kept safe) baurgans "from" faura +dat.; (hidden, occult) •darneis;
"stay/be hidden" ga-laugnjan, wv. 1.; "hidden thing, secret" fulhsni, sn. |
| hidden | (concealed) fulgins, ga-fulgins
"from" faura +dat., af +dat.; (secret, concealed) ana-laugns (i-stem); (protected,
kept safe) baurgans "from" faura +dat.; (hidden, occult) •darneis; "stay/be hidden"
ga-laugnjan, wv. 1.; "hidden thing, secret" fulhsni, sn. |
| hide
(n.) | (skin) fill, sn. |
| hide
(v.) | (TRANS.: CONCEAL) (keep safe) bairgan, sv. III. "from"
faura +dat.; (hide, bury) filhan, ga-filhan, sv. III. - "from" faura +dat.; (make
secret) •darnjan, wv. 1.; (cover) huljan, ga-huljan, wv. 1., hilan, sv. IV.; (INTR.)
"hide oneself" ga-laugnjan sik, wv., 1.; (hide, stay hidden, escape detection)
ga-laugnjan, wv. 1.; "hide o-self from" filhan sik faura, sv. III. +dat. |
| hideout | (den) filigri, sn. |
| hiding-place | filigri, filegri, sn.
|
| high | hauhs, auhuma. |
| higher | (adv.) hauhis; (adj.) auhuma,
*hauhiza. |
| highest | *hauhists,
auhumists, auhmists; "the highest height" hauhisti. |
| highlands | bairgahei,
wf.; (southern curve of Carpathian mountains?) Hauha-land, sn., literally "highland"
(Caucaland, in the Latin of Ammianus Marcellinus). |
| highly | hauhaba;
(very much) ufarassau - "highly esteme" ufarassau sweran, wv. 3. |
| high-minded | (haughty) hauh-hairts, hauh-thuhts,
mikil-thuhts. |
| high-priest | ufar-gudja,
wm. |
| hill | *bairgs, sm., hlain(s),
sm.?, sn.?; "hilltop" auhmisto, wn. |
| hill-country | bairgahei,
wf. |
| hilltop | auhmisto, wn.
|
| him | (acc.) ina; (dat.) imma
|
| himself | sa silba, is silba,
wm. |
| hinder | (impede) latjan,
ga-latjan, ana-latjan, wv. 1.; (block, dam up) faur-dammjan, wv. 1.; (limit, restrict,
trouble) ga-aggwjan, wv. 1.; (hamper, offend, trip) marzjan, wv. 1.; (block, forbid,
restrain) warjan, wv. 1. |
| hindmost | aftuma,
hindumists. |
| hindrance | marzeins,
sf.; (hindrance, cause of contention) ga-marzeins, sf.; (stumbling-block) bi-stugq,
sn. |
| hip | hups, sm. (i-stem).
|
| hired servant | asneis, sm.
|
| hireling | asneis, sm. |
| his | is, seins. |
| hit
(n.) | (hit) slahs, sm. (i-stem); (wound, blow) banja, sf.;
(slap) slahs lofin. |
| hit (v.) | slahan,
sv. VI.; (beat) bliggwan, sv. III.; (slap) kaupatjan, wv. 1. - kaupasta, kaupatiths;
(hit in the face, castigate) wlizjan, wv. 1.; (beat, strike) •biutan, sv. II.;
(knock, touch) •tukkon, wv. 2.; (smite, push) stautan, sv. VII.; (push, thrust,
slam) stigqan, sv. III.; "attack" stigqan withra +acc.; (bump, slam) bi-stigqan,
sv. III. - "against" bi +dat.; (hit/stub) ga-stagqjan, wv. 1. - "so you won't
hit your foot on a single stone" ei hwan ni gastagqjais bi staina fotu theinana.
|
| hitch (n.) | (obstacle) marzeins,
sf.; (hindrance, cause of contention) ga-marzeins, sf.; (stumbling-block) bi-stugq,
sn.; (problem, trouble) threihsl, sn. |
| hitch (v.) | (attach)
ga-widan, sv. V., haftjan, wv. 1.; ga-ga-tilon, wv. 2. |
| hither | her,
hidre. |
| hitherto | und hita,
und hita nu. |
| hoard (n.) | huzd,
sn. |
| hoard (up) (v.) | huzdjan,
wv. 1. |
| hog | swein, sn. |
| hold | (hold, tend/herd) haldan, sv.
VII.; (take, catch, keep) ga-haban, wv. 3.; "hold back, avoid, refrain" ga-haban
sik, wv. 3. - "from" af +dat.; (hold captive) ga-fahana haban, wv. 3.; "hold fast"
ga-fastan, wv. 3.; "hold/lift up" uf-haban, wv. 3.; "hold, lift, take in one's
arms" (e.g. a child) ana armins niman/and-niman, sv. IV. +acc.; "hold up, impede"
latjan, ga-latjan, ana-latjan, wv. 1.; "they wondered what was holding him up"
sildaleikidedun hwa latidedi ina; "lay hold of, seize" und-greipan, sv. I.; "hold
out to, offer" rahton, wv. 2.; "to hold one's peace" af-dumbnan, af-dobnan, wv.
4. |
| hole | (opening) *luk,
sn; (hole through something) thairko, wn.; (burrow, cave) groba, sf.; (well/hole
in table for wine-vat) dal uf mesa. |
| holiness | weihitha,
sf. |
| hollow (adj.) | *huls;
(empty) laus (gen. lausis). |
| hollow (v.) | hulon,
wv. 2.; (hollow out) us-hulon, wv. 2. |
| holocaust | "burnt
offering" ala-brunsts, sf. |
| Holy Ghost, the | ahma,
wm., ahma sa weiha. |
| Holy Spirit, the | ahma,
wm., ahma sa weiha. |
| holy | airkns,
weihs, hailags; "to make holy" weihan, wv. 3.; "become holy" weihnan, wv. 4. |
| home | (dwelling) bauains, *dauka, •baggwitha,
sf.; (village, home village, homestead, farm) haims, sf. (but declined as o-stem
in pl.); (birth, native land) ga-baurths, sf.; (home, habitat, homeland) •arthus,
sm.; "at home" ana-haimeis; "to be at home" in-wisan, irreg.; "absent/away from
home" af-haimeis; "he sent him home" insandida ina du garda is. |
| homestead | haimothli, sn. |
| homicide | (murder) maurthr, sn. |
| honest | (faithful, trustworthy) triggws;
(true, factual) sunjeins; (open, honest) un-hindar-weis, un-liuts; (holy, sincere)
airkns; "to be honest, actually, as a matter of fact" raihtis. |
| honestly | (with sincerity, innocently) swiknaba;
(certainly, for sure) triggwaba; (indeed) aiththau jah; (truly) sunjaba, bi-sunjai.
|
| honesty | (holiness, sincerity)
airknitha, sf. |
| honey | milith,
sn. |
| honour (n.) | sweritha,
sf., *swerei, wf.; "honour to the father" swerithos attin; (respect) *aiza, sf.
|
| honour (v.) | sweran, wv.
3, blotan, sv. VII.; (respect) aistan, ga-aistan, wv. 3. |
| honourable | ga-riuths,
(gen. ga-riudis); (honoured, honourable) swers. |
| honourably | (decently)
ga-redaba. |
| honoured | swers.
|
| hoodwink | us-luton, wv. 2.
|
| hook | •krampa, •krappa, sf.
|
| hop (v.) | (hop, skip) •trippon,
wv. 1. |
| hope (n.) | wens, lubains,
sf.; "place one's hope in" wenjan in/du +dat., wv. 1. |
| hope
(v.) | (hope, expect) wenjan, faura-wenjan, wv. 1.; "I hope
to stay with you a while" wenja mik hwo hweilo sanljan at izwis; "hope that" wenja
ei/thatei + subj.; "hope for" wenjan +acc.; "hope to" wenjan + inf. |
| hopeless | us-wena, w.adj. |
| horn | haurn, sn. |
| horn-blower | haurnja,
wm. |
| horse | aihws, sm.; (steed)
•marhs, sm.; "dark horse with white blaze" #bala, wm. |
| hosanna | osanna.
|
| hose | (trousers, leg-garment)
husa, sf.; (tube, leg) •agkja, sf.; (tube, (attested meaning: reed)) raus, sn.
|
| hospitable | gasti-goths (gen.
-godis), *latha-leiks; (gladly, hospitably) latha-leiko. |
| host | (army)
harjis, sm.; (troop, army, band of retainers) *drauhts, sf.; (people, host, nation
at arms) fulk, sn.; (legion, regiment) thusundi, sf.; (one entertaining guests)
wairdus, sm. |
| hostage | #geisls,
sm. |
| hostelry | (inn) •harja-bairgo,
wf. |
| hostile | hatands, anda-neiths
(gen. -neithis); "hostile to one" anda-neiths ainamma. |
| hostility | (enmity)
fiathwa, sf., neith, sn. (gen. neithis); (strife) brakja, haifsts, sf., sakjo,
waihjo, wf.; (war) wigan, sn. |
| hot | heits.
|
| hotel | •harja-bairgo, wf.
|
| hound | hunds, sm. |
| hour | hweila, sf.; "from the sixth hour"
hweila saihsto; "till the ninth hour" und hweila niundon; "not even so much as
a single hour" ni hweilohun, nih hweilohun; "early hours" (of the morning) uhtwo,
wf. |
| house | razn, hus, sn.,
in-gardjo, wf.; (household) gards, sm. (i-stem); (dwelling, home) bauains, *dauka,
sf.; (hut) •bawitha, sf., •botho, wf.; "housemate" ga-dauka, wm. |
| house-broken | (tame, domesticated) *tams.
|
| household | *heiwiski, sn.,
in-gardjo, wf.; (house, household) gards, sm. (i-stem); "member of the same household"
in-gardja, wm., ga-dauka, wm.; "the household of Stephanus" thai Stefanaus gadaukans.
|
| housemate | ga-dauka, wm.
|
| house-train | (tame, domesticate)
ga-tamjan, wv. 1. |
| hovel | •bawitha,
sf., •botho, wf. |
| how | hwaiwa,
cj. & adv.; (BEFORE ADJs. and ADVs.) hwan; (WITH WHAT) hwe; "so how shall I compare
the people of this race and what are they like?" hwe nu galeiko thans mans this
kunjis jah hwe sijaina galeikai?; "HOW WILL WE KNOW this [to be true]?" bi-hwe
kunnum thata?; "HOW GREAT" hwe-lauths (gen. hwe-laudis); "HOW LONG" hwan lagg
mel; "for how long" und hwa; "HOW NARROW that door [is]!" hwan aggwu thata daur!;
"HOW MANY, however many" hwaiwa manags, hwan manags; "HOW MUCH" hwan filu; "HOW
MUCH MORE" hwan - e.g. "HOW MUCH BETTER" hwan batiza; "how much the more" hwaiwa
mais, hwan mais; "SEEING AS HOW..." thande; (rhetorical) "considering X...how
can it be that Y?" thande...hwaiwa?; "HOW CAN THIS BE, seeing that I know not
[haven't been with] a man?" hwaiwa sijai thata, thande aban ni kann?; "how is
it possible for/that..." ibai...? (Introduces this and other rhetorical questions
expecting a negative answer). |
| however | akei,
ith, than, aththan; (admittedly) swe-thauh, aththan swe-thauh; (indeed, actually,
namely) raihtis. |
| howl (n.) | (blare,
screech, trumpet blast) *thuts, sm. (i-stem). |
| howl
(v.) | (shout, scream, cry out) hropjan, uf-hropjan, wopjan,
at-wopjan, uf-wopjan, wv. 1., auhjon, wv. 2.; (blare, screech, make trumpet noise)
*thiutan, sv. II.; (screech, shriek) •kreitan, sv. I. |
| hug
(v.) | ga-thlaihan, sv. VII. +dat. |
| huge | abraba
mikils; (big, mighty) #airmans. |
| human (n.) | manna,
m. |
| human (adj.) | mannisks;
manniskodaus, (gen. m. noun); "human guise" *mana-huli, sn. |
| humanity | (humanity,
humankind) manniskodus, sm.; (humankind, all people) ala-mans, m.; (humankind,
the human race, multitude) mana-seths, sf. (gen. mana-sedais). |
| humankind | (humankind, all people) ala-mans,
m.; (humanity, humankind) manniskodus, sm.; (humankind, multitude) mana-seths,
sf. (gen. mana-sedais). |
| humble (adj.) | hnaiws,
hauns (?i-stem: OE hean, OHG honi, MLG hön/höne); (humble, humbled, downcast)
hnaiwiths. |
| humble (v.) | (subjugate)
uf-hnaiwjan, wv. 1.; "he humbled them all under himself" ufhnaiwida uf ina tho
alla; "he humbled/subjugated [them] under his feet" ufhnaiwida uf fotuns imma;
"humble oneself, bow down" hneiwan, ana-hneiwan, sv, I. |
| humiliate | haunjan,
wv. 1. |
| humiliation | hnaiweins,
sf. |
| humility | haunei, wf.,
haunitha, sf.; "humility of spirit" haunei ahins. |
| hundred | "100"
taihun-tehund, taihun-taihund (+gen. The former is attested once, the latter 3
times); "a long-hundred, 120" *hund, sn. (+gen.); "two hundred" (=200 or 240)
twa hunda, sn.pl. (+gen.); "exactly 200" twa hunda taihun-tewja; "exactly 240"
twa hunda *twalif-tewja; "a hundred and fifty men" taihuntehund jah fimftigjus
gumane (attested as abbreviation Neh 5,17: .r. jah .n.). |
| hunger
(n.) | gredus, huhrus, sm., laus-qithrei, wf. |
| hunger (v.) | gredon, wv. 2., huggrjan, wv.
1. (Both impersonal verbs +acc. subject) - "I hunger, I am hungry" huggreith mik,
gredoth mik. |
| hungry | gredags;
(fasting, starving, empty of stomach) laus-qithrs; "to be hungry" gredon, wv.
2, huggrjan, wv. 1. (Both impersonal verbs +acc. subject) - "I am hungry" gredoth
mik, huggreith mik, gredags im. |
| hunt | *waithjan,
sv. 1. |
| hunter | waithja, wm.
|
| huntsman | waithja, wm. |
| hurl against | ga-stagqjan, wv. 1. |
| hurry | sniwan, sv. V., sniumjan, wv.
1.; (run, hasten) rinnan, sv. III; "to rush violently" run ga-waurkjan sis - ga-waurhta,
ga-waurhts; "hurry towards" du-at-sniwan, sv. V.; "hurry together" ga-rinnan,
sv. III.; "precede, hurry on ahead" faur-sniwan, sv. V.; "hurry on ahead of" faur-bi-sniwan,
bi-sniwan faur, sv. V. +acc. |
| hurt (adj.) | (wounded)
wunds. |
| hurt (v.) | (harm,
damage) skathjan, ga-skathjan, sv. VI., *sleithjan, ga-sleithjan, wv. 1.; (hurt
by lies/slander) holon, wv. 2.; (do violence, damage, injure, revile) ana-mahtjan,
wv. 1.; (physically hurt or mentally vex) agljan, wv. 1. +dat.; (injure, wound)
ga-wundon, wv. 2., wundans briggan, sv. III. - brahta, brahts; "to injure in the
head" haubith wundan briggan; "to be/get injured", "injure oneself" ga-sleithjan
sik, wv. 1. |
| husband | (man,
husband, husband-to-be) aba, wm. (pl. abnans). |
| husbandman | (gardener,
caretaker of vineyard/orchard/garden) aurtja, wm. |
| husk | haurn,
sn. |
| hut | •bawitha, sf., •botho,
wf. |
| hymn | (praise) hazeins,
sf. |
| hypocracy | liutei, wf.,
lita, sf. |
| hypocrite | liuta,
wm. |
| hypocritical | liuts;
"be hypocritical together" mith-litjan, wv. 1. |
| hyssop | hyssopo,
wf. |
| I | ik. |
| ice | %eis, sn. (gen. %eisis;
sn. OE and German, sm. in ON). |
| identical | ibna-leiks,
sama-leiks. |
| idiocy | dwalitha,
sf., un-frodei, wf.; (ignorance) un-witi, sn. |
| idle | (lazy)
lats; (disorganised, idle) un-ga-tass. |
| idol | (falsehood,
idol) ga-liug, sn. |
| idolatry | ga-liuga-gude
skalkinassus, sm. |
| i.e. | (that
is to say) that-ist...; (which is to say) that-ei ist...; (which means) that-ei
skeirjada. |
| if | (IF, even
if, although) jabai (+indicative or subjunctive); (but, if, however) ith; "if...then"
jabai...thau; "if...then not" ith...ni thau; "if you'd been here, my brother would
not have died" ith weseis her, ni thau gadauthnodedi brothar meins; "EVEN IF"
-ba- (Enclitic particle); "AND IF" jath-the; "IF SO" jau; "but if so, then..."
aiththau waila thau...; "IF ONLY" wainei +subjuctive, ei wainei +subjunctive;
"IF...THEN" jabai...thau; (WHETHER, introducing question in direct/indirect speech)
-u- - "if/whether he could see anything" ga-u-hwa-sehwi; "if he might be the Messiah"
niu sa wesi Xristus; "and if the Lord hadn't cut short those days, then no one
would have been saved" jah ni frauja gamaurgidedi thans dagans, ni thauh ganesi
ainhun leike; "if possible" jabai mahteig sijai. |
| ignoble | (disreputable,
dishonoured) un-swers. |
| ignorance | un-kunthi,
un-witi, sn. |
| ignorant | un-kunnands,
un-witands; (foolish) un-weis, un-wits; (uneducated, untrained, unrefined) un-tals;
(uncomprehending, mindless) un-frathjands. |
| ill | siuks;
"to be ill" siukan, sv. II., ubil/ubilaba haban, wv. 3.; "be ill in the stomach"
suqnan, wv. 4.; "be taken ill with fever" ana-habaida brinnon wisan. |
| illness | sauhts, sf., siukei, wf., un-haili,
sn.; (infirmity, weakness) un-mahts, sf.; (wound, disease) wundufni, sf. |
| ill-treat | (ill-treat, make ashamed)
aiwiskon, ga-aiwiskon, wv. 2.; (revile, insult) lauan, sv. VII. +dat., ga-naitjan,
wv. 1.; (curse) fra-qithan, sv. V.; (victimise, hurt with lies) holon, wv. 2.;
(beat) bliggwan, us-bliggwan, sv. III.; (torture) balwjan, wv. 1. |
| illuminate | (light up, shine over/around)
bi-skeinan, sv. I.; (light up, reveal) ga-liuhtjan, wv. 1.; (enlighten) in-liuhtjan,
wv. 1.; (clarify) ga-skeirjan, wv. 1.; (reveal) bairhtjan, ga-bairhtjan, wv I.;
(uncover, reveal) and-huljan, wv. 1. |
| illumination | and-huleins,
sf. |
| illustrate | (draw, inscribe,
create image) ga-fri-sahtjan, wv. 1. |
| image | man-leika,
wm.; (image, illustration, example) fri-sahts, sf. |
| imagine | (imagine,
assume, suppose) ahjan, wv. 1.; (expect, suppose) ga-wenjan, wv. 1. |
| immaculate | un-wamms. |
| imbibe | drigkan, sv. III. |
| imitate | (compare with, liken to, be like,
resemble, imitate) ga-leikon, wv. 2. - "imitating his works" galeikondan jainis
waurstwam; "galeikonds thamma" imitating him; (imitate, transform oneself into)
ga-ga-leikon sik, wv. 2. (dat. or +du). |
| immeasureably | inu
mithath. |
| immediately | suns,
suns-aiw; (suddenly) anaks; (immediately after) bi-the, bi-theh; (as soon as)
suns-ei. |
| immense | (huge,
mighty) #airmans; (big, great) mikils. |
| immensely | (extremely)
abraba; (inordinately) inu mitath. |
| immensity | (greatness,
majesty) mikilei, wf. |
| immortal | *un-diwans.
|
| immortality | un-diwanei,
un-riurei, wf. |
| immovable | un-ga-wagiths.
|
| impeccable | (righteous, perfect)
us-waurhts. |
| impede | (hinder)
ana-latjan, wv. 1.; (limit, restrict, trouble) ga-aggwjan, wv. 1.; (hamper, trip,
offend) marzjan, wv. 1.; (block, forbid, restrain) warjan, wv. 1.; (block up,
dam) faur-dammjan, wv. 1. |
| impediment | marzeins,
sf.; (hindrance, cause of contention) ga-marzeins, sf.; (stumbling-block) bi-stugq,
sn.; "with/having a speech impediment" (adj.) stamms. |
| impel | (urge,
impel, incite) #funsjan, wv. 1. (Possibly: acc. of person, gen. of thing impelled
towards, cf. ON fysa); (persuade, entice) ga-hwatjan, wv. 1.; (force, compel)
nauthjan, ana-nauthjan, baidjan, ga-baidjan, #anatjan, wv. 1.; (drive: force in
a certain direction) dreiban, sv. I.; (drive, bother, force in a certain direction)
draibjan, wv. 1.; (cause to run, chase) *rannjan, wv. 1. |
| impend | in-standan,
wv. VI. |
| imperilled | bi-reikeis.
|
| impermanent | (transient,
destructable) ga-taurnands; (perishable) riurs (i-stem); (temporary, fickle, changeable)
hweila-hwairbs. |
| impertinence | thrasa-balthei,
us-balthei, wf. |
| impertinent | *thrasa-balths,
*us-balths. |
| impious | af-guths,
un-sibjis. |
| implacable | (truce-breaking,
desacrating) un-hunslags. |
| implore | bidjan
us-daudo, sv. V. - "they implored him to come" bedun ina us-daudo ei qemi; bidai
ana-haitan, sv. VII. +acc.; (adjure, beseech) bi-swaran, sv, VI. |
| import (n.) | (meaning, importance, value)
wulthrs, sf. |
| importance | (value,
significance) wulthrs, sf.; "it is of no importance to me" ni waiht mis wulthrais
ist; (pre-eminence) frumadei, wf. |
| important | (significant,
of worth) wulthrs; (pre-eminent) *frumadeis; "first, most important" frumists;
"most importantly" in frumistjam; "important/leading men" thai frumistans, wm.adj.pl.
|
| impose | (lay down law) *bi-lagjan,
wv. 1. |
| impossible | (weak,
not possible) un-mahteigs; "impossible for" unmahteig +dat.; "it not possible
to" ni maht ist +inf. |
| impoverish | ga-un-ledjan,
wv. 1. |
| impoverished | un-leths
(gen. *un-ledis); (needy) tharba, w.adj.; (destitute) ala-tharba, us-haista, w.
adj.; (poor, wretched) arms. |
| impoverishment | tharba,
anda-wizns, sf. |
| imprison | fra-hinthan,
us-hinthan, sv. III.; (hand over to be imprisoned) af-giban, sv. V.; ga-lagjan
in karkarai (wv. 1.). |
| improper | withra
thata gadof. |
| improve | *iusilon,
wv. 2. |
| improvement | iusila,
sf. |
| imprudent | (indiscreet,
talkative) un-faurs (i-stem). |
| impurity | un-hrainei,
wf. |
| in case | (lest) ibai
aufto, ei ni +subj.; "lest at any time" ibai hwan; "lest they be expelled from
the synagogue" ei us synagogei ni uswaurpanai waurtheina. |
| in | (PREP.)
(into: motion towards) in +acc. or +dat.; (in: state of rest) in +dat.; (onto,
at, towards, into a place/area) ana +acc. - "into the desert" ana authida; (in
a place) ana +dat. - "in that place" ana thamma stada; (ADV.) (into) inn; (being
within) inna; (from inside) innana +gen., innathro; "to enter/go into" inn at-gaggan,
inn gaggan - iddja, gaggans; "in memory of her" du gamundai ijos; "written in
the prophets" gamelida ana praufetum; "in three days I will build another" bi
thrins dagans anthara gatimrja; "7 times in a day" sibun sintham ana dag; "in
twos or at most threes" bi twans aiththau maist thrins; "it was torn in two" disskritnoda
in twa; "in one's heart" ahmin; in sis silbin; "in all our affliction" ana allai
nauthai. |
| inaccessible | un-at-gahts.
|
| inadvertent | (unwitting,
unintentional) un-faur-weis. |
| inauguration | (feast
of dedication of temple) in-niujitha, sf. |
| inbetween | in
midumai, ana midumai +gen.; "lying between the two" ana midumai twaddje ligands.
|
| incapable | (weak, infirm,
unable, impossible) un-mahteigs. |
| incapacity | un-mahts,
sf. |
| incense | thymiama, sf.
|
| incessant | *un-hweils, un-sweibands.
|
| incessantly | un-hweilo. |
| incise | *wreitan, sv. I. |
| incite | (persuade, entice) ga-hwatjan,
wv. 1.; (excite, stir up) us-wagjan, wv. 1.; (urge, impel) #funsjan, wv. 1. (Possibly:
acc. of person, gen. of thing impelled towards, cf. ON fysa); "incite anger" gramjan,
in-gramjan, wv. 1.; "agitate, disturb, incite unrest" drobjan, wv. 1. |
| inclination | (slope, tendency) *halthei,
wf.; "bias, partisan inclinatation" wilja-halthei, wf.; (desire) gairnei, wf.;
(liking, preference) leikains, sf. |
| incline (n.) | (downward
slope) ib-daljo, wn. (or ?ib-dalja, wm.; (steep slope, cliff) driuso, wf. |
| incline (v.) | (slope, tip, be inclined/biased
towards) *halthjan, wv. 1.; (fall) driusan, sv. II. |
| inclined | (sloping,
tending towards) *halths. |
| include | "including"
thize-ei ist (even with plurals). |
| including | thize-ei
ist (also with plurals). |
| incompletely | (in
part) suman, us dailai. |
| inconceivable | (inscrutable,
ineffable) un-bi-laistiths, un-fair-laistiths. |
| inconsistent | hweila-hwairbs.
|
| inconstant | hweila-hwairbs.
|
| incontinent | (lacking self-control
over behaviour, anger, etc.) un-ga-habands sik, wv. 3. |
| incontrovertibly | un-sahtaba.
|
| incorruptability | un-riurei,
wf. |
| increase (n.) | (growth)
us-wahsts, sf. |
| increase (v.) | (INTR.)
(grow, increase generally) alan, wahsjan, sv. VI., aukan, sv. VII.; (greatly increase)
ufar-wahsjan, sv. VI.; (increase, be increased) auknan, bi-auknan, wv. 4.; (increase
in size, be expanded) ur-rumnan, wv. 4.; (increase in number, be numerous) managnan,
us-managnan, wv. 4.; (TRANS.) (add, augment, increase) ana-aukan ana +acc., bi-aukan,
sv. VII. (acc. of thing increased, dat. of person it belongs to), *kundjan, wv.
1.; "increase our faith!" biauk uns galaubein; "increase one's height" anaaukan
ana wahstu seinana; (TRANS.) "cause to increase, multiply" managjan, wv. 1.; "cause
to increase to a surplus" ufarassjan, wv. 1. |
| incredible | (wonderful)
wulthags. |
| incredulous | un-ga-laubjands.
|
| incredulousness | un-ga-laubeins.
|
| incriminate | (accuse) wrohjan,
fra-wrohjan, wv. 1., fairinon, wv. 2. |
| incrimination | (guilt,
blame, cause of contention) fairina; (public denunciation) us-qiss, sf. |
| indecent language | aglaiti-waurdei,
wf. |
| indecent | aglait(i)-
|
| indeed | (emphatic) "indeed,
yes indeed" jai; (and, indeed, even) jah; (however) swe-thauh; "if indeed" swe-thauh
jabai; (perhaps, indeed perhaps) aufto; (actually, for instance, even) raihtis;
(at all) allis; "indeed...but" allis...ith. |
| indescribable | un-qeths
(i-stem, acc. pl. n. un-qethja), un-us-spilloths. |
| indicate | (signify,
demonstrate) us-taiknjan, wv. 1.; (signal, make a sign to) ga-bandwjan, wv. 1.
(dat. of person signalled to, acc. of sign). |
| indication | (sign)
bandwa, sf., bandwo, wf.; (sign, wonder) taikns, sm. |
| indict | (accuse,
charge) wrohjan, wv. 1. |
| indigence | tharba,
anda-wizns, sf., un-ledi, sn. |
| indigent | arms,
un-leths (gen. *un-ledis); (totally destitute) ala-tharba, w. adj. |
| indigestion | "to suffer indigestion,
sickness in stomach" suqnan, wv. 4. |
| indignation | un-werei,
wf. |
| indisciplined | (disorderly,
idle) un-ga-tass. |
| indisciplined | un-ga-tass;
"in an indisciplined/disorderly fashion" un-ga-tassaba. |
| indiscreet | un-faurs
(i-stem). |
| indisputable | un-and-soks.
|
| indisputable | un-and-soks.
|
| indoctrinate | (teach, instruct)
us-laisjan, talzjan, us-fratwjan, wv. 1. |
| indolent | (lazy)
lats; (unemployed) *un-waurstws; (indisciplined, idle) un-ga-tass. |
| indoors | (PREP.) (going in) in +acc.;
"go indoors" ga-leithan in gard, sv. I.; (being in) in +dat.; (ADV.) inn, inna;
(from within) innana +gen., innathro; "go in" inn at-gaggan, inn gaggan - -iddja,
-gaggans. |
| indubitable | un-sahtaba.
|
| indulge | "indulge in a life
of ease" wizon in azetjam, wv. 2. |
| inexpensive | un-ga-laufs
(gen. un-ga-laubis). |
| inexpressible | un-qeths
(i-stem, acc. pl. n. un-qethja), un-us-spilloths. |
| infantryman | #fanthja,
wm. |
| inferior | wairsiza. |
| inferno | (hell) halja, sf., gaiainn,
wm.; (firy holocaust) ala-brunsts, sf. |
| infertile | (unable
to have children) un-bairands; (without fruit) akrana-laus; (barren, sterile,
desert) auths (?i-stem, gen. authis); (of ground) •galtheis; "infertile woman"
stairo, wf. |
| infirm | siuks,
*un-hails; "to be ill" siukan, sv. II., ubil/ubilaba haban, wv. 3. |
| infamy | (dishonour) un-sweirei, wf.,
un-sweritha, sf. |
| infirmity | siukei,
wf., sauhts, sf., un-haili, sn. ; (feebleness) un-mahts, sf. |
| inflict | ana-lagjan,
wv. 1.; "inflict harm/damage" skathjan, ga-skathjan, sv. VI.; "inflict wound/injury"
ga-wundon, wv. 2.; "inflict an injury to the head" haubith wundan briggan, sv.
III. - brahta, brahts; "inflict violence" ana-mahtjan, wv. 1.; "inflict oppression/burden
on" kaurjan, wv. 1.; "inflict persecution on" wrikan, sv. V., wrakjan, wv. 1.
|
| inform | (tell) ga-teihan,
sv. I., spillon, wv. 2., qithan, sv. V.; (divulge) us-qithan, sv. V.; (teach)
talzjan, ga-laisjan, wv. 1.; (indicate) bandwjan, wv. 1.; (tell, reveal, make
manifest) ga-swikunthjan, wv. 1.; (tell everyone, demean, participate) ga-mainjan,
ga-ga-mainjan, wv. 1. +dat.; "inform in advance" faura-ga-teihan, sv. I. |
| informed | (mature, educated) fulla-weis.
|
| infuriate | gramjan, in-gramjan,
wv. 1.; "provoke to anger" gramjan du thwairhein. |
| ingrate | launa-wargs,
sm., un-fagra, wm., un-fagra, wf. |
| ingrateful | un-fagrs;
"ingrateful person" launa-wargs, sm. |
| ingratiate | (oneself)
samjan sik, wv. 1. |
| inhabit | bauan,
wv. 3., saljan, wv. 1. |
| inhabitant | baurgja,
wm., gauja, wm. |
| inherit | (get,
bring along, learn, inherit from) ga-niman at +dat.; "something comes to one (by
inheritance, etc.)" waihts und-rinnith ainamma, (sv. III.); "be allotted, get,
come by" *hliutan, sv. II. |
| inheritance | arbi,
sn.; (possessions) aigin, sn.; (share, lot, portion) hlauts, sm. |
| inheritor | arbja, sm., arbjo, sf. |
| inhuman | (fierce, inhuman) un-mana-riggws.
|
| inimical | hatands, anda-neiths
(gen. -neithis); "hostile/opposed to one" anda-neiths ainamma. |
| iniquitous | ga-stojans. |
| iniquity | in-winditha,
sf. |
| initial | (adj.) fruma,
frumists. |
| initially | frumist,
thata frumo; "first of all" frumist allis. |
| initiate | (begin)
ana-stodjan, du-stodjan, wv. 1, du-ginnan, sv. III.; (inaugurate) *in-niujan,
wv. 1. |
| initiation | (inauguration,
dedication of temple) in-niujitha, sf. |
| injure | (harm,
damage) skathjan, ga-skathjan, sv. VI., *sleithjan, ga-sleithjan, wv. 1.; (hurt
through slander) holon, wv. 2.; (vex, physically hurt) agljan, wv. 1. +dat.; (molest,
insult, physically coerce, use violence on) ana-mahtjan, wv. 1.; (injure, wound)
ga-wundon, wv. 2., wundans briggan, sv. III. - brahta, brahts; "to injure in the
head" haubith wundan briggan; "to be/get injured", "injure oneself" ga-sleithjan
sik, wv. 1. |
| injured | wunds,
wundans. |
| injurious | skathuls.
|
| injury | (harm) skathis, sn.;
(wound, plague) wundufni, sn.; (open sore, wound) banja, sf. |
| injustice | (wrongness)
*un-raihtei, wf.; (wickedness) un-selei, wf. |
| ink | swartis,
swartizl, sn. |
| in-law | "mother-in-law"
swaihro, wf.; "father-in-law" swaihra, wm.; "daughter-in-law" •snuza, sf. (Crim.
schuos 'bride', cf. OE snoru); "son-in-law" megs, sm. (=Gk. gambros 'son/father-in
law', cf. ON mágr 'son/father/brother-in-law', OE maeg 'kinsman, son' also in
poetry 'kinswoman'). |
| inmost | innuma;
(deepest) undarists. |
| innards | (bowels,
fig: 'heart') hairthra, sn.pl. |
| inner | innuma.
|
| innermost | innuma; (deepest)
undarists. |
| inn | •harja-bairgo,
wf. |
| inn-keeper | (cup-bearer)
#skagkja, wm. |
| innocence | (innocent
nature) *hrainja-hairtei; (purity, chastity) hlutrei, wf., swiknitha, sf.; (spotlessness)
un-wamms; (simplicity) ain-falthei, wf. |
| innocent | (innocent
at heart, of an innocent nature) hrainja-hairts; (blameless) un-aiwisks, us-fairina,
w.adj., un-ga-fairinoths, un-wahs; (unblemished) un-wamms; (pure) hrains (i-stem),
hlutrs, swikns; (chaste, abstinent) ga-thaurbs; (simple, pure) ain-falths. |
| innocently | swiknaba. |
| innundation | (deluge, flood) ga-runjo, wf.
|
| inoffensive | un-uf-brikands.
|
| inopportunely | un-uhteigo.
|
| inordinately | inu mitath.
|
| insane | woths, (gen. wodis).
|
| insanity | *dwalms, sm. |
| inscribe | *wreitan, sv. I.; (draw, form
image/writing) ga-fri-sahtjan, wv. 1.; "entitle" ufar-meljan, wv. 1. |
| inscription | (title, label) ufar-meli,
sn. |
| inscrutable | un-bi-laistiths,
un-fair-laistiths. |
| inseminate | (sow
seed in) in-saian, sv. VII. |
| insensitive | (deaf,
stubborn, dull of taste/sensation) daufs (gen. daubis); "make insensitive/deaf/stubborn"
ga-daubjan, wv. 1.; "become insensitive/deaf/stubborn" af-daubnan, wv. 4. |
| insensitivity | (deafness, numbness,
lack of sensation/flavour) daubei, wf., daubitha, sf. |
| inside | (ADV.:
into) inn; (being in) inna; (from within) innana +gen., innathro; (PREP.) (motion
into) in +acc. or +dat.; (being inside) in +dat.; to "go in/inside" inn at-gaggan,
inn gaggan - iddja, gaggans; "go inside/indoors" ga-leithan in gard, sv. I. |
| insight | (understanding, perception)
frathi, sn.; (discernment, judgement) doms, sm.; (intelligence, sense, sobriety)
ga-frathjei, wf.; (good sense, understanding) *witi, sn.; (knowledge, recognition
of facts) uf-kunthi, sn.; (inspiration) ahmateins, sf. |
| insightful | (wise)
froths (gen. frodis), snutrs, weis, handugs; (reasonable) *ga-frathjis; (inspired)
*ahmatiths. |
| insignificant | (pointless)
halks; (useless) un-nutis; (empty, vain, foolish) laus (gen. lausis); (unworthy,
unsuitable, no good) *un-wairths. |
| insipid | (bland
to taste; deaf & dumb) bauths, (gen. baudis). |
| insist | (urge,
be immanent) in-standan, sv. VI.; (urge, beg to) us-daudo bidjan, sv. V. |
| insolence | us-balthei, thrasa-balthei,
wf. |
| insolent | *thrasa-balths,
*us-balths. |
| inspect | (visit,
scout/spy out) bi-niuhsjan, wv. 1. |
| inspection | (reconnaissance
visit) niuhseins, sf. |
| inspiration | ahmateins,
sf. |
| inspire | *ahmatjan, wv.
1. |
| instance | (occasion) *sinths,
sm. - "in one instance, once" ainamma sintha, "twice" twaim sintham; (occasion)
mel, sn. - "in many instances, many times" manag mel; (example, illustration,
image, metaphor) fri-sahts; "for instance, namely" raihtis. |
| instead | (but)
ith; "instead of, in place of" faur +acc.; "rather than that one" thau raihtis
jains; "on the contrary" thata anda-neitho, thata withra-wairtho; "no, instead/actually
he deludes the crowd" ne, ak airzeith tho managein. |
| instruct | (teach,
train) talzjan, us-fratwjan, laisjan, us-laisjan, wv. 1.; (command) ana-biudan
+dat., faur-biudan, sv, II. +dat., haitan, sv, VII., qithan, sv. V. - "to" ei
(+subjunctive); "he instructed them to" anabauth im ei (+subjunctive); (decree)
ga-raidjan, wv. 1. |
| instruction | (command)
ana-busns, ga-grefts, sf.; (command, promise) haiti, sf.; (teaching) laiseins,
talzeins, sf. |
| insubordination | ufar-hauseins,
sf. |
| insult | (revile) lauan,
sv. VII. +dat.; (slander) ga-naitjan, wv. 1.; (curse) fra-qithan, sv. V.; (provoke
to wrath) gramjan, in-gramjan, wv. 1.; (agrieve) gaurjan, wv. 1.; (mock) bi-mampjan,
•skairnjan, wv. 1., bi-laikan, sv. VII., bi-hlahjan, sv. VI.; (slight, harm) sleithjan,
wv. 1., skathjan, ga-skathjan, sv. VI.; (assault, coerce, abuse) ana-mahtjan,
wv. 1. |
| intact | (unscathed)
*un-skathiths; (healthy) hails. |
| intelligence | (wisdom,
cleverness) frodei, handugei, wf.; (reasonableness, rationality) ga-frathjei,
wf.; (cunning) lists, sf., hindar-weisei, filu-deisei, wf.; (slyness, caution)
warei, wf. |
| intelligent | froths
(gen. frodis), snutrs, weis, handugs, #wituls; (reasonable) *ga-frathjis; (wise,
sober, in possession of one's wits) in-ahs. |
| intend | munan,
wv. 3. |
| intended | (deliberate,
premeditating) faur-weis. |
| intent (n.) | muns,
sm. (i-stem); (aim, objective) mundrei, wf.; (path, purpose) laists, sm. (i-stem)
- "with this intent/aim" and thana laist (cf. Sk 5,a Marchand translation - but
others have "following this" - & cf. Sk 2,d); "of one intent" *aina-munds. |
| intention | muns, sm. (i-stem); (aim,
objective) mundrei, wf.; "unanimity of intention" aina-munditha, sf.; "with this
intention" and thana laist (cf. Sk 5,a Marchand translation - but others have
"following this" - & cf. Sk 2,d). |
| intentional | (deliberate,
premeditating) faur-weis. |
| inter | (bury
body) ga-nawistron, wv. 2.; (bury body etc., hide s-thing) filhan, ga-filhan,
us-filhan, sv. III. |
| intercession | (prayer)
liteins, sf. |
| intercourse (sex) | ga-ligri,
sn.; (illicit) kalkinassus, sm.; (extra marital) horinassus, sm.; (bed, couch,
lying together) ligrs, sm. |
| interest (n.) | (usury,
interest on loan) wokrs, sm. - "with interest" mith wokra; (bias, favouritism,
factional/sectional interest) wilja-halthei, wf.; "it is of no matter/interest
to me" ni waiht mis wulthrais ist. |
| interest (v.) | (attract)
at-thinsan, sv. III.; (fascinate, bewitch, confuse) af-hugjan, wv. 1. |
| interior | (inmost) innuma. |
| interment | ga-filh, sn. |
| interpret | skeirjan, ga-skeirjan, wv. 1.
|
| interpreter | *skeirja, wm.
|
| intertwine | us-windan, sv.
III. |
| interval | (hour, while,
interval of time) hweila, sf.; (a while) •stunda, sf.; (break, respite, rest)
ga-hweilains, sf. |
| intestines | (innards,
fig: 'heart') hairthra, sn.pl. |
| intimate (adj.) | (dear,
familiar) •druths (gen. •drudis). |
| into | (prep.)
in +acc. or +dat.; (into a place/area) ana +acc.; (adv.) inn; "so they could make
him into a king" ei tawidedeina ina du thiudana. |
| intone | (chant,
read out loud) us-siggwan, wv. III.; (sing, chant, call) *galan, sv. VI.; (lament,
sing dirge) gaunon, wv. 2.; (sing) siggwan, sv. III., liuthon, wv. 2. |
| intonation | (language, accent) razda,
sf. |
| intrigue (n.) | (plotting,
scheming) bi-runains, sf. |
| introduce | (make
known) ga-kannjan, wv. 1.; (introduce, recommend) us-kannjan, wv. 1.; (begin)
ana-stodjan, du-stodjan, wv. 1.; du-ginnan, sv. III. |
| investigate | (seek,
question, investigate, try) sokjan, wv. 1.; (judge, examine) us-sokjan, wv. 1.;
(ask, ask about, test/examine) fragan, sv. VI.; (query, question o-self) and-hruskan,
wv. 3. |
| investigation | (enquiry,
debate) sokns, sf.; (question, questioning, enquiry) sokeins, sf. |
| invisible | un-ga-saihwans, *un-ana-siuns
(i-stem). |
| invisibly | un-ana-siuniba.
|
| invitation | lathons, sf.
|
| invite | lathon, at-lathon,
ga-lathon, wv. 2., haitan, sv. VII. |
| invoke | ana-haitan,
sv. VII +acc.; (adjure, beseech) bi-swaran, sv. VI. |
| involve | "mix,
become involved with" blandan, sv. VII. |
| irate | modags,
thwairhs, *grams; (to be irate/angry) hatizon, wv. 2., neiwan, sv. I. +dat., •*grimman,
sv. III.; "make angry" gramjan, in-gramjan, wv. 1. - "provoke to anger" gramjan
du thwairhein. |
| ire | (anger)
moths, sm. (gen. modis), thwairhei, wf.; (hate, wrath) hatis, sn. (gen. *hatizis);
(hate, envy, anger) neith, sn. (gen. neithis); (fury, ferocity) •grimmitha, sf.
|
| irk | (irritate) us-agljan,
wv. 1.; (anger, provoke) gramjan, in-gramjan, wv. 1.; (drive, trouble, vex) draibjan,
wv. 1. |
| iron (adj.) | eisarneins.
|
| iron (n.) | eisarn, sn.; "fetters,
[leg] irons" eisarna, sn.pl. - "on the legs/feet" ana fotum, bi fotuns gabugana.
|
| irritate | draibjan, gramjan,
in-gramjan, us-agljan, wv. 1. |
| irritation | (anger)
thwaihei, wf. |
| is | ist. |
| -ish | -isks. |
| island | #hulms,
sm.; (island, watermeadow) #awi, sf. |
| isn't...is
it? | (to introduce any such negative rhetorical question)
ibai... (e.g. ibai magun sunjus bruthfadis...fastan? "The friends of the bridegroom
don't fast, do they?"). |
| isolate | ga-ainan,
wv. 3. |
| isolated | (lonely)
ainakls; (deserted, barren) auths (?i-stem, gen. authis). |
| issue | (THING,
MATTER, SUBJECT) waihts, sf. (usually, but acc.pl. waihts also found, Sk 2,c);
(FLOW/ISSUE OF FLUID) runs, sm. (i-stem, gen. runsis); (ISSUE OF MARRIAGE, seed,
offspring) fraiw, sn.; (child) barn, sn.; (son) baur, sm. (i-stem). |
| it | (nom. acc.) ita; +dat. imma. |
| itch (n.) | (itch, mange, scabies) •rappa,
sf. |
| itch (v.) | (tickle) suthjon,
wv. 2., suthjan, wv. 1. |
| item | (thing)
waihts, sf. |
| its | is, seins.
|
| itself | silbo, ita silbo,
wn. |
| jacket | (jacket,
tunic, shirt) paida, sf. |
| Jacob | Iakob,
sm. (gen. Iakobis, dat, Iakoba); Iakobus (gen. Iakobaus, dat. Iakobau). |
| jail (n.) | karkara, sf. |
| jail (v.) | fra-hinthan, us-hinthan, sv. III.
|
| jangle | klismjan, wv. 1.
|
| jar | (pot, pitcher) kas,
sn.; (jug) •kruka, sf. |
| jawbone | (cheek,
jaw) kinnus, sf. |
| jealous | "to
be jealous" aljanon, wv. 2.; "to make jealous" in-aljanon, wv. 2. +dat., in aljan
briggan, sv. III. (but weak past: brahta, brahts). |
| jealousy | (envy,
zeal) aljan, sn.; (covetousness) bi-faiho, wf.; (spite) neith, sn. (gen. neithis).
|
| jerk (n.) | (tug) •tiuhi,
sn. |
| Jerusalem | Jairusaulyma,
sf. (except L 5,17: gen.pl. Iairusaulymon), Jairusalem, indecl. (except in Nehemiah:
gen. Jairusalems). |
| jest (n.) | "joking,
jesting" saldra, sf. |
| jest (v.) | "jest
about, mock" bi-mampjan, wv. 1.; "make light of" leihtis brukjan, wv. 1. - bruhta,
bruhts; "amuse" uf-hlohjan, wv. 1. |
| jesting (n.) | saldra,
sf. |
| Jesus | Iesus, sm. (acc./voc.
Iesu, gen. Iesuis, dat. Iesua). |
| jettison | fra-wairpan,
sv. III. +dat. |
| Jewish | iudaiwisks.
|
| jibbet | (gallow, cross) galga,
wm. |
| jingle | klismjan, wv.
1. |
| John | Iohannes, m. (acc.
Iohanne/Iohannen/Iohannein, gen. Iohannes/Iohannis, dat. Iohanne/Johannen). |
| join (n.) | (joint, connection, link,
ligament) ga-wiss, sf. |
| join (v.) | (TRANS.)
ga-widan, sv. V., ga-haftjan, wv. 1.; (FIG. stick to [a practise or habit]) haftjan,
wv. 1. +dat.; (INTR. join/fit together) ga-ga-tilon, wv. 2., ga-ga-haftjan, wv.
1. - "the whole body fits and joins together" all leik gagatiloth jah gagahaftith;
"join/attach oneself to [e.g. an employer]" ga-haftjan sik, wv. 1. (dat. of employer/master
/ thing being joined); "to be joined/attached/stuck to [e.g. dirt stuck to shoe]"
ga-haftnan, wv. 4. +dat. |
| joined | (connected,
attached) *ga-widans; (joined, bound, captive, subject to, married) hafts; "to
be joined to" ga-haftnan, wv. 4. +dat.; "connectedly, in sequence" ga-hahjo. |
| joint | ga-wiss, sf. |
| joke (n.) | "joking, jesting" saldra, sf.
|
| joke (v.) | "jest about, mock"
bi-mampjan, wv. 1.; "make light of" leihtis brukjan, wv. 1. - bruhta, bruhts;
"amuse" uf-hlohjan, wv. 1. |
| joking (n.) | saldra,
sf. |
| Joseph | Iosef, m. (gen.
Iosefis; dat. Ioseba/Iosefa). |
| jot, iota | jota,
wm. |
| journey (n.) | #fara,
sf.; wratodus, sm.; (way) wigs, sm.; "go a day's journey" qiman dagis wig. |
| journey (v.) | faran, sv. VI., wraton,
wv. 2., ga-leithan, sv. I., gaggjan, wv. 1.; (by boat) farjan, wv. 1. |
| joy | faheths, sf. (gen. fahedais), *%wunja,
sf., audagei, wf., hlasei, wf.; (rejoicing, exaltation) swegnitha, swignitha,
sf. |
| joyful | (cheerful) hlas
(gen. hlasis), wunands, *fahs, #fraus (gen. #frawis), *gails, #glaths (gen. #gladis),
ga-wizneigs; (happy, blessed) audags, auda-hafts; "be joyful" wunan, wv. 3., faginon,
wv. 2., sifan, wv. 3.; "be joyful about/because of" faginon +dat., faginon in
+dat., faginon in +gen., faginon ana +dat.; "be joyful that/because" faginon thammei,
faginon in thammei, sifan ei +subjunctive; "bring glad/joyful tidings" thiuth-spillon,
wv. 2. |
| judge (n.) | staua,
wm. |
| judge (v.) | (all senses)
domjan; (pass judgement, condemn) ga-domjan, wv. 1.; (pass judgement) stojan,
wv. 1.; (examine, investigate, decide by investigation) us-sokjan, wv. 1.; (reckon,
rate, value) rahnjan, ga-rahnjan, wv. 1. |
| judgement
seat | staua-stols, sm. |
| judgement | (legal
judgement, verdict) staua, sf.; (insight/discernment/knowledge, distinction/prestige,
opinion/verdict) doms, sm.; (judgement, opinion, decree) ragin, sn. |
| jug | aurkeis, sm., •kruka, sf. |
| jump | (run, jump) *hlaupan, sv. VII.;
"jump/spring up" us-hlaupan, sv. VII.; "jump for joy, dance" laikan, sv. VII.
|
| junior (adj.) | juhiza, minniza.
|
| junk | (excrement, rubbish)
smarnos, sf.pl. |
| just | (RIGHT,
fair, correct, righteous) ga-raihts; (righteous, perfect) us-waurhts; (ONLY) (adj.)
ainaha, w.adj., ains - "no-one can..., just God" ni manna mag..., alja ains guth;
(adv.) that-ain-ei; (adj./adv.) that-ain - "not just...but also" ni that-ain...ak
jah; "just/only one" silbo ainata. |
| justice | ga-raihtei,
wf., ga-raihtitha, sf.; (act of judgement, verdict) staua, sf. |
| justify | sunjon, wv. 2.; "justify oneself
to" sunjon sik withra +acc. |
| keen | (brave,
eager for action) #funs (gen. #funsis); (desirous) gairns; "to be eager/zealous/envious"
aljanon, wv. 2.; "make keen/jealous" in-aljanon, wv. 2., in aljana briggan, sv.
III. (weal past: brahta, brahts); "make keen, intice, persuade" ga-hwatjan, wv.
1. |
| keenness | (desire) gairnei,
wf.; (envy, zeal) aljan, sn.; (diligence, zeal) us-daudei, wf.; (severity, sharpness)
hwassei, wf. |
| keep | haldan,
ga-haldan, sv. VII.; (hold, take/catch) ga-haban, wv. 3.; (retain) at sis ga-haban,
wv. 3.; "keep back, avoid, refrain" ga-haban sik, wv. 3. - "from" af +dat.; (keep
safe, take into one's care/safekeeping) ga-freidjan, wv. 1.; (keep to, observe
[a fast]) fastan, ga-fastan, wv. 3.; "keep doing" haftjan sik, wv. 1. +dat.; "keep
at/to, stick at, persist in" haftjan sik, wv. 1. (inf.); "keep praying/keep to
prayer" bidai haftjan; (keep, store, keep safe) bairgan, sv. III +dat.; "keep
watch on, guard, observe" witan, wv. 3. +dat.; (hold up, delay) latjan, wv. 1.
- "they wondered what was keeping him" sildaleikidedun hwa latidedi ina. |
| keeping | "in keeping with" bi +dat.;
"in keeping with with what they have done" bi waurstwam ize. |
| kernel | (grain)
kaurno, sn. |
| kettle | katils,
sm.; (cauldron, pot, basin) %hwair, sm. (gen. %hwairis). |
| kid
(n.) | (young goat) gaitein, sn. |
| kill | (kill,
do/put to death) dauthjan, af-dauthjan, ga-dauthjan, wv. 1.; (slaughter, kill,
cut down) af-slahan, sv. VI, af-sneithan, uf-sneithan, sv. I; (kill, destroy)
us-qiman, sv. IV. +acc. or +dat.; (annihilate, destroy) us-qistjan, wv. 1 +acc.
or +dat.; (murder) maurthrjan, wv. 1. |
| killer | mana-maurthrja,
wm. |
| killing (n.) | (slaughter)
slauhts, sf.; (death, excecution) dautheins, sf.; (murder) maurthr, *mana-maurthr,
sn. |
| kin | (family) kuni, sn.;
(lineage) fadreins, knoths, sf. (gen. knodais); (nation, tribe, people, ethnicity)
thiuda, sf.; (tribe, race) •slahta, sf. |
| kind
(adj.) | (nice) *mildeis, mikil-mildeis, sels (i-stem); (merciful)
arma-hairts, bleiths (i-stem, gen. bleithis); (tender) hnasqus, thlaqus. |
| kind (n.) | (kin, type) kuni, sn.; "mankind"
mana-seths, sf. (gen. mana-sedais); "what kind of" hwi-leiks; "she wondered to
herself what kind of greeting this could be" thahta sis hwileika wesi so goleins;
"in all kinds of distress" in allom aglom; "this kind [of demon] can only come
out with prayer and fasting" thata kuni in waihtai ni mag usgaggan niba in bidai
jah fastubni. |
| 'kinda' | (rather,
somewhat) hwa. |
| kindle | tandjan,
wv. 1. |
| kindly | waila; "think
well/kindly" waila hugjan, wv. 1. |
| kindness | (kindness,
gentleness) milditha, sf.; (gentleness, softness) muka-modei, wf.; (meekness,
gentleness) qairrei, wf.; (kindness, goodness) *selei, wf.; (mercy) arma-hairtitha,
sf., bleithei, wf. |
| king | thiudans,
sm.; "King Constantine" Kustanteinus thiudans; "to rule as king over" thiudanon
ufar, wv. 2. +dat. |
| kingdom | thiudinassus,
sm., (kingdom, palace, court) thiudan-gardi, sf., reiki, sn. |
| kinsman | (male
relative or cousin) nithjis, ga-nithjis, sm. |
| kinsman | nithjis,
sm. |
| kinswoman | (female relative
or cousin) nithjo, wf. |
| kiss (n.) | frijons,
sf. |
| kiss (v.) | kukjan, sv.
I. +dat.; (repeatedly) bi-kukjan, wv. 1. +acc. |
| knapsack | (for
food) mati-balgs, sm. (i-stem). |
| knead | deigan,
sv. I. |
| knee | kniu, sn. |
| kneel | knussjan kniwam, kniwa lagjan,
wv. 1. |
| knife | (long knife,
single-edge hacking sword) #sahs, sm. (gen. #sahsis). |
| knit | (plait)
*flaihtan, sv. III.; (weave) us-windan, sv. III. |
| knock
(n.) | (a blow, stroke, hit) slahs, sm. (i-stem); (wound, blow)
banja, sf.; (slap) slahs lofin. |
| knock (v.) | (strike)
slahan, sv. VI.; (smite, push) stautan, sv. VII.; (beat) bliggwan, sv. III.; (slap)
kaupatjan, wv. 1. - kaupasta, kaupatiths; (hit in the face, punish) wlizjan, wv.
1.; (beat, strike) •biutan, sv. II.; (knock, touch) •tukkon, wv. 2.; (smite, push)
stautan, sv. VII.; (push, thrust at, attack) stigqan, sv. III; (bump into, collide
with) bi-stigqan, sv. III.; "knock down, push over, cause to fall" af-drausjan,
ga-drausjan, wv. 1. |
| know | (FACTS,
etc.) witan, pp. - wait, witum, wissa; (BE ACQUAINTED/FAMILIAR WITH, understand)
kunnan, pp. - kann, kunnum, kuntha; (UNDERSTAND, perceive, think, recognise) frathjan,
sv. VI. +dat.; (understand, be familiar with, KNOW WHAT IT'S LIKE) *leisan, pp.
- lais, *lisum, *lissa; (come to know, understand, find out) finthan, sv. III.;
(REALISE) uf-kunnan, (present as wv. 3., pret. almost always strong: uf-kuntha,
but one example each of weak pret. and past part.: uf-kunnaida, uf-kunnaidai).
|
| knowledge | (knowledge, familiarity)
kunthi, sn.; (understanding, recognition) uf-kunthi, sn.; (factual knowledge)
witubni, sn.; (judgement, opinion) doms, sm.; (good sense, intelligence) *witi,
sn. |
| known | kunths, wiss;
(famous) *mereis; (well-known, evident) us-kunths; (known openly) swi-kunths -
"for his name had become well known" swikunth allis warth namo is; "make known"
kannjan, ga-kannjan, kunthjan, wv. 1., ga-sweran, wv. 3., ga-swikunthjan, wv.
1., ga-teihan, sv. I. |
| label (n.) | ufar-meli,
sn. |
| label (v.) | (entitle)
ufar-meljan, wv. 1. |
| labour (n.) | (working,
toil) arbaiths, sf. (gen. arbaidais); (a labour, a work/deed) waurstw, sn.; "be
in labour, giving birth" fitan, sv. V. |
| labour
(v.) | (toil) arbaidjan, wv. 1; (work, do, make) waurkjan,
wv. 1. - waurhta, waurhts. |
| labourer | waurstwja,
wm., waurstwa, wm. |
| lace | •nastilo,
wf. |
| lack (n.) | (shortage)
gaidw, sn. +gen., wan, sn. +gen., waninassus, sm.; (need) tharba, sf.; "I have
a lack of that" wan this ist mis. |
| lack (v.) | (lack,
need) thaurban, pp. +gen. - tharf, thaurbum, thaurfta; "they are lacking that"
wan this ist im. |
| lacking (adj.) | wans
+gen. - "they are lacking that" wan this ist im; ga-tarniths - "in whom truth
is lacking" at thaimei gatarnith ist sunja. |
| lad | (boy)
magus, sm., magula, wm.; (child of either sex) barn, sn. barnilo, wn.; (youth)
jugga-lauths, sm. (i-stem, gen. -laudis). |
| lade | hlathan,
wv, VI. |
| lake | saiws, sm.
(i-stem). |
| lamb | withrus,
sm. |
| lame | halts. |
| lament | gaunon, wv. 2., *flokan, sv.
VII., •wainjan, wv. 1., •wainon, wv. 2.; (loudly) wai-fairhwjan, wv. 1.; (weep,
mourn) gretan, sv. VII., hiufan, sv. II., qainon, wv. 2. |
| lamentable | (miserable,
wretched, pathetic) wainahs. |
| lamentation | gaunothus,
sm. |
| lamp | (lantern) skeima,
wm.; (candle, light) lukarn, sn. |
| land (n.) | (country)
land, sn.; (district, side) fera, sf.; (district) gawi, sn.; (district, inhabitants
thereof) gaujans (wm. pl.); (earth) airtha, sf.; (native land) ga-baurths, sf.;
(lands attached to homestead) haimothli, sn.; (nation, tribe) thiuda, sf.; (kingdom,
palace) thiudan-gardi, sf.; (empire, kingdom, state) reiki, sn.; (shore) staths,
sm. (gen. stathis); (lands, estates) hugs, sn.?, thaurp, sn. |
| land
(v.) | (dock, put into port, arrive by boat) at-farjan, wv.
1. |
| lane | (path, road) gagg,
sn., staiga, sf., wigs, sm.; (footprint, tracks, trail, step) laists, sm., (i-stem);
(rough track) us-drusts, sf. |
| language | razda,
sf.; "speak a language" razdai rodjan, wv. 1. |
| lantern | skeima,
wm. |
| lap | barms, sm. (i-stem).
|
| large | mikils. |
| larger | maiza; "become larger" bi-auknan,
wv. 4. |
| largest | maists. |
| lark (n.) | (bird) •lawairka, sf. |
| lasciviousness | aglaiti, wf. |
| lass | magaths (gen. magathais), mawi,
taleitha, sf., mawilo, wf. |
| lassitude | latei,
wf. |
| lasso (n.) | (snare, noose)
wruggo, wf.; (rope) *sail, sn. |
| last (adj.) | (final,
latest) aftuma, aftumists, spedists, spedumists; (hindmost) hindumists; (previous)
fairna, w.adj.; "last year" fairnin jera, sn.dat. - "from/since last year" af/fram
fairnin jera; "at last" bi spedistin; "to the last" und andi; "on the great last
day of the feast" in spedistin daga thamma mikilin dulthais. |
| last
(v.) | (remain, abide, dwell, continue to be) wisan, thairh-wisan,
sv. V.; (be, exist) wisan, irreg. - "they remain to this day, are still here/alive"
sind und hita; (remain in place/condition, come to a stop, stay standing still,
abide, stand fast) ga-standan, sv. VI. |
| late | seithus.
|
| later | spediza; (afterwards)
afar thata. |
| latrine | (toilet/sewer,
sunrise) ur-runs, sm. (i-stem, gen. ur-runsis). |
| laugh | hlahjan,
sv. VI.; (laugh at) bi-hlahjan, sv. VI.; "to make somone laugh, cause to laugh,
be cause for celebration" hlohjan, wv. 1. |
| lavatory | (toilet/sewer,
sunrise) ur-runs, sm. (i-stem, gen. ur-runsis). |
| law | witoth,
sn. (gen. witodis); (the laws) #bi-lagineis, f.pl.; "mother-in-law" swaihro, wf.;
"father-in-law" swaihra, wm.; "daughter-in-law" •snuza, sf. (Crim. schuos 'bride',
cf. OE snoru); "son-in-law" megs, sm. (=Gk. gambros 'son/father-in law', cf. ON
mágr 'son/father/brother-in-law', OE maeg 'kinsman, son' also in poetry 'kinswoman');
"establish as a law/rule/guideline" stiurjan, wv. 1.; "impose/lay down as a law"
bi-lagjan, wv. 1. |
| law-abiding | in-witoths
(gen. in-witodis); "following Christ's law" inwitoths Xristaus; (upright, moral,
law-abiding) *sibjis. |
| lawful | *witodeigs;
"it is lawful, permitted" bi-nah. |
| lawfully | witodeigo.
|
| lawless | witoda-laus, un-sibjis;
(riotous) us-stiurs (i-stem). |
| law-teacher | witoda-laisareis,
sm. |
| lawyer | witoda-fasteis,
sm. |
| lay | (lay/set down, place,
put) lagjan, ga-lagjan, at-lagjan, ana-lagjan, satjan, ga-satjan, wv. 1.; "lay
your hand upon her" atlagei handu theina ana ija; "lay out, lay on, stretch something
out" us-lagjan, wv. 1.; "lay hold of" und-greipan, sv. I., ga-haban, wv. 3.; "lower,
lay down" ana-hnaiwjan, wv. 1.; "lay a foundation" ga-suljan, wv. 1. |
| laying (n.) | "a laying aside" af-lageins,
sf.; "a laying on" ana-lageins, sf. |
| laziness | latei,
wf. |
| lazy | lats; (listless,
fatigued) us-grudja, w.adj. |
| lead | (lead,
draw, guide) tiuhan, ga-tiuhan, sv. II.; (bring, lead) briggan, sv. III. - brahta,
brahts; (guide) •weiton, wv. 2.; "lead out, drive forth, perform, perfect" us-tiuhan,
sv. II.; "to lead astray" airzjan, af-airzjan, wv. 1.; "lead around, wander around/through"
bi-tiuhan, sv. II. |
| leader |
faura-mathleis, faur-stasseis, sm.; (governor) kindins, sm.;
(councellor, governor) ragineis, sm.; (king) thiudans, reiks, m. (cons.stem.);
(emperor) kaisar, sm.; (lord, master) frauja; (master) *waldands, (in compounds)
-faths, sm. (i-stem, gen. fadis).; (ruler) fraujinonds, m.; "leader of troop/group/band
of soldiers" •skarja, wm.; "leaders, leading men" thai frumistans, wm. adj.
pl. |
| leadership | faura-mathli,
sn. |
| leading | "leading/chief
men" thai frumistans, wm. adj. pl. |
| leaf | laufs,
sm. (gen. laubis). |
| lean (v.) | *halthan,
wv. 1. |
| leaning (adj.) | *halths.
|
| leap | "leap/spring up" us-hlaupan,
sv. VII.; "leap/jump for joy" laikan, sv. VII. |
| learn | ga-laisjan
sik, wv. 1.; (learn, get, bring long) ga-niman, sv. IV.; (learn of, get to know)
ga-kunnan, wv. 3.; (find out, hear of) finthan, sv. III.; (ask, learn by enquiry)
ga-fraihnan, sv. V. (gen. of thing, acc. of person asked); (master by practice)
us-throthjan, wv. 1.; (read, learn/teach by reading) ana-kunnan, wv. 3. |
| learned | *tals. |
| least | minnists;
(lowliest) *undar-leis; (lowliest person) undar-leija, wm.; "in the least bit,
at all" allis; "not in the least" ni the haldis, ni allis, ni waihts, ni in waihtai,
ni und waiht; "not the least bit better" ni und waiht iusiza. |
| leather (adj.) | filleins. |
| leather (n.) | fill, sn. |
| leave
(n.) | "take one's leave of" twis-standan, sv. VI.; "bid farewell
to, say hello to" and-qithan, sv. V. +dat. |
| leave
(v.) | (LEAVE REMAINING) bi-laibjan, wv. 1.; (leave remaining/behind,
abandon) bi-leithan, sv. I. +dat. or +acc.; "my coat that I left in Troas" hakul
thanei bilaith in Trauadai; "I will leave this world" bileitha thamma fairhwau;
"why have you left/deserted me" duhwe mis bilaist; "will leave me on my own" mik
ainana bileithith; (1. LEAVE, e.g. the fever left her, ABANDON, DESERT, DIVORCE;
2. GIVE UP, e.g. coat to s-one) af-letan, sv. VII. +acc. of person left behind,
or of object given up, +dat. of recipient if any; "LEAVE OFF, LET US/ME ALONE"
let!, fra-let!; "GIVE LEAVE TO, let, allow" letan, fra-letan, sv. VII. +acc.,
us-laubjan, wv. 1. (dat. for person); (DEPART, GO) ga-leithan, sv. I. "FROM" fairra
+dat. - "they left them and departed into heaven" galithun fairra im in himin;
"go away" af-leithan, af-gaggan, sv. VII.; af-standan, sv. VI., us-hafjan sik,
sv. VI., af-giban sik, sv. V.; "go away elsewhere" af-leithan aljath; (go out/away,
depart, pass/vanish) us-leithan, sv. I.; "leave off, abate" (e.g. convulsions,
demonic possession) af-linnan, sv. III.; "TAKE LEAVE OF" twis-standan, sv. VI.;
"take leave of, say goodbye to, greet" and-qithan, sv. V. +dat. |
| leaven (n.) | (yeast for making bread rise)
beist, sn. |
| leaven (v.) | (add
yeast to make bread rise) beistjan, ga-beistjan, wv. 1. |
| leek | •lauks,
sm. |
| left | hleiduma, w.adj.;
"left hand, left side" hleidumei, wf.; "on the/his/her/my left side" af hleidumein
ferai; "to the left/right of" af hleidumein/taihswon +gen.; "be left over, remain"
af-lifnan, wv. 4. |
| leftovers | laiba,
sf. |
| leg | (tube, pipe, leg)
•agkja, sf. |
| legal | *witodeigs;
"it is legal, permitted" bi-nah. |
| legally | witodeigo.
|
| legend | (myth, fable, story)
spill, sn.; (incription, title) ufar-meli, sf. |
| legion | thusundi, |