machete	#sahs, sm. (gen. #sahsis).
mad	woths (gen. wodis); "act/speak as if mad" dwalmon, wv. 2.
madness	(foolishness, insanity) dwalitha, sf.
magic (adj.)	(hidden, occult) •darneis; "magic wand/staff" #gands, sm.
magic (n.)	(with herbs/potions) lubja-leisei, wf.; (a miracle, a miraculous act, power) mahts, sf.
magnificence	wulthus, sm.
magnificent	wulthags.
magnify	(make great, elevate) mikiljan, ga-mikiljan, wv. 1.; "to be magnified" mikilnan, wv. 4.
magnitude	mikil-duths, sf. (gen. mikil-duthais).
magpie	•agati, sf.
maid	(servant girl) thiwi, *thiwairna, sf.; (girl, maiden) magaths (gen. magathais), mawi, taleitha, sf., mawilo, wf.
maiden	magaths (gen. magathais), mawi, taleitha, sf., mawilo, wf.
maidenhood	magathei, wf.
maimed	(one-handed) hamfs.
main	(first, foremost) frumists; (greatest) maists.
mainly	this-hun.
magestic	wulthags.
majesty	(greatness, immensity) mikilei, wf.; (glory, splendour) wulthus, sm.; (king) thiudans, sm.
majority	thos managistons, wf.pl., thai managistans, wm.pl. (masculine also used as a default for mixed group) "of" +gen.
make	(DO, MAKE) taujan, ga-taujan, ga-lagjan, waurkjan, ga-waurkjan, wv. 1. - waurhta, waurhts; (MOULD) deigan, sv. I.; (BUILD) ga-timrjan, wv. 1.; (FORGE, effect, work, produce) ga-smithon, wv. 2.; (MAKE FREE, SAD, etc.) briggan (+ double acc.) - "the truth will make you free" so sunja frijans izwis briggith; (CREATE, form, shape) skapjan, ga-skapjan, sv. VI.; (COMPEL) baidjan, ga-baidjan, nauthjan, ana-nauthjan, wv. 1.; "to make the people sit" waurkjan thans mans ana-kumbjan; "to make him a king" taujan ina du thiudana; "MAKE DO WITH, cope on, manage on/with, manage/rule" waldan, sv. VII. +dat.; "MAKE KNOWN" kannjan, ga-kannjan, kunthjan, wv. 1., ga-sweran, wv. 3., ga-swikunthjan, wv. 1., ga-teihan, sv. I.; "MAKE OFF WITH" bi-niman, sv. IV.; "MAKE MERRY" bi-wisan, sv. V.; "MAKE ONE'S PEACE WITH" ga-sibjon, wv. 2. +dat.; "MAKE VOID" blauthjan, wv. 1.
make-up	smikwa, sf.
male (adj.)	*gumeins, guma-kunds.
male (n.)	gumein, sn.; (man) guma, wm.; (buck) •bukks, sm.
malefactor	un-sibjis, ubil-tojis, fra-waurhts, sm., missa-taujands, m.; (criminal) wai-dedja, wm.
malfunction (v.)	(go amiss) fra-rinnan, sv. III.
malice	neith (gen. neithis), hatis, sn. (gen. *hatizis), balwa-weisei, wf.; (nastiness, deceit) •bausei, wf.
malicious	balwa-weis, •bauseis.
mall	(street, market) ga-runs, sf. (gen. ga-runsais).
maltreat	(do violence to, damage, injure, revile) ana-mahtjan, wv. 1.; (ill-treat, make ashamed) aiwiskon, ga-aiwiskon, wv. 2.
mammon	(insulting name for riches) mammona, wm.
man	(person) manna, wm. (acc.sg. mannan, dat.sg. mann, gen.sg. mans, nom./acc.pl. mans/mannans, gen.pl. manne, dat.pl. mannam); (man) wair, sm.; (man, male) guma, wm.; (husband) aba, wm (pl. abnans); "young man" jugga-lauths, sm. (i-stem, gen. -laudis); (diminutive) gumein, sn.; "to a man, all of them" alakjo.
manacle	naudi-bandi, sf.
manage	(control/govern [people], make do with, manage - e.g. money/household) waldan, sv. VII. +dat.; (supervise, precede) faura-gaggan, sv. VII. (+dat.=manage) - iddja, gaggans; (supervise, be present) faura-standan, sv. VI.; (cope) fra-bairan, sv. IV.; (thrive) theihan, sv. I.; (achieve) •laiston, wv. 2.; (reach, attain, arrive at) ga-tilon, wv. 2.; (win fight) ga-jiukan, wv. 3.; (finish, perform, perfect, lead/drive up/out) us-tiuhan, sv. II.
management	(stewardship) faura-gaggi, sn.
manager	(steward, superintendent) faura-gagga, faura-gaggja, wm.; (director, head, supervisor) faur-stasseis, sm.
mandate (v.)	(issue directive, set in order) raidjan, wv. 1.
mange	(itch, scabies) •rappa, sf.
manger	uz-eta, wm., •kribja, sf.
manifest (adj.)	swi-kunths; (clear) skeirs; (bright, clear, evident) bairhts; (well-known, evident, manifest) us-kunths.
manifest (v.)	ga-bairhtjan, wv. 1.
manifestation	ga-bairhteins, sf.
manifestly	swi-kunthaba.
mankind	mana-seths, sf. (gen. mana-sedais).
manly	(male) gumeins, guma-kunds; (manly) *waira-leiks; (in a manly way) waira-leiko.
manner	(way of doing) haidus, sm., •weisa, sf.; "in the same manner/way, likewise" thammuh samin haidau; "in every manner of difficulty" in allom aglom; "what manner/sort of" hwi-leiks; "she wondered to herself what manner of greeting this could be" thahta sis hwileika wesi so goleins.
manor	(free estate, allodium) #alauths, sm. (gen. #alaudis).
mansion	salithwos, sf.pl.
manure	(dung, dung-hill) maihstus, sm.; (excrement, rubbish) smarnos, sf.pl.
manuscript	maimbrana, wm.
many	manags; "how many, however many" hwaiwa manags, hwan manags; "as many as" swa manags swe, swa filu +gen. swe; "many people, a crowd, the many/masses, the multitude" managei, wf., filusna, sf.; "very many people" manageins filu, wf.gen.sg.
manyfold	manag-falths.
mar	(stain) ana-wammjan, wv. 1.; (spoil) fra-wardjan, riurjan, wv. 1.
mardy	(angry) modags.
margin	(border, boundary, coast) marka, sf.; (edge) •randa, sf.
marginal	"marginal gloss" (meaning, significance, importance) wulthrs, sf.
mark (n.)	(STAIN) wamm, sn.; (PEN-STROKE) writs, striks, sm. (Both i-stems); (WRITING) mel, sn.; (SIGN) taikns, bandwa, sf., bandwo, wf.; (TARGET) mundrei, wf.; (mark of puncture WOUND, e.g. of nail) staks, sm. (i-stem).
mark (v.)	(make a mark on) •markon, wv. 2.; (stain) ana-wammjan, wv. 1.; (notice, observe, heed) and-saihwan, sv. III.; (heed, beware) at-saihwan, sv. III. +gen. or at-saihwan faura +dat.; (aim at, pay attention to) mundon, wv. 2. +acc.; (notice, start to see, see after blindness) us-saihwan, sv. III.; (heed, obey) uf-hausjan wv. 1. +dat.; "mark out" (point/single out, note, censure) ga-tarhjan, wv. 1.
marked	"marked out, censured" ga-tarhiths; "marked for death, condemned" dauthu-bleis.
market	mathl, sn.
market-place	mathl, sn.; (market-place, street) ga-runs, sf. (gen. ga-runsais).
marriage	liuga, sf.
married	*liugaiths; (to a wife) qeniths.
marry	(get married to) ga-liugan, wv. 3. +acc.; (get married to a woman) *qenjan, wv. 1.
marsh	(or lake) saiws, sm. (i-stem); (mire, muck) *sauljo, wf.; (mud) fani, sn.
marshland	(or lake) saiws, sm. (i-stem).
marten	marthus, sm.
martyr	martyr, sm. (gen.pl. martyre, in Bible; acc.pl. martyrans, in Codex Venonensia; gen.pl. marytre = *martyre, in Calendar).
marvel (n.)	(a wonder, miracle) faura-tani, *silda-leik, sn., (sign, token, miracle) taikns, sf.
marvel (v.)	(marvel) silda-leikjan, wv. 1.; (be stunned, astonished, shaken) af-slauthnan, wv. 4., us-geisnan, wv. 4., bi-abrjan, wv. 1.
marvelous	silda-leiks.
Mary	(mother of Jesus) Maria, sf.; (otherwise) Marja, sf.
mask	•greima, sf.
mass	(weight, burden) kauritha, sf., kaurei, wf.; (burden) baurthei, wf.; "round mass, lump of something" kruppa, sf.; "heap, crowd" hiuhma, wm.; "the masses, the public/multitude" filusna, sf.sg.; (assembled community) ga-mainths, sf.
mast	•masts, sm.
master (n.)	(lord) frauja, wm.; (ruler, manager) *waldands, m.; (of household) garda-waldands, sm., heiwa-frauja, wm.; (in compounds) -faths, sm. (i-stem, gen. -fadis); (teacher) laisareis, sm., talzjands, m.; (expert) *fasteis, sm.; "master/expert of law, lawyer" witoda-fasteis, sm.
master (v.)	(through practice) us-throthjan, wv. 1.; (tame) ga-tamjan, wv. 1.; (subjugate) uf-hnaiwjan, wv. 1.
mastery	(lordship) fraujinassus, sm.; (authority, might) waldufni, sn.; (knowledge, familiarity) kunthi, sn.; (cleverness, skill, wisdom) handugei, wf.; "exercise mastery over" ga-fraujinon +dat., wv. 2.
masticulate	(grind/gnash with teeth) kriustan, sv. II.
masticulation	(gnashing, grinding) krusts, sm. (i-stem).
match	"equal" ibna-leiks; "the same" sama-leiks; "their testimony did not match either" ni swa samaleika was weitwoditha ize.
matching	sama-leiks.
mate	(comrade) ga-hlaiba, ga-juka, ga-sinthja, ga-sintha, #ga-salja, wm., ga-man, sn.; (wife) qens, sf.; (husband) aba, wm.
matter (n.)	"in this matter" thamma toja; "as a matter of fact, actually" raihtis, swe-thauh; "it is of no matter to me" ni waiht mis wulthrais ist.
matter (v.)	"it doesn't matter to me" ni waiht mis wulthrais ist.
maturation	(of person) us-wahsts, sf.
mature (adj.)	(in understanding) fulla-weis.
mature (v.)	(ripen, bear fruit) ga-wrisqan, sv. III.; (grow up, become adult) us-wahsjan, wv. 1.
maw (mouth)	*mul, sn.
maximum	(most, greatest number) managists.
maybe	(perhaps) aufto, waitei (both +indicative); "it may/could be" mag wesi; (rhetorical or emphatic: maybe, maybe even/actually) ibai aufto +indicative (cf. J 7,26 & 2Cor 1,17); "lest, so as not to, lest perhaps" ibai aufto +subjunctive; (then, in that case, then maybe" thau.
me	(acc.) mik; (dat.) mis.
mead	#midus.
meadow	winja, sf.; (meadow, paradise) waggs, sm.; (field, hunt) •waitha, sf.
meal	(food) mats, sm. (i-stem); "evening meal" nahta-mats (i-stem); (breakfast, dinner) undaurni-mats, (i-stem); (feast, banquet, party) dauhts, sf., ga-baur, sm.; (groats, grain, coarse meal) •gruts, sm.
mean (adj.)	(malicious) •bauseis; (wicked, unkind) un-sels; (barbaric, cruel) un-mana-riggws; (evil, bad, ill) ubils; (fierce) *grimms, *in-grimjis.
mean (v.)	(indicate, signal) taiknjan, us-taiknjan, bandwjan, wv. 1.; (intend) munan, wv. 3.; (which means) that-ei skeirjada; (which is [to say]) that-ei ist...; "it means nothing to me, it matters naught to me" ni waiht mis wulthrais ist.
meaning	(importance, signifinace, meaning of a word, etc.) wulthrs, sf.
meaningful	wulthrs.
means	manwitha, sf. - "have the means to" manwitho haban du ('manwitho' is in gen.pl. here); "by means of" thairh +acc., bi +dat.; "with, using, by means of" (thing used in dat.); "without means, destitute" un-leths (gen. *un-ledis); "by no means, not at all" ni waihtai, ni in waihtai, ni allis, ni the haldis.
meantime	(simultaneously, at the same time) *bijands; "and at the same time" bijandz-uth-than.
meanwhile	(simultaneously, at the same time) *bijands; "and at the same time" bijandz-uth-than.
measure (v.)	mitan, sv. V.; "measure/mete out, apportion" ga-mitan, sv. V.
measure (n.)	mitaths, f. (gen. pl. mitade), mitadjo, wf., mela, wm.; "without measure, inordinately" inu mitath.
measurelessly	inu mitath.
meat	(flesh) mims, sn.; (food in general) fodeins, sf., mats, sm. (i-stem); "at the meat-market, at the butchers'" at skiljam.
mediate	*midumon, wv. 2.
mediation	*midumons, sf.; (intercession) liteins, sf.
mediator	midumonds, m.
medic	lekeis, sm.
medicine	(drug, herb) *lubi, sn.
meek	(humble, lowly) hnaiws, hauns (?i-stem: OE hean, OHG honi, MLG hön/höne); (humble, humbled, downcast) hnaiwiths.
meekness	qairrei, wf.
meet	ga-motjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (meet together) ga-lisan sik, sv. V. ga-qiman, sv. IV.; "go to meet" withra-gaggan, sv. VII. +acc. - withra-iddja, withra-gaggans; withra-ga-motjan, wv. 1.; (meet with, encounter) bi-gitan, sv. V.
meeting-place	*mathl, sn.
melt	(intr.) *miltan, sv. III.; (trans.) *maltjan, *ga-maltjan, wv. 1.
melting (n.)	ga-malteins, sf.
member	(of community) ga-mainja, wm.; (participant, partner, sharer) ga-daila, sm.; (limb, bodily member) lithus, sm.; "member of household" ga-dauka, wm., in-gardja, wm., in-kunds (adj.).
memory	ga-minthi, sn., ga-munds, ga-maudeins, sf.; "in memory of her" du gamundai izos; "[to the] memory of the martyrs" gaminthi martyre.
menace	us-thriutan, sv. II. +dat.
mend	aftra ga-botjan, aftra ga-satjan, wv. 1.
mental	(of the mind) ga-hugdais, sf.gen.sg.; (mad) woths (gen. wodis).
mentally	ga-hugdai (sf.dat.sg. used instrumentally/adverbially).
mention	(say, tell) qithan, sv. V.; (remind) ga-maudjan, wv. 1.; "not to mention the daily work I do besides that" inuh tho afar thata arbaiths meina sinteina.
merciful	arma-hairts, bleiths (i-stem, gen. bleithis).
mercy	arma-hairtei, wf., arma-hairtitha, sf., armaio, wf., bleithei, wf.; "have mercy on" arman, wv. 3. +acc. - "have mercy on me!" armai mik!; "Lord have mercy!" frauja armais! (Recorded in various garbled forms as a prayer of the Arians (Vandals) in North Africa: Sihora armen, Shroia armen, Kuroia armes, Fhrota/Froti armes - see Streitberg §15.5b).
merit	godei, wf.
merry	(happy) hlas (gen. hlasis), wunands, *fahs, #fraus (gen. #frawis), *gails, #glaths (gen. gladis); "to make merry, feast/party, celebrate" bi-wisan, sv. V.; "to be happy" wunan, wv. 3.; "cause to be merry" gailjan, wv. 1.; "amuse" uf-hlohjan, wv. 1.
merrymaking	(feast, meal with guests) dauhts, sf., ga-baur, sm.
message	#sanda, sf.; (document, letter, book) bokos, sf.pl.; (message of preaching, listening, doctrine) hauseins, sf.; (story, fable, news) spill, sn.; "good news" thiuth-spill, sn.; (letter/epistle) aipistaule, sf. (dat.sg. aipistaulem, acc.pl. aipistulans).
messenger	airus, sm.; "to be a messenger" airinon, wv. 2.
messiah	xristus, sm.; "false messiah" ga-liuga-xristus, sm.
meta-	(over, above, beyond) ufar-
metaphor	(image, example) fri-sahts, sf.; (parable) ga-juko, wf.
metaphorical	alja-leikoths.
metaphorically	in fri-sahtai, in ga-jukom.
mete out	(measure out, apportion) ga-mitan, sv. V.
method	(MANNER, way of doing) haidus, sm., •weisa, sf. - "in every way/manner" allaim haidum; "thammuh samin haidau" in the same way; "somehow, in some way, by some means" hwaiwa; (CUSTOM, practice, normal way of doing) sidus, sm., bi-uhti, sn.
meticulous	(accuarate, careful, exact) *glaggwus.
meticuously	glaggwuba, glaggwaba.
middle (adj.)	(the middle) midjis (always declined strong).
middle (n.)	(THE MIDDLE, THE MIDST) midjis (adj., always declined strong); "in the middle of the feast/festival" ana midjai dulth; "going out/disappearing through their midst" usleithands thairh midjans ins; "sitting in the midst of the teachers" sitjandan ana midjaim laisarjam; "the demon throwing him down in the middle [of them]" wairpands ina sa unhultha ana midjaim; "he went through the middle of Samaria and Galilee" thairhiddja thairh midja Samarian jah Galeilaian; "he placed it in the middle of them: gasatida ita in midjaim im; "in the middle/midst, BETWEEN" in midumai, ana midumai +gen.
middle-earth	midjun-gards, sm. (i-stem).
midst	(THE MIDDLE, THE MIDST) midjis (adj., always declined strong); "in the middle of the feast/festival" ana midjai dulth; "going out/disappearing through their midst" usleithands thairh midjans ins; "sitting in the midst of the teachers" sitjandan ana midjaim laisarjam; "the demon throwing him down in the midst [of them]" wairpands ina sa unhultha ana midjaim; "he went through the middle of Samaria and Galilee" thairhiddja thairh midja Samarian jah Galeilaian; "he placed it in the middle of them: gasatida ita in midjaim im; "in the middle/midst, BETWEEN" in midumai, ana midumai +gen.
might	(might, power, strength, virtue, miracle, ability) mahts, sf.; (power, might, strength) swinthei, wf., #thruthi, sf. (gen. #thruthjos); (authority) waldufni, sn.; (power, tyranny) ana-mahts; (greatness) mikil-duths, sf. (gen. mikil-duthais).
mightiest ruler, the	reikista, wm.
mightily	abraba, mikilaba.
mighty	(extreme) abrs; (powerful, able, possible) mahteigs; "the mighty" thai mahteigans; (big, great) mikils, (great) #airmans; (powerful, important) reikeis; (strong, healthy) swinths.
mighty	mahteigs.
mild	(kind, generous) *mildeis, friathwa-mildeis; (gentle, meek) qairrus; (soft) hnasqus, thlaqus; (gentle, pleasant) •lintheis; (soft) •leiseis; (small, slight) leitil.
mildness	(kindness, gentleness) milditha, sf.; (kindness, gentleness, softness) muka-modei, wf.; (meekness, gentleness) qairrei, wf.; (kindness, goodness) *selei, wf.
mile	rasta, sf.
military	"do military service" driugan, sv. II., drauhtinon, militon, wv. 2.; "military discipline/service/campaign" drauhti-witoth, sn. (gen. drauhti-witodis).
milk	miluks, f.
mill (n.)	(mill-stone) *qairnus, sf.
mill (v.)	(grind) malan, sv. VI.
mill-stone	asilu-qairnus, *qairnus, sf.
mimic	(resemble, imitate) ga-leikon, wv. 2.; "imitating his works" galeikondan jainis waurstwam; "galeikonds thamma" imitating him.
mind	(reasoning faculty, understanding, mind as opposed to body) ga-hugds, sf., hugs, sm. (i-stem); (understanding, perception, viewpoint, disposition) frathi, sn.; (awareness, consciousness) aha, wm.; (emotional mind, soul, heart) saiwala, sf., hairto, wn.; "never mind" ni karos (2.sg.); "be of like mind" thata samo frathjan/hugjan.
mindful	(aware) kunnands; (thoughtful, consciencious) anda-thahts; (sober, sensible) in-ahs; (rational) *ga-frathjis; (alert) un-skaus.
mindless	(foolish, uncomprehending) un-frathjands.
mine	(my own) meina; (den, hole, cave, ?mine) groba, sf.
minister	(POLITICAL) (councellor, governor)) ragineis, sm.; (RELIGIOUS) papa, weiha, gudja, wm.
minister (v.)	(minister to, serve) and-bahtjan, wv, I.; (be a priest) gudjinon, wv. 2.
ministry	(service) and-bahti, sn., (priesthood) gudjinassus, sm.
minute	(MOMENT) stiks, sm.; "MOMENT IN TIME" stiks melis; "THE PRESENT MOMENT" so nu hweila, thata and-wairtho; "UP UNTIL THIS MOMENT" und hita nu, und tho nu hweila; "NOT FOR A MOMENT" ni hweilohun.
miracle	(feat) mahts, sf.; (sign) bandwa, sf., bandwo, wf.; (sign, wonder) faura-tani, sn., taikns, sf.; (wonder) *silda-leik, sn.; "they had seen the miracles he performed for the sick" gasehwun taiknins thozei gatawida bi siukaim.
miraculous	silda-leiks.
mire	(marsh, lake) saiws, sm.; (mud) fani, sn.; (mire, muck) *sauljo, wf.
mirk (n.)	riqis, sn. (gen. riqizis); !mairqr, sn.
mirky	riqizeins, !mairqeis; "grow murky, get dark" riqizjan, wv. 1.
mirror	skuggwa, sm.
mis-	missa-.
misappropriate	(steal) hlifan, sv. V., stilan, sv. IV., bi-niman, sv. IV.
miscellaneous	missa-leiks.
misdeed	missa-deths, sf. (gen. -dedais).
miserable	(woeful, wretched, sad, pathetic) wainahs; (sad, sullen) gaurs; (unhappy, discontented) un-wunands.
misguided	(misled) airzeis; (foolish) dwals.
mislead	airzjan, af-airzjan, wv. 1.
misled	airzeis.
miscariage	(ejection, reject, cast-off) us-waurpa, sf.
miss (v.)	(lose) fra-liusan, sv. II +dat.
missed (adj.)	(longed-for) lustu-sama, w.adj.
missing	(LOST) fra-lusans; "be lost/missing" fra-lusnan, wv. 4.; (LACKING) wans +gen. - "they are lacking that" wan this ist im; ga-tarniths - "in whom truth is lacking" at thaimei gatarnith ist sunja.
mission	apaustaulei, wf.
mist	!nibls, sm.
mistake	(be in error) airzeis wisan, irreg.; (fall into error) airzeis wairthan, sv. III.; "to cause to err" airzjan, af-airzjan, wv. 1.; (behave wrongly/mistakenly) us-wiss us-mitan, sv. V.
mistaken	airzeis.
mistreat	(ill-treat, make ashamed) aiwiskon, ga-aiwiskon, wv. 2.; (do violence to, damage, injure, revile) ana-mahtjan, wv. 1.; (revile, insult) lauan, sv. VII. ga-naitjan, wv. 1.; (curse) fra-qithan, sv. V.; (harm by lies/slander) holon, wv. 2.; (beat) bliggwan, sv. III.; (torture) balwjan, wv. 1.
misuse	(an object) !missa-brukjan, wv. 1. - !missa-bruhta, !missa-bruhts; ABUSE (a person): (ill-treat, make ashamed) aiwiskon, ga-aiwiskon, wv. 2.; (revile, insult) lauan, sv. VII. ga-naitjan, wv. 1.; (curse) fra-qithan. sv. V.; (victimise, slander) holon, wv. 2.; (beat) bliggwan, sv. III.; (torture) balwjan, wv. 1.
mitigate	(soothe) •linthjan, wv. 1.; (unburdon, alleviate debts for) *un-kaurjan, wv. 1.
mix	blandan, sv. VII. (including mix with people).
mock	(ridicule) bi-hlahjan, sv. VI, bi-laikan, sv. VII., bi-mampjan, •skairnjan, wv. 1.; (heckle) •hakiljan, wv. 1.; (insult) lauan, sv. VII., ga-naitjan, wv. 1.; (curse) fra-qithan, sv. V.
mode	(manner, way of doing) haidus, sm., •weisa, sf.; (custom, practice, normal way of doing) sidus, sm., bi-uhti, sn.; "mode of behaviour" us-met, sn.
model (n.)	(molded figure, clay model) ga-digis, sn.
modern	(modern day, comtemporary) nu (indecl.).
modesty	ga-riudei, wf.
modify	"alter, transform, change, exchange" maidjan, in-maidjan, wv. 1.; "become, be modified into" wairthan, sv. III. - "that sorrow of yours will change into joy" so saurga izwara du fahedai wairthith.
moist	*nats, qramms.
moisten	natjan, wv. 1.
moistness	qrammitha, sf.
moisture	qrammitha, sf.
mole (animal)	•mulus, sm.
mole ('spot')	*mail, sn. (only found as gen.pl.: maile).
molest	(do violence to, damage, injure, revile) ana-mahtjan, wv. 1.
moment	stiks, sm.; "MOMENT IN TIME" stiks melis; "THE BLINK OF AN EYE" augins brahw, sn.; "THE PRESENT MOMENT" so nu hweila, thata and-wairtho; "UP UNTIL THIS MOMENT" und hita nu, und tho nu hweila; "NOT FOR A MOMENT" ni hweilohun.
momentary	(TRANSIENT) (transient, fickle, changeable) hweila-hwairbs; (passing, destructable) ga-taurnands; (perishable, mortal) riurs (i-stem).
money	aiz, sn., skatts, sm.; (wealth, cattle) faihu, sn.
money-box	arka, sf.
money-changer	skattja, wm.
money-lending	wokrs, sm.
moneyless	(poor, destitute) un-leths (gen. *un-ledis), tharba, ala-tharba, w. adj.
monster	(demon, evil spirit, supernatural creature) skohsl, sn., un-hultho, wf., un-hultha, wm.; (beast) un-biari, sn.; (elf) albs, sm.
monstrous	(demonic, unholy, sinister) *un-hulths; (disgusting, repulsive) anda-sets (i-stem); (obscene) aglait(i)- (forms compounds).
month	menoths, m. (dat.pl. menothum); "on the 25th day of the month of Elul" .e. jah .k. daga *menothis *Alulis.
monument	(tomb) aurahi, sf.
mood	"bad mood, anger" moths, sm. (gen. modis).
moody	(sullen, sad) gaurs; (angry) modags.
moon	mena, wm.; "full moon" fulleiths, ?sf. (gen. pl. fullithe, acc.sg. 'fullness' [of corn] fulleith).
Moor	(an African man) #Maura.
moot (n.)	(assembly) ga-qumths, ga-faurds, sf.; (community, assembled community) ga-mainths, sf.
moot (v.)	"a question/debate was mooted/raised concerning purification" warth bi swiknein sokeins ga-wagida.
moral (adj.)	(consciencious) anda-thahts, *miss-wiss; (upright, law-abiding) *sibjis.
morality	(concience) mith-wissei, wf.
more	(adv.) mais; (adv. & noun) maizo, wn.; (adj. MORE PLENTIFUL) managiza, "MORE THAN" managiza thau; (RATHER) haldis; "RATHER THAN" mais thau; "MUCH MORE" filu mais; "so much the more" und filu mais; "ALL THE MORE" filaus mais, und filu mais; "THE MORE...[SO MUCH] THE MORE" hwan filu...mais thamma; "HOW MUCH the MORE [so]" hwaiwa mais, hwan mais; "NO MORE/LONGER" ni thana-mais, ni thana-seiths, ju-than ni; "I am not worthy ANY MORE" ju thanaseiths ni im wairths; "you will do even MORE THAN I say" jah ufar thatei qitha taujis; "ONCE MORE, again, back" aftra; "GIVE US MORE FAITH, increase our faith" biauk uns galaubein.
moreover	(however, indeed) swe-thauh, ath-than swe-thauh; (indeed, actually) raihtis.
mores	(customs, traditions) bi-uhtja, sn.pl., sidjus, sm.pl.
morning	maurgins, sm.; (early hours, dawn, pre-dawn) uhtwo, wf.; "mid-morning, 9 a.m." *undaurns, sm. (i-stem); "morning meal, breakfast" undaurni-mats, sm. (i-stem).
morose	(sad) gaurs; (musty, mouldy, morose) •mudweins.
morrow	"on the morrow, tomorrow" du maurgina, gistra-dagis.
mortal	*diwans; (perishable) riurs (i-stem); "that which is mortal" thata diwano.
mortality	*diwanei, wf.
mortify	('mortify' the flesh, also 'put to death') dauthjan, wv. 1.
most	(adj.) managists; (noun: the majority) thos managistons, wf.pl., thai managistans, wm.pl.; "at most" maist.
mote	(splinter, small particle) gramst, sn?
moth	malo, wf.
mother	aithei, wf.
mother-in-law	swaihro, wf.
motivate	(persuade, entice) ga-hwatjan, wv. 1.; (urge, be immanent) in-standan, sv. VI.; (stir up, excite) us-wagjan, wv. 1.; (make zealous/jealous, cause to emulate) in aljana briggan, sv. III. (weak past: brahta, brahts).
motivated	(aimed, focused on a goal) *mundrs; (diligent, energetic) us-dauths (gen. us-daudis); "boil over, seethe with enthusiasm" wulan, wv. 4.
motivation	(zeal/willingness, envy) aljan, sn.; (energy, zeal, diligence) us-daudei, wf.; (desire, wish) lustus, sm.; (goal, aim, target) mundrei, wf.
mould (n.)	(mouldiness) •mudw, sn.
mould (v.)	deigan, sv. I.
mouldiness	•mudw, sn.
mouldy	•mudweins; "to go mouldy" •mugan, wv. 3.; "go rotten, be spoilt/ruined, become corrupt/mouldy" riureis wairthan, sv. III.
mount (n.)	(mountain) fairguni, sn., *bairgs, sm.; "the Mount of Olives" fairguni alewjo, thata fairguni alewja-bagme; (horse) aihws, sm.; (steed) •marhs, sm.; "dark horse with white blaze" #bala, wm.
mount (v.)	(climb up) us-steigan, sv. I.; (rise/grow up higher) ufar-steigan, sv. I.
mountain	fairguni, sn., *bairgs, sm.; "the top of the mountain" aumisto this fairgunjis.
mountainous	*bairgahs.
mountains	bairgahei, wf.
mourn	(be sad) ga-hnipnan, wv. 4.; (lament) gaunon, wv. 2.; (weep) gretan, sv. VII.; (weep, mourn) hiufan, sv. II., qainon, wv. 2.
mournful	(sad, sullen) gaurs.
mourning	gaunothus, sm.
mouse	•mus, f.
mouth	munths, sm.; (muzzle, mouth of animal) *mul, sn.
move (v.)	(TRANS. move, shake) wagjan, wv. 1.; (move in space, shift, transplant) mith-satjan, wv. 1.; "be moved with emotion" in-rauhtjan, in-wagjan sik, wv. 1.; "be moved to compassion" in-feinan, wv. 4.; "be deeply moved" in-rauhtjan ahmin, in-wagjan sik silban, in-rauhtjan in sis silbin; "a question/debate was moved/raised concerning purification" warth bi swiknein sokeins ga-wagida.
moved (adj.)	(with emotion) in-rauhtiths.
movement	(movement, waving/shaking) *wageins, sf.; (rush, sudden movement, course, flow, issue of fluid) runs, sm. (i-stem, gen. runsis).
much	(much, very) filu; (much, many) manags; "many things" manag - "he shall suffer much" skal manag gathulan; (greatly) mikilaba; (very much, a great deal) ufarassau; (extremely) abraba; (well, a lot, indeed) waila; "how much" hwan filu; "as much as" swa filu swe; "as much time as, as long as" swa-lauth melis swe.
muck	(mud) fani, sn.; (muck, mire) *sauljo, wf.; (dung) maihstus, sm.; (excrement, refuse) smarnos, sf.pl.
mud	fani, sn., *aurs, sm.
muddy	*aurahs; (of water, turbid) *drobeis.
mulberry tree	baira-bagms, sm.
multicoloured	filu-faihs.
multiple	(various, numerous) manag-falths.
multiplicity	manag-duths, sf. (gen. manag-duthais).
multiply	(TRANS.) "multiply, make increase" managjan, wv. 1.; (INTR.) "abound, grow in number" managnan, wv. 4.
multitude	filusna, sf, hansa, sf., hiuhma, wm., iumjo, managei, wf.; (multitude, mankind, humanity) mana-seths, sf. (gen. mana-sedais); (assembled community) ga-mainths, sf.; "a great multitude of people" manageins filu, wf.gen.sg.
murder (n.)	maurthr, *mana-maurthr, sn.
murder (v.)	maurthrjan, wv. 1.
murderer	mana-maurthrja, wm.
murk (n.)	riqis, sn. (gen. riqizis); !mairqr, sn.
murky	riqizeins, !mairqeis; "grow murky, get dark" riqizjan, wv. 1.
murmur	(against) and-staurran, wv. 3.; (gossip about) bi-rodjan bi, wv. 1.
mushroom	(fungus) swamms, sm. (attested meaning sponge).
music	(song, music) saggws, sm. (i-stem); (song, poem) *liuth, sn.
must (n.)	(need, requirement) tharba, thaurfts, naudi-thaurfts, nauths, sf. (gen. nauthais); (mustiness, mould) •mudw, sn.; (rot, decay) riurei, wf.; (new wine) wein juggata, thata niujo wein, sn.
must (v.)	(must, shall) skulan, pp. - skal, skulum, skulda; (alternatively: ACTIVE, expressed with undeclined neuter past part.) "you must" skuld ist thus +inf.; "you must not, are not permitted to" ni skuld ist thus +inf.; (PASSIVE, with declined part part.) "we must be" weis skuldai sijum +inf.
mustard	sinaps, sm. or sinap, sn.
mustiness	•mudw, sn.
musty	•mudweins.
mutable	(transient, changeable) hweila-hwairbs; (perishable) riurs (i-stem).
mutate	(change, alter, swap) maidjan, in-maidjan, wv. 1.; "mutate/change into, become" wairthan du, sv. III. +dat.
mutation	(change, exchange, transformation, difference) in-maideins, sf.
mute (adj.)	(unable to speak, speechless) dumbs; (unspeaking) un-rodjands; (deaf and dumb, bland and without taste) bauths (gen. baudis); "to become mute" af-dumbnan, af-dobnan, wv. 4, slawan, ga-slawan, ana-slawan, thahan, ga-thahan, ana-silan, wv. 3.
mutilated	(crippled, disabled) ga-maiths (gen. ga-maidis).
mutter	(mutter/gossip about) bi-rodjan, wv. 1.
muzzle (n.)	*mul, sn.
muzzle (v.)	faur-muljan, wv. 1., munth faurwaipjan, wv. 1.
my	meins.
myself	ik silba, wm., ik silbo, wf.
myriad	(adj.) manag-falths; (n.) manag-duths, sf. (gen. manag-duthais).
myrrh	smyrn, sn.
mystery	runa, sf.
mystify	(bewitch, confuse) af-hugjan, wv. 1.
myth	(story, fable) spill, sn.; "old wives' tales" us-althanaizo spilla.
nail (n.)	*nagls.
nail (v.)	ga-nagljan, wv. 1. - "to" du +dat.
naïve	niu-klahs.
naivety	niu-klahei, wf.
naked	naqaths (gen. naqadis).
nakedness	naqadei, wf.
name (n.)	namo, wn. (pl. namna); "to be called by that name" thamma namin haitans wisan; "in my name" in namin meinamma, in namins meinis; "I call on you in the name of God" biswara thuk bi guda; "a priest by the name of Zechariah" gudja namin Zakarias; "to a man/husband by the name of Joseph" abin thizei namo Iosef; "they named him after his father Zakarias" haihaitun ina aftar namin attins is Zakarian.
name (v.)	namnjan, wv. 1.; (call, name) haitan, sv. VII.; (nickname) ga-satjan namo, wv. 1.
napkin	fana, sm.
nard	nardus, sm.
narrate	spillon, wv, II.
narrow	aggwus.
nasty	(unkind, wicked) un-sels; (evil) ubils; (abhorrent, repulsive, unpleasant) anda-sets (i-stem); (malicious) •bauseis; (frightning) *ogjands, *agjands, *thlahsjans, *us-gaisjands; (fierce) *grimms, *in-grimjis; (barbaric, cruel) un-mana-riggws; (terrible, bitter, sour) •aifrs; (bitter) baitrs; (sharp, severe) *hwass.; "nasty/turbulent situation" un-suti.
nastiness	(wickedness) un-selei, wf.; (malice, deceit) •bausei, wf.; (evil) un-thiuth, sn.; thata ubil, sn., thata ubilo, wn.; (nasty situation, chaos) un-suti, sn.
nation	(state) reiki, sn.; (people) thiuda, sf.
native (adj.)	"native country/land" ga-baurths, sf.; (according to one's nature) wistai, bi wistai.
native (n.)	(inhabitant of area) gauja, wm.
nativity	(birth, place of birth, native land) ga-baurths, sf.; (Christmas, Yule) *Jiula, n.pl.
nature	wists, sf.; "by nature" wistai, bi wistai; "he was of his nature a man" wistai manna was.
near	(PREP.) "near to" nehwa +dat., bi +acc.; (ADV.) nehw; "nearby, around about" bi-sunjane; (neighbouring) bi-sitands; "the countryside nearby" thata bi-sunjane land; "be near at hand" in-wisan, irreg.
near (v.)	(INTR.) (draw near, come closer) nehwjan sik, at-nehwjan, wv. 1.
nearer	nehwis.
nearly	(almost not, scarcely) *halis; "nearly never, hardly ever" halis-aiw.
neat	*ga-tass.
necessary	thaurfts, naudi-thaurfts; "something is needed" nauths hwis ist.; "more necessary" thaurftoza.
necessity	tharba, thaurfts, naudi-thaurfts, sf., nauths, sf. (gen. nauthais) - "necessity of/for" nauths +gen.; "necessities, supplies, living expenses" anda-wizns, sf.
neck	hals, sm. (gen. halsis), hals-agga, wm.
necropolis	"tombs" hlaiwasnos, sf.pl., ?aurahjos, sf.pl. (or: ?aurahjons, wf.pl.).
need (n.)	nauths, sf. (gen. nauthais), tharba, sf., thaurfts, sf.; "need of" nauths +gen.; "needs, supplies, living expenses" anda-wizns, sf.; "be needed/appropriate" du thaurftai fair-rinnan, sv. III.
need (v.)	(need, lack) thaurban, pp. +gen. - tharf, thaurbum, thaurfta.
needful	thaurfts, naudi-thaurfts; "more needful" thaurftoza.
needle	nethla, sf.
needy	(adj.) tharbs, ala-tharba, w.adj.; "the needy" thai tharbans, wm. pl.
neglect (n.)	un-freideins, sf.
neglect (v.)	(forget, overlook) ufar-munnon, wv. 2. +dat.
neglectful	un-karja, w.adj.
negligent	un-karja, w.adj.
negotiate	(negotiate between, mediate) *midumon, wv. 2.
neighbour (n.)	nehwundja, wm., bi-sitands, m., ga-razna, wm., ga-razno, wf.; (neighbour across border) ga-marko, wf.
neighbour (v.)	(to share a border) ga-markon, wv. 2.; (surround, be next to, lie nearby) bi-sitan, sv. V.
neighbourhood	(place) staths, sm. (i-stem, gen. stadis); (area) gawi, sn.; (people) gaujans, wm.pl.
neighbouring (adj.)	bi-sitands; "the neighbouring/surrounding countryside" thata bi-sunjane land.
neither	ni, nih; "neither...nor" ni...jah, ni(h)...ni(h); "for neither, for not" nih allis.
-ness (n. forming suffix)	-assus, -inassus, sm.
nest	(seat, birdnest) sitls, sm.
nestle	(creep, burrow, snuggle into, pierce, worm one's way) •smiugan, sv. II.
net (n.)	nati, sn.
net (v.)	(catch in net, trap, catch out) ga-niutan, sv. II.
nethermost	undarists.
never	ni aiw, ni hwan-hun; "almost never" halis-aiw.
nevertheless	aththan swe-thauh, thanuh than swethauh.
new moon	*niujiths, sf. (gen. *niujithis).
new	niujis.
newness	niujitha, sf.
news	"story, news, fable" spill, sn.; "good news" thiuth-spill, sn.; (message) #sanda, sf.; "narrate, tell story/news" spillon, wv. 2.; "messenger, bringer of news" airus, sm.; "bring news, be a messenger" airinon, wv. 2.; "bring good news" thiuth-spillon, wv. 2.
next	(following) aftuma, iftuma; "on the next day" iftumin daga, afar-daga, sm.dat.sg.; "next/near to" nehwa +dat.; (nextdoor, nearby, around) bi-sitands; "be next to each other across a common border" ga-markon, wv. 2.
nice	(gentle, pleasant) *lintheis; (of life: peaceful) sutis (i-stem).
nick (v.)	(steal) hlifan, sv. V., stilan, sv. IV.
nickname (n.)	*ga-satith namo (past-part.).
nickname (v.)	ga-satjan namo, wv. 1.
nigh	(nigh unto) nehwa +dat.; (adv. 'nigh') nehw.
night	nahts, f. (But dat.pl. = nahtam, by analogy with dagam); "at night" nahts; "by day and night" naht jah daga; "for a night and a day" naht jah dag; "in the night" in naht; "in three nights time, after three nights" * afar thrins nahts; "[done] in three nights" * bi thrins nahts.
nine	niun.
ninety	niuntehund.
ninety-nine	niuntehund jah niun.
ninth	niunda.
no	ne.
nobility	"the nobility" #athal, sn.
noble	(of noble birth) goda-kunds, #athals (ja-stem in OE, but Goth. names often: Athala-), #athans; (dignified, esteemed, honoured) swers; (dignified, self-controlled) ana-wiljis.
nobody	ni ains-hun, ni hwas-hun, ni manna-hun, ni ains-hun leike; "no man becometh just" ni wairthith garaihts ainshun leike.
noise	(din, tumult) auhjodus, sm.; (rustling, rushing noise like air) *swogs, sm. (i-stem); (crash) *hlamms, sm. (i-stem); (voice) stibna, sf.; (shout) drunjus, sm.; (shouting, clamour, din of voices) hrops, sm.; "trumpet noise" *thuts, sm. (i-stem); "howl, blare, screech, make trumpet noise" *thiutan, sv. II.; "to make a noise/din/tumult" auhjon, wv. 2.; "make a clanging/clashing noise like cymbals" klismjan, wv. 1.; "crash, roar, resound" *hlimman, sv. III.
none	ni ain-hun.
nonsense	dwala-waurdei, wf.
no-one	ni ains-hun, ni hwas-hun, ni manna-hun, ni ain-hun leike; "no man becometh just" ni wairthith garaihts ainhun leike.
noose	(snare) wruggo, wf.
nor	ni, nih, ni allis; "neither...nor" ni...jah.
normal	(customary) bi-uhts.
normally	(usually) bi-uhts - "as normal/usual" swe bi-uhts; (according to the custom) bi biuhtja; (properly) raihtaba.
north	(n.) #naurthr, sn., #naurthra-dails, #naurthra-halba, sf.; (adj.) #naurthrs, #naurthra-; (adv.) "towards the north" #naurth, #naurthath; "in the north" #naurtha, #naurthar; "from the north" #naurthathro, #naurthana.
northern	#naurthroneis, #naurthra-.
northward	(adv.) #naurth, #naurthr, #naurthath.
not at all	ni allis.
not	ni; (in questions) niu - "is not life more than meat?" niu saiwala mais is fodinai?; "is not" nist; "not...but" ni...ak; "not other...than" ni alja...alja; "not only...but also" ni thatainei...ak jah; "neither/not...or" ni...ni(h); "not one" (person) ni ainshun, (thing) ainhun; "not ever" ni aiw, niu aiw; "not at all", "not in the least" ni allis; "how/why not more (so)" hwaiwa nei mais.
notable	(important, valuable) wulthrs; "more notable/important" wulthriza; "most notable" frumists.
notable (n.)	frumista, wm.
note (n.)	(gloss, marginal note, meaning, importance) wulthrs, sf.
note (v.)	(notice, take note of) and-saihwan, sv. III.; (take heed, beware) at-saihwan, sv. III. +gen. or at-saihwan faura +dat.; (look round at, see after blindness) us-saihwan, sv. III.; (point/single out) ga-tarhjan, wv. 1.
noted	(notorious, guilty) ga-tarhiths.
nothing	ni waiht, sn., ni waihts, sf. (usually, but acc.pl. waihts also found, Sk 2,c); "nothing at all, not in any way" ni waihtai, ni in waihtai, waihte ni ainohun.
notice (v.)	(perceive) ga-saihwan, wv. III., gaumjan, wv. 1.; (take heed, beware) at-saihwan, sv. III. +gen. or at-saihwan faura +dat.; (examine, heed) and-saihwan, sv. III.; (pay attention to) mundon, wv. 2. +acc.; (see for the first time, look round at, see after blindness) us-saihwan, sv. III.
notorious	ga-tarhjiths.
nourish	(feed) fodjan, matjan, wv. 1.
nourishment	(food) fodeins, us-fodeins, sf.; (sustenance) waila-wizns, sf.; (food, meal) mats, sm. (i-stem).
November	Naubaimbair, Fruma Jiuleis, sm.
novice	niuja-satiths, sm.
now	(at this time) nu (Also used as a discourse particle with the meaning 'so', in which case it must come second in clause); (now, already) ju; "by now, by then" ju-than; "till now" und hita, und hita nu; "from now on" fram himma, fram himma nu, fram-wairthis; "if now [at this time]...well then" ith nu...ei-than; ('NOW...' indicating a CHANGE OF TOPIC, or some parenthetical information) -uh than, -uth-than - "now there was a herder of swine there" wasuh than jainar hairda sweine; "now the traitor had given them a sign" at-uh-than-gaf sa lewjands im bandwon (Always attached after first element in clause); (IN NARRATIVE) "and then, and now, so then" than-uh, thar-uh.
nowadays	"this current age" so nu alds, sf.
nudity	naqadei, wf.
nuisance	#skathaliggs.
numb (adj.)	(without sensation, deaf, stubborn) daufs (gen. daubis); "to make numb, insensitive, etc." ga-daubjan, wv. 1.; "become numb, etc." af-daubnan, wv. 4.
numb (v.)	(dull senses, make stubborn) ga-daubjan, wv. 1.; ga-daubjan, wv. 1.; "be numbed/dulled" af-daubnan, wv. 4.
number (n.)	rathjo, wf.; "men numbering about 5000" wairos rathjon swaswe fimf thusundjos; "a great number of people" manageins filu, wf.gen.sg.; "look out for number one, look out for oneself, act selfishly" sein ain sokjan, wv. 1.
number (v.)	(count) ga-rathjan, sv. VI.; (reckon, judge, value, count) rahnjan, wv. 1.
numbness	(lack of sensation, stubborness, deafness) daubei, wf., daubitha, sf.
numerous	manags; (enough) ga-nohs; "be/become numerous" managnan, wv. 4.
nurse	•hagja, sf.
nutriment	(food) fodeins, us-fodeins, sf.; (sustenance) waila-wizns, sf.; (food, meal) mats, sm. (i-stem).
nutrition	(food) fodeins, us-fodeins, sf.; (sustenance) waila-wizns, sf.; (food, meal) mats, sm. (i-stem).
O!	O!, Sai!
oak	•aiks, f., •aika-bagms, sm.
oaken	•aikeins.
oath	aiths, sm. (gen. aithis); "under oath, allied/bound by oath" uf-aitheis.
obduracy	daubitha, sf.
obedience	uf-hauseins, sf.; (submission, compliance) ga-kunds, sf.
obedient	uf-hausjands, ga-faurs (i-stem), ga-hwairbs.
obey	uf-hausjan, wv. 1. +dat.; "obey parents" bar-usnjan, wv. 1.
object (n.)	(THING) waihts, sf. (usually, but acc.pl. waihts also found, Sk 2,c); (OBJECTIVE, goal, target, aim) mundrei, wf.; "with an object in mind, motivated" *mundrs; "path, track, trail, intention" laists, sm. (i-stem); "with that object in mind, to that end" and thana laist (cf. Sk 5,a Marchand translation - but others have "following this" - & cf. Sk 2,d).
objective (n.)	goal, target, aim) mundrei, wf.; "with an object in mind, motivated" *mundrs; "path, track, trail, purpose" laists, sm. (i-stem); "with that objective, to that end" and thana laist (cf. Sk 5,a Marchand translation - but others have "following this" - & cf. Sk 2,d).
oblation	tibr, sn.
oblige	(compel) nauthjan, ana-nauthjan, baidjan, ga-baidjan, wv. 1.
obliged	"to be obliged to do" skulan, pp. - skal, skulum, skulda.
oblivion	(forgetfulness) ufar-maudei, wf.; "commit s-thing to forgetfulness/oblivion, forget" ufarmaudein hwa at-giban, sv. V.
obnoxious	anda-sets (i-stem).
obscene language	aglaiti-waurdei, wf.
obscene	aglait(i)-
obscenity	aglaiti, sn., aglaitei, wf.; (obscene language) aglaiti-waurdei, wf.
observance	fastubni, sn.
observation	(surveillance, a close watch) witains, at-witains, sf.
observe	(look at, pay attention to) mundon, wv. 2. +acc.; (look at, note, take note of) and-saihwan, sv. III.; (beware, take heed) at-saihwan, sv. V. +gen. or at-saihwan faura +dat.; (perceive) gaumjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (keep watch/guard on, observe - also fig.: observe tradition/sabbath, etc.) witan, wv. 3. +dat.; (keep a watch on, keep under surveillance) *at-witan, wv. 3. +dat.; (observe, watch) •wardon, wv. 2.; (recognise, observe, consider, read) ga-kunnan, wv. 3.; (fast, observe a practice) fastan, ga-fastan, wv. 3.; (stare, gaze, look at with curiosity) fair-weitjan, wv. 1. (+du/in, or gen.).
obstacle	marzeins, sf.; (hindrance, cause of contention) ga-marzeins, sf.; (stumbling-block) bi-stugq, sn.
obstinacy	daubitha, sf.
obstruction	marzeins, sf.; (hindrance, cause of contention) ga-marzeins, sf.; (stumbling-block) bi-stugq, sn.
obtain	ga-staldan, sv. VII., ga-aiginon, wv. 2., ga-geigan, wv. 3.; (get, reach) ga-tilon, wv. 2. +acc.; (catch in net, trap, catch out) ga-niutan, sv. II.; (get, inherit, learn, bring along, take aside) ga-niman, sv. IV.; (aquire by effort) fair-waurkjan, wv. 1. - fair-waurhta, fair-waurhts; (wealth) ga-faihon, wv. 2.; (obtain knowledge) ga-kunnan, wv. 3.
obvious	swi-kunths; (clear) skeirs (i-stem); (bright, clear, evident) bairhts; (well-known, evident, manifest) us-kunths.
obviously	swi-kunthaba, bairhtaba.
occasion	(time) mel, sn. - "on many occasions" manag mel; (opportunity) lew, til, sn.
occult (adj.)	(hidden, secret, occult) •darneis; "occult knowledge, herbal magic, alchemy" lubja-leisei, wf.
occupy	(live in) bauan, wv. 3., saljan, wv. 1.
occur	(become, happen, arise) wairthan, sv. III.; (beseem, happen, befall) ga-daban, sv. VI.; (collect, come to pass) ga-gaggan, sv. VII. - ga-iddja, ga-gaggans; "occur to, seem to one" thugkjan, wv. 1. +dat.
odour	dauns, sf.
odd	(PECULIAR) (amazing) silda-leiks; (unfamiliar, foreign, of other people) framaths (i-stem, gen. framathis); (foreign, strange) alja-kuns (i-stem); "BE AT ODDS WITH" (gainsay, withstand) and-standan, sv. VI.; (dispute, contradict) and-rinnan, sv. V., and-sakan, sv. VI.; (be reluctant, refuse) un-werjan, wv. 1.; (be suspicious, reluctant) tuzwerja, wv., 1.
of	(POSSESSIVE, PARTITIVE) +gen. - "gudis wig" the way of God; "kaurno sinapis" a grain of mustard"; "a glass of cold water" stikls kaldis watins; "FULL OF, short of, etc." fulls/wans +gen.; "NONE OF them" ni ainshun thize; "WHICH OF you" hwas izwara; (FROM) fram +dat.; (FROM, OUT OF) us +dat.; "of the daughters of Aaron" us dauhtrum Aharons; "[MADE] OF thorns" us thaurnum; "be ashamed of" skaman sik, wv. 3. +gen.; "twelve YEARS OF AGE" jere twalibe; "from the VILLAGE OF BETHLEHEM" us Bethlaihaim weihsa; "JOSEPH OF ARIMATHEA" Iosef af Areimathaias.
offence	(crime) *wai-deths, sf. (gen. wai-dedais); (harm, injury lit./fig.) skathis, sn.; (dispute, cause of contention, blame, fault) fairina, sf.; "take offence at, find fault with" faian, wv. 3.; "GIVE OFFENCE" ga-sleithjan; "harm, offend, injure" ga-skathjan, sv. VI.; "provoke, anger" gramjan, in-gramjan, wv. 1.; (insult, offend) lauan, sv. VII., ga-naitjan, wv. 1.
offend	(injure, offend) ga-skathjan, sv. VI. +dat. - "in any way" hwa; (slight) ga-sleithjan, wv. 1.; (provoke) gramjan, in-gramjan, wv. 1.; (trip, impede, irk) marzjan, ga-marzjan, wv. 1.
offensive language	aglaiti-waurdei, wf.
offensive	*uf-brikands; (obscene) aglait(i)-; (reprehensible) fairina, w.adj.
offer (v.)	(proffer) rahton, wv. 2.; (offer, present, show) at-satjan, wv. 1.; (bring, offer) at-bairan, sv. IV.; (offer, bid, order) *biudan, sv. II.; (as sacrifice) saljan, ga-saljan, wv. 1.; (offer as excuse) *inilon, wv. 2.
offering	tibr, sn., ala-brunsts, sf, sauths, sm. (i-stem, gen. saudis), hunsl, sn.; "to make an offering of" saljan, wv. 1.
office	(of governorship) *ragini, faura-mathli, sn.; "tax/customs-office" mota, sf., mota-staths, sm. (gen. mota-stadis).
officer	(servant, military officer, etc.) and-bahts, sm.
offspring	(offspring, seed) fraiw, sn.; (child) barn, sn.
often	ufta; (regularly) sinteino; "as often as, whenever" swa ufta swe.
Oh!	O!; "Oh man!" jai manna!
oil	"olive oil" alew, sn.
ointment	salbons, sf., balsan, sn.
okay	(suitable) fagrs, tils, wairths, ga-tils, ga-dofs (i-stem, gen. ga-dobis), wairths; (well, healthy) hails; (well, healthy, fine, okay, good) waila; (strong, sound) swinths; "it is fitting" ga-qimith; "is it okay/permitted for a man to divorce his wife?" skuldu sijai mann qen afsatjan?; (rhetorical) "fine!/well!" waila!; "or, alright, in that case..." aiththau waila thau...
old	(of PEOPLE: old, grown up) altheis; (elderly) fram-aldrs; (old and grey) •greiseis; (old, senior) sineigs; "how old" hwe-lauths; "to grow old" us-althan, sv. VII.; "old age" alduma, wm.; (of THINGS: old, worn out, outdated) fairneis; "the Old Testament" so Fairnjo Triggwa; "twelve year-old" twalib-wintrus; "for she was twelve years old" was auk jere twalibe; "you're not yet fifty years old" fimf tiguns jere nauh ni habais.
old-age	alduma, wm.; "in her old age" in aldumin seinamma.
older	(of people) althiza; (of things) *fairniza.
oldest	(of people) *althists; (of things) *fairnists; (eldest, most senior) *sinists; "an elder" sinista.
old-fashioned	(old [of things], worn out, outdated) fairneis.
oldness	(of things, outmodedness) fairnitha, sf.
olive (adj.)	alewja, w.adj.; "Mount of Olives" fairguni alewjo, thata faurguni alewa-bagme, sn.
olive(-tree)	alewa-bagms, sm.
olive-oil	alew, sn.
-ology	(class/branch of knowledge) -leisei, wf.
omen	faura-tani, sn.
omnipotent	all-waldands; "the Almighty" All-waldands, m.
on	ana (POSITION: dat.; DIRECTION: acc. or dat., but acc. more common); "they'll faint on the road" ufligand ana wiga; "they spread their clothes on the road" wastjom seinaim strawidedun ana wiga; "[while] on the way" in wiga; "setting out on his way" usgaggandin imma in wig; "on his waist/loins" bi hup seinana; "the dead man came out bound with bandages on his hands and feet" urrann sa dauda gabundans handuns jah fotuns faskjam; "if anyone hits you on the right cheek" jabai hwas thuk stautai bi taiwswon theina kinnu; "avenge me on my adversary" frweit mik ana andastathja meinamma; .
once	(one time) ainamma sintha; (previously) simle; "at once" (suddenly, immediately) anaks, suns, suns-aiw; "once more, again, back" aftra; "once or twice" jah ainamma sintha jah twaim.
one	ains (declined as a-stem); (one, someone, a certain one) ains, sums; "one of the twelve" sums thize twalibe; "one of those present" ains sums thize atstandandane; "he who is one of you" saei us izwis ist; "the one...and the other" ains...jah ains, sums...jah sums, anthar...anthar, thana/antharana...antharan-uh than, suman...suman-uh than; "one and the same" ains jah sa sama; "one's" seins; "oneself" +acc. sik silban, wm., sik silbon, wf.; "one's own" seins silbins (gen., agrees in gender and number with noun) - "one's own work" waurstw sein silbins; "look out for number one, be concerned only for oneself, act selfishly" sein ain sokjan, wv. 1.
one another	misso.
onefold	(single, simple, innocent) ain-falths.
one-handed	hamfs.
oneself	sik, silba; "look out for oneself, act selfishly" sein ain sokjan, wv. 1.
only	(adv.) that-ain-ei, that-ain; "I only know that I was blind but now I see" thaitain wait ei blinds was ith nu saihwa; "however not only that, but also" aththan ni thatain, ak jah...; (adj.) ains, ainaha, w.adj; "the only son of his mother" sunus ainaha ainthein seinai; "only one" silbo ainata; "not only...but also" ni that-ain...ak jah; "if only" wainei +subjunctive, ei wainei +subjunctive.
only-born	aina-baur.
onward	framis.
oozing (n.)	(flow, course) runs, sm. (i-stem, gen. runsis).
open (adj.)	(clear, manifest, not hidden) skeirs (i-stem), swi-kunths, bairhts; (not secret) *and-augeis.
open (v.)	us-lukan, sv. II.; (uncover, disclose, reveal) and-huljan, wv. 1.; "to get opened/unlocked" us-luknan, wv. 4.
open, the (n.)	bairhtei, wf.; "in the open, openly" in bairhtein, and-augiba, and-augjo.
opening (n.)	(hole) us-luk, sn.
openly	and-augjo, and-augiba, in bairhtein.
operate	(work, do, perform, make) waurkjan, wv. 1. - waurhta, waurhts.
operation	waurstw, sn.
operational	waurstweigs.
opinion	(opinion, judgement, decree) ragin, sn.; (judgement, knowledge, opinion) doms, sm.; (argument, view, declaration of opinion) in-sahts, sf.; "of one opinion" *aina-munds; "divergence/difference of opinion" missa-qiss, sf.; "be of an opinion, reckon, believe" munan, pp. - man, munum, munda.
opponent (legal)	anda-staua, wm.
opponent	anda-stathjis, sm.; (opponent in court) anda-staua, wm.; (opponent, gainsayer) and-standands, m.
opportune	(right time) uhtiuhs, uhteigs; (favourable) ansteigs; (appropriate, suitable) tils, ga-tils, fagrs, ga-dofs (i-stem).
opportunely	(timely) uhteigo; (suitably) ga-tilaba, ga-temiba.
opportunist	(traitor) •at-leweis, sm.
opportunity	lew, til, sn.; "whenever we have the opportunity" thande mel habam.
oppose	(gainsay, withstand) and-standan, sv. VI. +dat.; (dispute, contradict) and-rinnan, sv. V., and-sakan, sv. VI.; (oppose in battle, fight against, be opposed to, dislike) and-weihan, sv. I.
opposed	(contrary, hostile) anda-neiths (gen. -neithis); (refusing, reluctant) *un-wers; (suspicious, reluctant) *tuz-wers; "be opposed, suspicious" tuz-werjan, wv. 1.; "be opposed, refuse" un-werjan, wv. 1.; "rather than, as opposed to" maizuh than; "as opposed to that one" thau raihtis jains.
opposing	(contradictory) and-waihands +gen.
opposite	withra-wairths +dat., anda-wairthis +dat.; "on the contrary, quite the opposite" thata anda-neitho, thata withra-wairtho.
oppress	(persecute) wrikan, sv. V., wrakjan, wv. 1.; (oppress as troubles) ana-praggan, sv. VII.; (oppress, burden) kaurjan, wv. 1.; (burden, weigh down with) af-hlathan, sv. VI.
oppression	(persecution) wraka, wrakja, sf., wrekei, wf.
oppressive	(heavy, burdensome) kaurus; (arduous) aglus.
opulence	gabei, wf.
opulent	gabeigs.
or	(in direct & indirect questions) thau; (in statements) aiththau; "either...or" andizuh...aiththau; "whether x or y" hwathar x thau y; "Do you say that yourself, or do others say that to you?" ab-u thus silbin thu thata qithis thau antharai thus qithith?; "who sinned, him or his parents?" hwas fra-waurhta, sa-u thau fadrein is?; "or not?" thau niu?
ordain	(appoint) ga-raidjan, wv. 1. +dat. for appointee.; (decree) ur-redan, sv. VII.
order (n.)	(command) ga-grefts, ana-busns, sf.; (command, promise) haiti, sf. - "as an order" bi haitjai; "in order, connectedly" ga-hahjo; (sequence, numerical, etc.) tewa, sf. - "each in their appropriate order" in seinai tewai; "of the order of ten, decimal" taihun-teweis; "the natural order, one's nature" wists, sf.; "in order to/that" ei + subjunctive; "in order not to, lest" ibai.
order (v.)	(command) ana-biudan +dat. of recipient, faur-biudan +dat. of recipient, biudan, sv. II, haitan, sv. VII.; "he ordered them to" anabauth im ei (+subjunctive); (fix, set in order, appoint, determine) raidjan, wv. 1.; (sort, arrange in order) ga-tewjan, wv. 1.; (rectify) ga-raihtjan, wv. 1.
ordered	(orderly, arranged in order) *ga-tass.
ordinary	(common) ga-mains (i-stem).
organise	(establish) ga-satjan, wv. 1.; (decree, appoint, establish) raidjan, wv. 1.; (sort, order, organise into sequence) ga-tewjan, wv. 1.; (sort out) at-ga-raihtjan, wv. 1.
organised	(sorted, arranged in order) ga-tewiths; (established, set up) ga-satiths.
origin	(source, well) brunna, sf.; (beginning, start) frums, sm., frumisti, sn., ana-stodeins, sf.; (planting, begetting, origin) us-sateins, sf.; "originate, generate, cause, be the origin of" gansjan, wv. 1.; (birth, place of origin, ethnicity) ga-baurths, sf.
originally	(at first) frumist.
ornament	•garwi, sn.
orphan	widuwairna, wm.
ostracise	(note, point out, single out publicly) ga-tarhjan, wv. 1.
other	aljis, anthar; "of other people" framaths (i-stem, gen. framathis); "the one...the other" anthar...anthar, ains...jah ains, antharana...antharan-uh than, suman...suman-uh than; "some one...but some other person" sums...jah sums, sums raihtis...ith sa; "some...but others" sumai raihtis...sumai than; "in another direction" aljath; "the others" antharai (pl. of anthar); "each considering the other as higher" anthar anthar munands sis auhuman.
otherwise	alja-leikos.
ought	skulan, pp. - skal, skulum, skulda.
ounce	unkja, wm.
our	unsar.
ourselves	(more than two people) weis silbona, n. (if refering to male and female); weis silbons, f.; weis silbans, m.; (two people) wit silbona, etc.
oust	(expel) us-dreiban, sv. I. +dat. or +acc.; (exclude) us-letan, sv. VII.
out	(ADV.) (going out) ut; "Come out, Lazarus!" Lazaru, hiri ut!; (being out) uta; "from outside" utathro, utana +gen.; (PREP.) "out of, from" us +dat. - "[made] out of thorns" us thaurnum.
outcast (n.)	(reject, miscarriage) us-waurpa, sf.
outcast (adj.)	(expelled, excommunicated, depraved) ur-rugks.
outcry	(shouting) hrops, sm.
outdated	(old, outmoded) fairneis.
outdatedness	(oldness of things, superannuity) fairnitha, sf.
outdo	(excel, surpass) ufar-theihan, sv. I.
outermost	hindumists.
outfit (n.)	(clothing) wasti, ga-feteins, ga-waseins, ga-skadweins, sf.; (clothes) wastjos, sf.pl.; (booty, apparel) •rauba, sf.; (dress) •rifts, sf.; (jacket, tunic, shirt) paida, sf.; (cloak, robe, coat) snaga, wm.
outfit (v.)	(CLOTHE, WEAR) wasjan, wv. 1. +dat./+intsrumental for garment - "what shall we wear" hwe wasjaima?; "clothe oneself" ga-wasjan sik ("in/with" = dat.) - "we shall clothe ourselves in the armour of light" ga-wasjam sarwam liuhadis; (PUT ON, WEAR) at-lagjan, wv. 1., ana-hamon, ga-hamon, wv. 2. +dat.; (PROVIDE) and-staldan +acc. "with" +dat., sv. VII., und-redan, sv. VII., •warnjan, wv. 1.
outflow (n.)	(sunrise, the east, drain/sewer/toilet) ur-runs, sm. (i-stem, gen. ur-runsis).
outlaw (n.)	(condemned) *wargs, wm.; (bandit) wilwa, wm.
outlawed	(cast out, depraved, excommunicated) ur-rugks.
outmoded	fairneis.
outmodedness	fairnitha, sf.
out-of-date	fairneis.
outset	frumisti, sn.; "at the outset" frumist; "from the outset" fram frumistja, us frumistja; "from the first" fram frumistin.
outside	(going outside) ut; (being outside) uta; "from outside" utathro, utana +gen.
outrage (n.)	(offence, cause of offence) fairina, sf.; (crime) *wai-deths, sf. (gen. wai-dedais); (harm, injury lit./fig.) skathis, sn.
outrage (v.)	(provoke, infuriate) gramjan, in-gramjan, wv. 1.; "provoke to anger" gramjan du thwairhein; (insult) lauan, sv. VII. ga-naitjan, wv. 1.; (offend) ga-sleithjan, wv. 1.; (injure, offend) ga-skathjan, sv. VI. +dat.; (shame, treat shamefully) aiwiskon, ga-aiwiskon, wv. 2.
outworn	fairneis.
oven	auhns, sm.
over	(MOVING ACROSS) ufar +acc., ufaro +gen.; "OVER THE CLIFF" and driuson; "I was lowered down over the city wall" athahans was and baurgswaddjau; (ABOVE, POSITIONED OVER) ufar +dat., ufaro +dat.; (over, beyond, among) hindar +acc. or +dat.; "OVER MUCH, overly" inu mitath; "keeping WATCH OVER their flock by night" witandans wahtwom nahts ufar hairdai seinai; "OVER THE COURSE OF" bi +acc. - "in/over three days" bi thrins dagans; "through, all through, during the time of" and +acc.; (AN AMOUNT OVER, BEYOND, MORE THAN) ufar +acc. - "there not being anything over/except the five loaves" at ni wisandin aljai waihtai ufar thans fimf hlaibans.
overabundance	ufarassus, sm., ufar-fullei, wf.
overboard	"jump overboard to escape shipwreck" usfarthon us gataujan skipa.
overburden	ana-kaurjan, wv. 1.
overcome	(defeat, abolish, deprive of power) blauthjan, wv. 1.; (enslave) ga-thiwan, wv. 3.; (triumph) ga-jiukan, wv. 3.; "persevere, endure to the end, exert oneself" us-aiwjan, wv. 1.; "struggle through" thairh-arbaidjan, wv. 1.; (tame) ga-tamjan, wv. 1.; (subjugate) uf-hnaiwjan, wv. 1.; (bewitch, beguile) af-hugjan, wv. 1.; (overwhelm with depression) us-grudjan, wv. 1. - "be overcome with depression" us-grudja wisan/wairthan, w.adj.; "be overcome with emotion" in-rauhtjan, in-wagjan sik, wv. 1.; (overcome with specific emotion: fear, madness, demonic possession) dis-haban, wv. 3., dis-sitan, sv. V. - "and they were overcome then with trembling and amazement" diz-uh-than sat ijos reiro jah us-filmei; "be overcome with astonishment" bi-abrjan, wv. 1.
overflow (v.)	us-gutnan, wv. 4.; "cause to overflow" (figurative) ufarassjan, wv. 1.
overfull	ufar-fulls.
overlook	(forget, neglect) ufar-munnon, wv. 2. +dat.
overly	inu mitath.
overpower	(defeat, abolish, deprive of power) blauthjan, wv. 1.; (enslave) ga-thiwan, wv. 3.; (tame) ga-tamjan, wv. 1.; (subjugate) uf-hnaiwjan, wv. 1.; (overpower with specific emotion: fear, madness, demonic possession) dis-haban, wv. 3., dis-sitan, sv. V.
over-proud	(or rash) un-tila-malsks.
oversee	(supervise, be present) faura-standan, sv. VI.
overshadow	ufar-skadwjan, wv. 1. +dat. or +acc.
overstep	"overstep the mark, transgress, do wrong" ufar-gaggan, sv. VII. - ufar-iddja, ufar-gaggans.
overtake	(overtake, precede) faur-bi-gaggan, sv. VII. - iddja, gaggans +acc.; (run past) bi-thragjan, wv. 1.; "ovettaking and running on ahead" bithragjands faur; (precede, rush on ahead, go first) faur-sniwan, sv. V., faur-bi-sniwan, sv. V.; (surpass in growth, climb above) ufar-steigan, sv. I.; (catch) ga-fahan, sv. VII.
overthrow (n.)	us-walteins, sf.
overthrow (v.)	us-waltjan, wv. 1.; (throw out, reject, drive out, overthrow) us-wairpan, sv. III. +dat. or +acc.
overturn (v.)	(capsize, overthrow) us-waltjan, wv. 1.
overwhelm	(overcome with specific EMOTION: fear, madness, demonic possession) dis-haban, wv. 3., dis-sitan, sv. V. - "and they were overcome then with trembling and amazement" diz-uh-than sat ijos reiro jah us-filmei; "be overwhelmed with emotion/pity" in-rauhtjan, in-wagjan sik, wv. 1.; "be overwhelmed with astonishment" bi-abrjan, wv. 1.; (DEPRESS) us-grudjan, wv. 1. - "be overwhelmed with depression" us-grudja wisan/wairthan, w.adj.; (DEFEAT utterly, abolish, deprive of power) blauthjan, wv. 1.; (SUBJUGATE) uf-hnaiwjan, wv. 1.; (ENGULF, make sink) sagqjan, uf-sagqjan, wv. 1.; (CAPSIZE, OVERTHROW) us-waltjan, wv. 1.
owe	skulan, pp. - skal, skulum, skulda; "owing to, on account of" bi +dat., faura +dat., fram +dat., in +gen., thairh +acc.; "owing to that, on that account" du-the.
owl	•uggwilo, wf.
own (adj.)	swes (gen. swesis); "one's own" seins silbins (gen., agrees in number & gender with noun) - "thine own soul" theina silbons saiwala; "his own work" waurstw sein silbins; "in one's own due time" mela swesamma; "will leave me on my own" mik ainana bileithith; "left me on my own" bilaith mis ainamma; "unless he's going to take his own life?" nibai usqimai sis silbin.
own (v.)	aihan (irreg. pp. Commonest forms: aih, aigum, aihuth, aigun, aihta, aigands, 'g' in pres. subjunctive. But 'h' and 'g' fluctuate.); (possess) dis-niman, sv. IV.
ox	ausa, wm. (pl. auhsnans), auhsus, sm.