| pace (n.) |
(step) griths, sf. (gen. gridais).
|
| pace (v.) |
(tread) trudan, sv. IV., *trimpan, sv. III.; (walk) hwairban, sv. III., hwarbon, wv. 2., skewjan, wv. 1.; (walk, go) gaggan, sv. VII. - iddja, gaggans.
|
| pacify |
(tame) ga-tamjan, wv. 1.; (subjugate) uf-hnaiwjan, wv. 1.; (calm) *ana-qaljan, wv. 1.; (calm, assage) •linthjan, wv. 1.
|
| pact |
trausti, sn.
|
| paddock |
(yard, pen for animals) garda, wm.
|
| page |
(manuscript, parchment) maimbrana, wm.
|
| pain (n.) |
(hurt, physical or mental) sair, sn.; (anguish, agony) aglo, wf. - "she does not remember the pain" ni gaman thizos aglons; (suffering) wunns, sf.; (suffering, agony, endurance) thulains, sf.; "agonies, Christ's passion" thulaineis, sf.pl.; "to overburden, cause pain" ana-kaurjan, wv. 1.
|
| pain (v.) |
(sadden, grieve) *trigan, sv. V.; (agrieve) gaurjan, wv. 1.; (irritate) us-agljan, wv. 1.; (torment) balwjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (agitate) drobjan, wv. 1.; (oppress as troubles) ana-praggan, sv. VII.; (burden, oppress) kaurjan, wv. 1.; (weigh down) af-hlathan, sv. VI.; (hinder, irk) marzjan, wv. 1.
|
| pair (n.) |
ga-juk, sn.; "pair of shoes" ga-skohi, sn.
|
| palace |
(kingdom, palace) thiudan-gardi, sf.
|
| palate |
(gum, palate) •goma, wm.
|
| pale (adj.) |
(pale, pale yellowish-grey) •falws.
|
| palm (of hand) |
lofa, wm.
|
| palm-tree |
peika-bagms, sm.
|
| pangs |
(physical or mental pain) sair, sn.; (suffering) wunns, sf.; (suffering, agony, endurance) thulains, sf.; (agonies) thulaineis, sf.pl.; "undergo pangs of childbirth" fitan, sv. V.; "feel pangs of lust" in-tundnan, wv. 4.
|
| paper |
(manuscript, parchment) maimbrana, wm.
|
| parable |
ga-juko, wf.; "in the form of a parable, allegorically" alja-leikoths, in ga-jukom, in fri-sahtai.
|
| paradise |
waggs, sm.
|
| paralytic person |
us-litha, wm.
|
| parched |
(dry, withered up) thaursus; "become parched/shrivelled" thairsan, sv. III., ga-thairsan, sv. III., thaursnan, ga-thaursnan, wv. 4.
|
| parchment |
maimbrana, wm.
|
| pardon (n.) |
af-lets, sm., af-lageins, sf.
|
| pardon (v.) |
af-letan, sv. VII. +dat. of person, +acc. of misdeed.
|
| parents |
berusjos, sm.pl., fadrein (sn. but treated as m.pl.) - "and his parents said" thai fadrein is jah qethun.
|
| park |
(meadow, paradise) waggs, sm.
|
| part (n.) |
(share, fragment) dails, sf.; (fragment) ga-bruka, sf.; (share) hlauts, sm.; "in part, partly" suman, bi sumata; (half, side) halba, sf.; (region, side) fera, sf.
|
| part (v.) |
(part from) twis-standan, sv. VI.; (TRANS., INTR., separate, divide, depart) skaidan, sv. VII. +dat. or +acc. - "let no man put asunder" manna thamma ni skaidai; "let not the wife part from her husband" qenai fairra abin ni skaidan; "to part/divide a man from/against his father" skaidan mannan withra attan; (depart) skaidan sik, sv. VII.; (INTR.) "part, separate" ga-skaidnan, wv. 4.
|
| partake of |
ga-brukjan, wv. 1. +gen. - bruhta, bruhts; fair-aihan, (irreg. pp. Commonest forms: aih, aigum, aihuth, aigun, aihta, aigands, 'g' in pres. subjunctive. But 'h' and 'g' fluctuate); "eat of" matjan, wv. 1. +gen; "drink of" drigkan, sv. III. +gen.
|
| partaker |
ga-daila, wm.
|
| parted, to become |
ga-skaidnan, wv. 4.
|
| partiality |
(bias, favouritism) wilja-halthei, wf.; (liking) leikains, sf.
|
| partially |
suman, us dailai.
|
| participant |
(in community, member) ga-mainja, wm.; (partaker, sharer, participant, partner) ga-daila, wm.
|
| particle |
(fragment) ga-bruka, sf.; (crumb) drauhsna, sf.; (small splinter) gramst, ?sn.
|
| particoloured |
filu-faihs.
|
| particular |
*us-sinths.
|
| particularly |
(specifically) this-hun, us-sindo; (greatly, very much) ufarassau.
|
| partisan (adj.) |
*wilja-halths.
|
| partition (wall) |
mith-gardi-waddjus, sf.
|
| partly |
suman, bi sumata, us dailai; "partly...partly" sumanuh than...sumanuh than.
|
| partner |
(comrade, colleague) ga-hlaiba, *ga-salja, wm., ga-man, sn.; (comrade, companion on journey) ga-sinthja, ga-sintha, wm.; (partner in something, partaker) ga-daila, wm.; (member, participant) ga-mainja, wm.; (FELLOW member, etc.) *MITH-ga-mainja, wm., etc.; (wife) qens, sf., qino, wf.; (husband) manna, wm.
|
| party (n.) |
(banquet, feast) dauhts, sf.; (banquet, revelry) ga-baur, sm.
|
| party (v.) |
bi-wisan, sv. V.
|
| pass |
(PASS BY, go past) faur-gaggan, sv. VII. - iddja, gaggans; (precede, OVERTAKE, go ahead of) faur-bi-gaggan, sv. VII. - iddja, gaggans; (overtake, rush on ahead, preceed) faur-sniwan, faur-bi-sniwan, bi-sniwan faur, sv. V. +acc.; (RUN PAST) bi-thragjan, wv. 1.; "running on ahead" bithragjands faur; (WANDER, walk, pass by) hwarbon, wv. 2.; (VANISH/PASS AWAY, go away, come/go out) us-leithan, sv. I.; "PASS OVER" ufar-leithan, sv. I.; "PASS ON" (knowledge) ana-filhan, sv. III. - "to" +dat.
|
| passage |
*fartho, wf.; (voyage) #fara, sf.; (journey) wratodus, sm.; (way, journey) wigs, sm.; (quote, expression, spoken passage in book/scripture) thata qithano, wn.
|
| passer-by |
faur-gaggands, wm.
|
| passing (adj.) |
(temporary, fickle, changeable) hweila-hwairbs; (perishable) riurs (i-stem); (transient, destructable) ga-taurnands.
|
| passion |
(sexual) gairuni, sn.; (sexual longing) winno, wf., winna, sf.; (zeal/willingness, envy) aljan, sn.; (anger) moths, sm. (gen. modis); (agony, suffering, the Passion) thulains, sf., thulaineis, sf.pl.; "boil, bubble over, be passionate about" wulan, sv. IV.; "burn up inside with passion" in-tundnan, wv. 4.
|
| Passover |
(Also: Easter) paska, sf. (Or neuter indeclinable).
|
| past |
"THE PAST" thata !faura-wairtho, wn. (waurthano, wn. = event that have happened); "in the past, formerly" simle; "already, in the past" ju; "hitherto" (but not necessarily finished) und hita, und hita nu; "of the past, old, outdated" fairneis; "GO PAST, walk by" faur-gaggan, sv. VII. - iddja, gaggans; (go past/ahead, overtake) faur-bi-gaggan, sv. VII. - iddja, gaggans; "run past" bi-thragjan, wv. 1.; "run past in front" bi-thragjan faur, wv. 1.
|
| pasture |
winja, sf.
|
| patch (n.) |
(of cloth) fana, wm., plats, sm.
|
| paternity |
(lineage) fadreins, sf.; fadrein, sn. (Used as if it was a masculine plural, meaning "parents", eg.: thai fadrein).
|
| path |
gagg, sn., staiga, sf., wigs, sm.; (tracks, trail, footsteps, path) laists, sm. (i-stem); (rough track) us-drusts (lit. 'a falling away'), sf.
|
| pathetic |
(miserable, wretched, sad) wainahs.
|
| patience |
lagga-modei, wf., us-beisnei, wf., us-beisns, sf., stiwiti, sn., #tulds, sf.; (tolerance) us-thulains, sf.; (patience, suffering, tolerance) thulains, sf.
|
| patient (adj.) |
*lagga-moths (gen. -modis), us-beisneigs.
|
| pauper |
tharba, wm.
|
| pause (n.) |
ga-hweilains, sf.
|
| pause (v.) |
hweilan, ga-hweilan, wv. 3.
|
| paw |
•pauta, sf.
|
| pay (n.) |
laun, sn., (soldier's pay) anno, wf.; (worker's pay) *asno, wf.
|
| pay (v.) |
*gildan, fra-gildan, us-gildan, sv. III.; (pay up, repay, show) us-giban, sv. V.; "pay fine/ransom for, redeem" *us-lunjan, wv. 1.; "pay attention to" mundon, wv. 2. +acc.
|
| payment |
(reward, payment, wage) laun, anda-launi, sn., mizdo, wf.; "reward of victory" sigis-laun.; "payment of fine/ransom" us-luneins, sf.
|
| peace |
ga-wairthi, sn.; (tranquility, rest) rimis, sn. (gen. rimisis); (calm, calming down) ana-qal, sn.; (respite, rest, relaxation) ga-hweilains, sf.; (peace from war) #frithus, sm.; "make peace, reconcile" ga-frithon, wv. 2. +acc. - "to/with" +dat.; "make one's peace with, become reconciled with" ga-sibjon, wv. 2. +dat.
|
| peaceable |
ga-wairtheigs; (meek, gentle, kindly) qairrus.
|
| peaceful |
ga-wairtheigs, sutis (i-stem).
|
| peak |
(hilltop) auhmisto, wn.; (top, tip) *peika, sf.; (mountain) fairguni, sf., *bairgs, sm.; "the highest height" hauhisti, sn.
|
| pearl |
marikreitus, sm.
|
| pelt (n.) |
(skin, hide) fill, sn.; (hair, fur) tagl, sn.
|
| pelt (v.) |
wairpan, sv. III. +dat. or +acc.; "pelt with stones" stainam wairpan.
|
| pen (n.) |
(fold for animals) garda, wm.
|
| penetrate |
thairh-leithan, sv. I., thairh-gaggan, sv. VII. - thairh-iddja, thairh-gaggans; (burrow into) •smiugan, sv. II.
|
| penis |
!tairs, sm. (gen. !tairsis) (by analogy with OE teors).
|
| penny |
aiz, sn., assarjus, skatts, kintus, sm., •kinta, wm.
|
| penstroke |
writs, striks, sm. (i-stem).
|
| Pentecost |
paintekuste, sf.
|
| people |
mans, *liudeis, m.pl.; (all people, people in general) ala-mans, m.pl.; (a people, nation, tribe) thiuda, sf.; (a people, a nation at arms) #fulk, sn.; (kin) kuni, sn., knoths, sf. (gen. knodais); (the peoples, tribes, Gentiles) thiudos, sf.pl.; (humanity) mana-seths, sf. (gen. mana-sedais), manniskodus, sm.
|
| per |
thairh.
|
| perceive |
gaumjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (VISUALLY) ga-saihwan, sv. V.; (UNDERSTAND) frathjan, sv. VI. +dat.; (BECOME AWARE OF, know) uf-kunnan, irreg. (present as wv. 3., pret. almost always strong: uf-kuntha, but one example each of weak pret. and past part.: uf-kunnaida, uf-kunnaidai).
|
| perception |
(viewpoint, understanding, attitude) frathi, sn.; (attention) *gauma, sf.
|
| perch (n.) |
(type of fish) barsisks, sm.; (bird's perch/nest, seat) sitls, sm.
|
| perchance |
(maybe) waitei; (maybe, quite possibly, probably) aufto; "lest perchance" ibai aufto.
|
| perdition |
(loss, damnation) fra-lusts, sf.
|
| perfect (adj.) |
fulla-tojis, fulla-wita, w.adj.; (immaculate) un-wamms; (righteous, impeccable) us-waurhts.
|
| perfect (v.) |
(finish, perfect, perform, lead up/out, drive forth) us-tiuhan, sv. II.; (finish, perfect) us-waurkjan, wv. 1. - us-waurhta, us-waurhts.
|
| perfection |
(completion, fulfilment) us-tauhts, sf.; (rectitude) us-waurhts, sf.
|
| perfectly |
(in every respect) bi all, in allamma; (utterly) all-andjo; (truly) bi sunjai, mith sunjai, sunjaba; (fully, totally) fulla-; (perfectly accurately/clearly) glaggwo - "you know perfectly well" glaggwo wituth.
|
| perforation |
(hole) thairko, wn.
|
| perform |
taujan, ga-taujan, waurkjan, ga-waurkjan, wv. 1. - waurhta, waurhts; (lead out/up, take up, drive forth, finish, perfect, perform) us-tiuhan, sv. II.; "they had seen the wonders he performed for the sick" gasehwun taiknins thozei gatawida bi siukaim.
|
| perfume |
aromata, n.pl.
|
| pergola |
(shade, arbour, covered walkway, booth, hut) •laubjo, wf. (cf. MnE lobby, OHG louppea/lauba, NHG laube, It loggia, Late L laubia/lobium).
|
| perhaps |
(perhaps) aufto, waitei (both +indicative); "it may/could be" mag wesi; (rhetorical or emphatic: maybe, maybe even/actually) ibai aufto +indicative (cf. J 7,26 & 2Cor 1,17); "lest, so as not to, lest perhaps" ibai aufto +subjunctive; (then, in that case, then perhaps" thau.
|
| peril |
bi-reikei, sleithei, wf.; "in peril" bi-reikeis.
|
| perilous |
(fierce, dangerous) sleideis.
|
| period |
(aeon, vast period, age, eternity) aiws, sm. (acc.pl. aiwins, dat.pl. aiwam); (era, age, a period in history) era, alds, sf.; (shorter period of time, a while) •stunda, sf.; (hour, a while) hweila, sf. - "for a period/while" du hweilai; "for a long period/time" laggai hweilai.
|
| perish |
fra-lusnan, fra-qistnan, ga-dauthnan, wv. 4.; "destroy, corrode, cause to perish" riurjan, wv. 1.
|
| perishable |
riurs (i-stem).
|
| perjure |
"purjure oneself" ga-liug weitwodjan, wv. 1., *ufar-swaran, sv. VI.
|
| perjurer |
(oath-breaker) ufar-swara, wm.
|
| permit (v.) |
letan ei +subj., fra-letan, sv. VII. +acc. or +dat. +inf., us-laubjan, wv. 1. (dat. for person).
|
| permitted |
"it is permitted [to]" bi-nah, skuld ist +inf.
|
| pernicious |
(harmful) skathuls; (dangerous, dire) sleideis.
|
| perpetual |
(eternal) aiweins; (continual, ceaseless) un-sweibands, *un-hweils.
|
| perpetually |
(incessantly) un-hweilo; (regular, daily) sinteino.
|
| perpetuity |
ajuk-duths, sf. (gen. -duthais); "in perpetuity" in aiwins, du aiwa, du aiwam; (ever after, for ever more) fram-wigis.
|
| perplex |
(confuse, bewitch) af-hugjan, wv. 1.
|
| persecute |
wrikan, sv. V., wrakjan, wv. 1.
|
| persecution |
wraka, wrakja, sf., wrekei, wf.
|
| persecutor |
wraks, sm.
|
| persevere |
(endure to the end) us-aiwjan, wv. 1.; (stick to task/practise/habit(not necessarily a good one...)) haftjan, wv. 1. +dat. - "persist with prayer" bidai haftjan.
|
| persist |
(continue, remain) thairh-wisan, fram-wairthis wisan, sv. V.; (remain, abide, stay (in a place/state, in existence)) wisan, ga-wisan, sv. V.; (persevere) us-aiwjan, wv. 1.; (stick to task/practise, etc.) haftjan, wv. 1. +dat. - "persist with prayer" bidai haftjan; (remain in a condition or place, come to a halt, stay, abide, hold fast) ga-standan, sv. VI.
|
| person |
manna, wm.; (someone, a certain person) ains, sums, sm.; (presence, face) and-wairthi, sn.
|
| persuade |
ga-hwatjan, wv. 1.
|
| persuasion |
ga-kunths, sf.
|
| perturb |
drobjan, wv. 1.; (surprise, shock) us-gaisjan, us-agjan, wv. 1.; (agitate, move/disturb emotionally) in-wagjan, wv. 1.; (disturb/shake physically) wagjan, wv. 1.; (shake, disturb, make unsteady) af-swaggwjan, wv. 1.; (dumbfound) af-slauthjan, wv. 1.; (bewitch, confuse) af-hugjan, wv. 1.; (be perturbed, upset) drobnan, wv. 4.; (be shocked out of one'd wits) us-geisnan, wv. 4.; (be dumbfounded) af-slauthnan, wv. 4., bi-abrjan, wv. 1.
|
| perverse |
in-winds.
|
| perversity |
in-winditha, sf.
|
| pervert (n.) |
(coward, pervert) #arga, wm.
|
| pervert (v.) |
in-wandjan, wv. 1.
|
| perverted |
in-winds; (cowardly, depraved) #args.
|
| pest |
#skathaliggs.
|
| pharoah |
farao, m. irreg. (dat. faraoni).
|
| Phoenician |
(female) Fyniska, sf.; (male) Fynikisks, sm.
|
| physical |
(of the flesh) leikeins; (not spiritual) airtha-kunds.
|
| physician |
lekeis, sn.
|
| pick |
(pluck) •harbisjan, wv. 1.; (choose) ga-waljan, wv. 1.; (pick out, test, prove) us-kiusan, sv. II. +acc.
|
| picture (n.) |
(image) man-leika, wm.; (literal image, illustration, example) fri-sahts, sf.; (drawing) *taikneins, sf.; (sign) bandwa, sf., bandwo, wf.; (sign, wonder, token) taikns, sf.; (exhibit, evidence, display) taikn, sn.
|
| picture (v.) |
(imagine) ahjan, wv. 1.; (depict, draw, engrave, fashion as image) ga-fri-sahtjan, wv. 1.
|
| piece |
(part, share, fragment) dails, sf.; (fragment) ga-bruka, sf.; (share) hlauts, sm.; (piece of money, incompleteness, partnership) daila, sf.
|
| pierce |
(go through) thairh-leithan, sv. I., thairh-gaggan, sv. VII. - thairh-iddja, thairh-gaggans; (burrow into) •smiugan, sv. II.; "a sword shall peirce your own heart" theina silbons saiwala thairhgaggith hairus.
|
| piety |
ga-gudei, wf.
|
| pig |
swein, sn.; (boar) •bairs, sm.; (sow) •sus, f. (cons.stem.)
|
| pigeon |
ahaks, ?sf., dubo, wf.
|
| pile together |
ga-dragan, sv, VI.
|
| pile up |
ga-dragan, sv, VI., huhjan, wv. 1.
|
| pilfer |
hlifan, sv. V., stilan, sv. IV.
|
| pillage |
wilwan, dis-wilwan, sv. III.
|
| pillar |
sauls, sf.
|
| pillow |
waggari, sn.
|
| pinch (v.) |
(handle, crumple) at-snarpjan, wv. 1.; (steal) hlifan, sv. V., stilan, sv. IV., bi-niman, sv. IV.
|
| pine (n.) |
(pine-tree) #tairwi, sn.
|
| pine for |
gairnjan, wv. 1., +gen.
|
| pine-tree |
#tairwi, sn.
|
| pinnacle |
(of house) gibla, wm.; (hilltop, peak) auhumisto, wn.; (tip) *peika, sf.; (mountain) fairguni, sf., *bairgs, sm.; "the highest height" hauhisti, sn.
|
| pious |
ga-guths (gen. ga-gudis), guda-faurhts.
|
| piously |
ga-gudaba.
|
| pipe (n.) |
(flute) *swigl, sn.; (tube, leg) •agkja, sf.; (tube (attested meaning: reed)) raus, sn. (gen. rausis).
|
| pipe (v.) |
(play the pipe) swiglon, wv. 2.
|
| piper |
swiglja, wm.
|
| pique |
(anger) moths, sm. (gen. modis), thwairhei, wf.
|
| piqued |
(angered, angry) modags, thwairhs.
|
| pit |
(hole in earth) groba, sf.; (dale, ravine, trench, pit) dals, sm.; (abyss) af-grunditha, sf.
|
| pitcher |
kas, sn.
|
| pitfall |
hlamma, sf.
|
| pity (n.) |
arma-hairtitha, ga-bleitheins, sf., armaio, wf.
|
| pity (v.) |
arman, ga-arman, wv. 3, ga-bleithjan, wv. 1.; "feel pity, be moved to pity" in-feinan, wv. 4.; "take pity on" arman, wv. 3. +acc. - "have pity on me!" armai mik!
|
| place (n.) |
staths, sm. (i-stem, gen. stadis); "in that place" ana thamma stada.
|
| place (v.) |
satjan, ga-satjan, us-satjan, lagjan, ga-lagjan, at-lagjan, wv. 1.; "place your hand upon her" atlagei handu theina ana ija; (place around) bi-satjan, wv. 1.
|
| plague (n.) |
slahs, sm. (i-stem).; (wound, plague) wundufni, sn.
|
| plague (v.) |
(trouble, limit) ga-aggwjan; (irritate) us-agljan, wv. 1.; (bother, threaten) us-thriutan, sv. II. +dat., sv. II.; (torment) balwjan, wv. 1. +dat.
|
| plain (n.) |
#auja, sf. (Jordanes: oium 'the Scythian steppe').
|
| plainly |
bairhtaba.
|
| plait (n.) |
flahto, wf.? (cf. ON flétta).
|
| plait (v.) |
*flaihtan, us-windan, sv. III.
|
| plaited |
(hair) in flahtom.
|
| plan (n.) |
ga-rehsns, sf.; (plan, plot, consultation) ga-runi, sn.; (plot) bi-runains, sf.; (design, mystery) runa, sf. - "the teachers of the law rejected God's plan for them" witodafasteis fraqethun runa gudis ana sik.
|
| plan (v.) |
(plot) *bi-runan, wv. 3.; "take councel to decide, discuss" runa niman bi +acc., sv. IV.; (intend) munan, wv. 3. - "for the high priests were planning then how to kill Lazarus too" munaidedunuth-than auk thai auhimustans gudjans, ei jah Lazaru usqemeina; (make provision for, take pains over) ga-redan, sv. VII. +acc.; "decide in advance" faura-ga-hugjan, wv. 1.; (decree, ordain) ga-raidjan, wv. 1.; (predestine, preordain) faura-ga-redan, sv. VII.; (agree) ga-qithan sis, mith-qithan, sv. V.
|
| plank |
•thiljo, wf.
|
| plant (n.) |
(grass, plant, vegetable, herb) gras, sn. (gen. grasis).
|
| plant (v.) |
(plant, beget) satjan, wv. 1.; "transplant, shift" mith-satjan, wv. 1.; "plant stakes/posts" •stakkon, wv. 2.
|
| plate (n.) |
(dish, table) mes, sn. (gen. mesis).
|
| platter |
(dish, table) mes, sn. (gen. mesis).
|
| play |
"play the pipe" swiglon, wv. 2.
|
| plausibly |
(probably, possibly) aufto; (maybe) waitei.
|
| plead |
bidjan us-daudo, sv. V.; (adjure, beseech) bi-swaran, sv. VI.
|
| pleasant |
anda-nems (i-stem); (easy, carefree) azets; (sweet, pleasurable) wotheis; (of life: peaceful) sutis; (nice, gentle) •lintheis.
|
| "please" |
"I ask/pray you" bidja thuk... (Polite requests often use subjunctive rather than imperative); "if you will" jabai wileis (When talking to one person); jabai wileits (two people); jabai wileith (more than two).
|
| please (v.) |
leikan, ga-leikan, wv. 3.; "it pleases me, I like it" thata leikaith mis, in thamma galeikaida; Mk 1,11: "you in whom I am well pleased" in thuz-ei waila ga-leikaida; IN MARGINAL GLOSS: thuk-ei wilda; (please, try to please s-one, ingratiate oneself) samjan sis, wv. 1.; (satisfy with actions) *fahjan, fulla-fahjan, wv. 1.; (fill, satisfy with food) ga-sothjan, wv. 1. (acc. of person satisfied, dat. or gen. of thing they are satisfied with); "please, if you please, if you wish/will" jabai wileis.
|
| pleasing |
(pleasant, acceptable) anda-nems (i-stem) - "very pleasing, quite acceptable" waila anda-nems; (easy, carefree) azets; (sweet, pleasurable) wotheis; (gentle, nice) •lintheis.
|
| pleasurable |
*ga-baureis; (pleasant, acceptable) anda-nems (i-stem); (easy, carefree) azets; (sweet, pleasant) wotheis.
|
| pleasure |
ga-baurjothus, sm.; (ease, comfort) azeti, sn.; (liking, pleasure, preference) leikains, sf. - "according to his pleasure / the pleasure of his will" bi leikainai wiljins seinis; "with pleasure" ga-baurjaba, latha-leiko, us lustum.
|
| pleat |
(fold) •falda, sf.
|
| pledge (n.) |
wadi, sn.
|
| pledge (v.) |
ga-wadjon, wv. 2.
|
| plenitude |
manag-duths, sf. (gen. -duthais).
|
| plentiful |
(abundant, sufficient) ga-nohs; (many) manags; "be/become plentiful" managnan, wv. 4.
|
| plenty (adj.) |
ga-nohs.
|
| plenty (n.) |
ufarassus, sm.
|
| pliant |
(tender, gentle) thlaqus.
|
| plot (n.) |
(conspiracy) bi-runains, sf.; (plan, plot, consultation) ga-runi, sn.
|
| plot (v.) |
*bi-runan, wv. 3.
|
| plotting (n.) |
bi-runains, sf.
|
| plough (n.) |
hoha, wm., •plogs, sm.
|
| plough (v.) |
arjan, sv. VII. (Probably sv. VII. with -j- only on present, cf. OHG erian, iar, giaran).
|
| ploy |
(plot, plotting) bi-runains, sf.; (trickery) us-wandi, sf.
|
| pluck |
•harbisjan, wv. 1.; "pluck out" raupjan, wv. 1.; "pluck/gouge out" us-graban, sv. VI.
|
| plume |
#thufa, sf.; (tuft, crest) •skuppa, sf.
|
| plummet |
ga-driusan, sv. II.
|
| plump |
*digrs.
|
| plumpness |
digrei, wf.
|
| plunder |
wilwan, dis-wilwan, sv. III.; (carry off) fra-wilwan, sv. III.
|
| plundering (n.) |
(robbery) wulwa, sf.
|
| plunge (v.) |
(fall) ga-driusan, sv. II.; (cause to fall) ga-drausjan, wv. 1.; (cause to plunge off) af-drausjan, wv. 1.
|
| pocket |
•taska, sf.
|
| pod |
•slaufa, sf.
|
| point out |
(note, single out) ga-tarhjan, wv. 1.
|
| point (n.) |
(POINT, MOMENT) stiks, sm.; "POINT IN TIME, a moment" stiks melis; "POINT OF VIEW" frathi, sn.; (SHARP POINT, PRICKLE, THORN" •stikils, sm.; (TIP, TAPERING POINT) *peika, sf.; (POINT IN SPACE, PLACE) staths (i-stem, gen. stadis); (PURPOSE, GOOD REASON) sautha, sf.; "there is NO POINT in fighting over words" waurdam weihan du ni waihtai daug; (GOAL, objective, target) mundrei, wf.; "POINT OF SPEAR" #gaida, sf., #uzds, sm.; "point/GABLE/PINNACLE of building" gibla, wm.
|
| pointless |
halks; (useless) un-nutis (i-stem); "fruitless" akrana-laus; "to be pointless/useless" ni botjan waiht, wv. 1., ni waiht botos taujan, ni dugan, pp. - daug, dugum, dauhta.
|
| pointlessly |
arwjo, sware.
|
| poison (n.) |
in-gif, sn.
|
| poisoner |
(magician, alchemist) lubja-leis, sm.
|
| poke out |
(e.g. an eye) us-stiggan, sv. III.
|
| polish |
•faurbjan, wv. 1.
|
| polite |
airkns.
|
| pollute |
(sully) bi-sauljan, wv. 1.; "become polluted" bi-saulnan, wv. 4.; (defile, participate, tell) ga-mainjan, ga-ga-mainjan, wv. 1. +dat.
|
| pond |
swumfsl, sn.
|
| ponder |
munan, wv. 3., miton, wv. 2., thagkjan, wv. 1. - thahta, thahts; "pondering in their minds on whether he might be the Christ" thagkjandam in hairtaim seinaim, niu sa wesi Xristus; "and the high priests pondered then how to kill Lazarus too" munaidedunuth-than auk thai uahimustans gudjans, ei jah Lazaru usqemeina.
|
| pool |
swumfsl, sn.
|
| poor |
tharba, ala-tharba, us-haista, w.adj., tharbs, thaurfts, un-leths (gen. *un-ledis); (poor, wretched, pathetic) arms; "poorest, most wretched" armosts; (wretched, pathetic, unhappy) wainahs - "poor me" wainahs ik!
|
| poorly |
(ILL) siuks; "to be unwell" siukan, sv. II., ubil/ubilaba haban, wv. 3.; (be poorly in stomach, suffer indigestion) suqnan, wv. 4.; "to be sick, vomit" rupatjan, wv. 1.; "be poorly with fever" brinnon ana-habaida wisan, irreg.; (IMPERFECTLY, only partially) suman, us dailai.
|
| porter |
(porter, door-keeper) daura-wards, sm., daura-warda, sf.; (bearer) •bairils, sm.
|
| portico |
(colonnade) ubizwa, sf.; (shade, arbour, shelter, booth, covered walkway, booth, hut) •laubjo, wf. (cf. MnE lobby, NHG Laube, It loggia, Late L laubia/lobium).
|
| portion (n.) |
dails, sf., hlauts, sm.
|
| portion out |
(share out) dailjan, dis-dailjan, fra-dailjan, wv. 1.
|
| possess |
(HAVE) haban, wv. 3.; (TAKE, HOLD) ga-haban, wv. 3.; (POSSESS/OWN) dis-niman, sv. IV.; (ACQUIRE) ga-staldan, sv. VII.; (OF SICKNESS, DEMONS: posses, seize, AFFLICT) ana-haban, wv. 3.; (of STRONG EMOTION, to GRIP/SEIZE) dis-sitan, sv. V., dis-haban, wv. 3. - "they were possessed by a great fear" agisa mikilamma dis-habaida wesun; "be possessed" un-hulthon haban, wv. 3.
|
| possessed |
(mad) woths (gen. wodis); "possessed man" daimonareis, sm.; "someone possessed [with a devil]" ains un-hulthon habands; "to be possessed by fear/love" agisa/frijathwai dis-habaiths wisan.
|
| possession |
(possessions, property) aigin, sn, aihts, sf., swes, sn.; (wealth, cattle) faihu, sn.; (land, farmlands) thaurp, sn.; (free estate, allodium) #alauths, sm. (gen. #alaudis); "get possession of" ga-aiginon, wv. 2.; "take possession of, take into safekeeping" *ga-freidjan, wv. 1.
|
| possible |
(mighty, able, possible) mahteigs; "if it is possible" jabai mahteig sijai; "possible for [s-one]" mahteig fram +dat.; (passive: CAN BE, ABLE TO BE) mahts +inf. (declined past part.) "how is it possible for grown man to be born?" hwaiwa mahts ist manna altheis wisands gabairan?; THOUGH ONLY THE PASSIVE CONSTRUCTION IS ATTESTED, ANALOGY WITH skuld ist WOULD IMPLY AN UNDECLINED NEUTER ACTIVE "able to, possible for one to" maht ist +inf +dat. for person able - or maybe this function was fulfilled adequately with the verb "to be able" magan; "I can" mag; "we can" magum; "I could" mahta.
|
| possibly |
(maybe) waitei; (maybe, quite possibly, probably) aufto; "lest possibly, lest by any chance" ibai aufto.
|
| pot |
(clay) kas, sn.; (metal) katils, sm.; (basin, cauldron) %hwair, sm. (gen. %hwairis).
|
| potency |
(might, power, strength, virtue, miracle, ability) mahts, sf.
|
| potter |
kasja, wm.
|
| pound (n.) |
pund, sn.; (pound, piece of money, participation, partnership/community, incompleteness) daila, sf.
|
| pound (v.) |
(grind up) malan, sv. VI., •grindan, sv. III.; (crush, bruise) ga-malwjan, wv. 1.; (hit, punch) slahan, sv. VI.; (hit, push) stauran, sv. VII.
|
| pour |
giutan, sv. II.; "be poured out" us-gutnan, wv. VI.; "pour a drink for" #skagkjan, wv. 1. (?dat. of person, acc. of drink).; (give to drink) dragkjan, ga-dragkjan, wv. 1. (acc. of person, dat. of drink).
|
| poverty |
tharba, sf., un-ledi, sn.
|
| poverty-stricken |
tharba, ala-tharba, us-haista, w.adj., un-leths (gen. *un-ledis); (poor, wretched, pathetic) arms.
|
| powerfully |
(extremely, very) abraba.
|
| power |
(authority) waldufni, sn.; "the power to forgive" waldufni afletan; (power, tyranny, violence) ana-mahts; (might, power, strength, virtue, miracle, ability) mahts, sf.; (power, strength) swinthei, wf.; (rule, power, kingdom) reiki, sn.; (might) #thruthi, sf. (gen. thruthjos); "rule, have power over" ga-waldan, sv. VII. +dat.; "according to one's power/ability" bi mahtai; "beyond one's power/ability" ufar maht.
|
| powerful |
(mighty, able, possible) mahteigs; (extreme) abrs; (strong, healthy) swinths; (strong) #ramms; (big, great) mikils; (great) *airmans; (powerful, in authority) reikeis.
|
| powerless |
(weak, infirm, unable, impossible) un-mahteigs; (weak) lasiws; (weak, powerless, beaten) *blauths (gen. blauthis).
|
| pseudo |
(false, fake) ga-liuga-.
|
| practically |
"practically not, hardly" *halis; "practically never" halis-aiw.
|
| practice (n.) |
(exercise, training, mastery/perfection through training) us-throtheins, sf.; (custom) sidus, sm., bi-uhti, sn.
|
| practise (v.) |
(drill, excercise) throthjan sik, wv. 1.; "exercise thyself unto godliness" throthei thuk silban du gagudein; (a custom, habit) sidon, wv. 2.; "practise till perfect, master through practice" us-throthjan, wv. 1.; "stick to, make a regular practise of prayer" bidai haftjan, wv. 1.
|
| practiced (adj.) |
us-throhiths.
|
| praetorium |
praitoriaun, irreg.
|
| praise (n.) |
hazeins, hauheins, sf.
|
| praise (v.) |
hauhjan, hazjan, mikiljan, wv. 1., waila qithan, sv. V.; (thank, acknowledge, confess) and-haitan, sv. VII. +dat.; (praise, bless) thiuthjan, wv. 1.
|
| praiseworthy |
waila-mereis.
|
| pray |
(pray, ask) bidjan, sv. V. "for (something)" gen., "for the sake of" bi +acc.; (beg) aihtron, wv. 2.
|
| prayer |
bida, liteins, uf-bloteins, sf.
|
| preach |
merjan, wv. 1.; (the Gospel) aiwaggeljan, wv. 1.; (good tidings) waila-merjan, wv. 1.
|
| preaching |
mereins, sf.; (message preached) hauseins, sf.
|
| precede |
(go ahead) faura-qiman, sv. IV., faur-rinnan, sv. III.; (go ahead, manage/preside) faura-gaggan, sv. VII. - iddja, gaggans; "you will go on ahead of" fauragaggis faura +dat.; (PASS BY, go past) faur-gaggan, sv. VII. - iddja, gaggans; (OVERTAKE, go ahead of) faur-bi-gaggan, sv. VII. - iddja, gaggans; (overtake, rush on ahead, preceed) faur-sniwan, faur-bi-sniwan, bi-sniwan faur, sv. V. +acc.; (RUN PAST) bi-thragjan, wv. 1.; "running on ahead" bithragjands faur.
|
| preceding |
fairns.
|
| precious |
(expensive) ga-laufs, filu-ga-laufs, (gen. ga-laubis).
|
| precipitate |
(rash, brash) un-tila-malsks.
|
| precise |
(exact/accurate, careful/thorough) *glaggwus; (accurate, correct) raihts; (correct, true) sunjis, sunjeins.
|
| precisely |
(accurately) glaggwo - "you know quite well that..." glaggwo wituth thatei...; (meticulously: of search/narrative) glaggwuba, glaggwaba; (namely, actually, indeed) raihtis; (correctly) raihtaba; (indeed) jai.
|
| precursor |
faur-rinnands, pres.part.
|
| predestine |
faura-ga-redan, sv. VII.
|
| predetermine |
(predestine, preordain) faura-ga-redan, sv. VII.
|
| pre-eminence |
frumadei, wf.
|
| prefer |
(deem better) faura-rahnjan, wv. 1.
|
| prefered |
(dear) walisa, w.adj.
|
| preference |
(liking) leikains, sf.
|
| pregnant |
in-kiltho, w.adj., habandei, w.adj., qithu-hafts; "pregnant woman" qithu-hafto, wf.; "get pregnant" ganiman in kilthein, inkiltho wairthan; "pregnant with a son" inkiltho sunau.
|
| prejudge |
faur-domjan, faura-ga-hugjan, wv. 1.
|
| prejudice |
faur-domeins, sf.
|
| prematurely |
faur mel.
|
| premeditated |
(deliberate, premeditating) *faur-weis.
|
| preordain |
faura-ga-redan, sv. VII.
|
| preparation |
manwitha, sf.
|
| prepare |
(make ready) manwjan, ga-manwjan, wv. 1.; (put into an approprate condition, sort out, prepare) ga-fahrjan, wv. 1.; (prepare oneself) skaftjan sik, wv. 1.; (work, do, perform, effect, prepare) ga-waurkjan, wv. 1. - waurhta, waurhts; (dress, get ready) •garwon, wv. 2.; "prepare in advance" faura-manwjan, wv. 1.
|
| prepared |
ga-raiths (gen. ga-raidis), manwus; (adv.) "in readiness" manwuba.
|
| prepuce |
faura-filli, sn.
|
| presbyter |
papa, wm.
|
| presbytery |
praizbytairei, wf.
|
| prescribe |
(order, decree) ga-raidjan, wv. 1.; (advise, prescribe) ga-raginon, wv. 2.
|
| presence |
and-wairthi, sn.; "in the p. of" in andwairthja (+gen.), at +dat.
|
| present (adj.) |
(present day) nu (indecl.); (present in time or space) and-wairths; "to be present" in-wisan, and-wairths wisan, irreg.; "present with, in the presence of" at +dat.; "supervise, be present" faura-standan, sv. VI.
|
| present (n.) |
"the present time" (so) nu, indeclinable f., so nu hweila,
sf., thata and-wairtho, wn.; (gift) giba, sf., maithms, sm. |
| present (v.) |
at-satjan, faura-ga-satjan, faur-lagjan, wv. 1.; (proffer, offer) rahton, wv. 2.
|
| presentation |
faur-lageins, sf.
|
| preserve |
(keep safe) bairgan, sv. III. +dat. "from" faura +dat.; "both are preserved/saved, both survive" bajothum bairgada (impersonal passive, cf. ON e-m er borgit); (keep, maintain, preserve, keep safe) fastan, wv. 3.; (protect, help) hleibjan, wv. +dat.; (protect, shield, shelter) •skairmjan, wv. 1. (?dat., as in MHG); (keep safe, take into safekeeping) *ga-freidjan, wv. 1.; (save) nasjan, wv. I.; (save, heal) ga-nasjan, wv. 1.; "be saved, be healed, attain salvation" ga-nisan, sv. V.
|
| press |
•thrukjan, wv. 1.; (press/crowd against) threihan, sv. I.; (fall, press against) driusan, sv. II.; (press, cram) •kramjan, wv. 1.; (pressure, oppress, crowd in on as troubles) ana-praggan, sv. VII.; (force) nauthjan, ana-nauthjan, baidjan, ga-baidjan, #anatjan, wv. 1.; (persuade, entice) ga-hwatjan, wv. 1.; (be pressing, urge, be urgent, be immanent) in-standan, sv. VI.
|
| pressure (n.) |
•thruks, sm. (i-stem); (trouble, problem, hardship) threihsl, sn.
|
| prestige |
(exaltedness) hauhitha, sf.; (honour) *swerei, wf., *sweritha, sf.; (boast, fame) hwoftuli, sf.; (fame) *merei, wf.; (renown, report, fame) meritha, sf.; "seek prestige/glory for one's self" hauhitha seina sokjan, wv. 1.; (importance, worthiness) wairthida, sf.; (prestige, insight, opinion, judgement) doms, sm.
|
| prestigious |
(esteemed) swers; (worthy) wairths; (important, significant) wulthrs; (powerful, in authority) reikeis.
|
| presume |
(suppose, imagine) ahjan, wv. 1.; (expect, suppose) ga-wenjan, wv. 1.; (presuppose, prejudge) faur-domjan, wv. 1.; (believe) munan, pp. - man, munum, munda; "presuming [he meant] physical birth from the womb" tho leikeinon us wambai munands gabaurth; (dare, be so presumptious as to) ana-nanthjan, wv. 1. +inf.
|
| presuppose |
(prejudge) faur-domjan, wv. 1.; (expect, suppose) ga-wenjan, wv. 1.; (imagine, suppose) ahjan, wv. 1.
|
| pretence |
(excuse) inilo, wf.
|
| pretended |
(feigned) *liuts.
|
| pretext |
(excuse) inilo, wf.; (opportunity, grounds) til, sn.; (ground for accusation) fairina, sf.; (goal, objective, target) mundrei, wf.; (thing, cause) waihts, sf. (usually, but acc.pl. waihts also found, Sk 2,c); (reason, purpose, point) sautha, sf.
|
| pretty |
skauns (i-stem).
|
| prevent |
(stop, hinder) latjan, wv. 1. (dat. + inf.); (forbid, block) warjan, wv. 1.; (thwart, restrict) ga-aggwjan, wv. 1.; (impede) ana-latjan, wv. 1.; (obstruct, irritate) marzjan, wv. 1.; "prevent oneself, hold back, avoid, refrain" ga-haban sik, wv. 3. - "from" af +dat.
|
| previous |
"the last" fairna, w.adj.; (prior, first) fruma, w.adj.; "previous to" faur +acc., faura +dat.; "the day previous to the sabbath" faura-sabbato, sa fruma sabbato, indecl.
|
| previously |
(beforehand) faur-this, faur thata, faura; (at one time) simle; "according to the prophesy which was previously made about you" bi thaim faura faursniwandam ana thuk praufetjam.
|
| price |
wairth, anda-wairthi, sn.
|
| prick (n.) |
(sting) •stuggs, sm. (i-stem); (puncture wound) staks, sm. (i-stem).
|
| prick (v.) |
(stab, puncture) *stikan, sv. V.; (sting) •stuggjan, wv. 1.
|
| prickle |
(thorn, sharp point) •stikils, sm.
|
| pride |
hauh-hairtei, wf.; (inflated sense of self-worth) uf-swalleins, sf.; "pride oneself, boast" hwopan, sv. VII.
|
| priest |
gudja, papa, weiha, wm.
|
| priest, to be a |
gudjinon, wv. 2.
|
| priesthood |
gudjinassus, sm.
|
| primacy |
frumadei, wf.
|
| primary |
fruma, frumists.
|
| prime |
frumists; "of prime importance" in frumistjam.
|
| prince |
(governor) faura-mathleis, faur-stasseis sm.; (ruler) reiks, m. (but gen.sg. reikis; dat.pl. reikam).
|
| principle (adj.) |
(main, chief, greatest) maists.
|
| prior |
fruma, w.adj.
|
| prison |
karkara, sf.; "to put in prison" fra-hinthan, us-hinthan, sv. III.; "hand over to be imprisoned" af-giban, sv. V.
|
| prisoner |
bandja, wm., fra-hunthana, wm.; (fellow prisoner) mith-fra-hunthana, wm.
|
| private |
"in private" sundro.
|
| privately |
sundro.
|
| prize |
(reward, wage) laun, anda-launi, sn., mizdo, wf.; "prize of victory" sigis-laun.
|
| proactive |
(zealous, diligent) *us-dauths (gen. us-daudis).
|
| probably |
(perhaps, quite possibly, most likely) aufto.
|
| problem |
(trouble) threihsl, sn.; (trouble, confusion, disturbance) un-suti, sn.; (obstacle) marzeins, sf.; (hindrance, cause of contention) ga-marzeins, sf.; (stumbling-block) bi-stugq, sn.
|
| proceed |
(go forth/out from, rise, spring up) ur-rinnan, wv, III.
|
| proclaim |
ga-kannjan, wv. 1., ga-sweran, wv. 3., merjan, ga-swikunthjan, wv. 1., ga-teihan, sv. I., us-qithan, sv. V.; "be proclaimed" us-mernan, wv. 4.
|
| proclaimer |
spilla, sm., merjands, m.
|
| procreate |
us-satjan, wv. 1.
|
| procreation |
us-sateins, sf.
|
| produce |
(offspring) bairan, ga-bairan, sv. IV.; (an effect, cause) gansjan, waurkjan, wv. 1. - waurhta, waurhts; (leaves, twigs, fruit) keinan, sv. I. - keinoda, kijans; (forge, produce metalwork) ga-smithon, wv. 2.; (accomplish, perfect) us-tiuhan, sv. II.; (bring/take out, speak) us-bairan, sv. IV.
|
| product |
(deed/action, effect) taui, sn.
|
| profane (v.) |
(unholy) us-weihs; (common) ga-mains (i-stem); (vulgar/rude) aglaiti-; "profane language" aglaiti-waurdei, wf.
|
| profanity |
(vulgarity) aglaiti, sn.; "profane language" aglaiti-waurdei, wf.
|
| profess |
and-haitan, sv VII.
|
| proffer |
rahton, wv. 2.
|
| profit (n.) |
(financial) ga-waurki, faihu-ga-waurki, sn.; (advantage) bota, sf.; (use, worth, benefit) #bata, wm.
|
| profit (v.) |
(INTR.) (get wealth) ga-waurkja haban, wv. 3.; (gain) ga-geigan, wv. 3.; (profit by, gain money from, exploit) bi-faihon, wv. 2.; (derive benefit) ga-batnan, wv. 4.; (TRANS.) (be of benefit) botjan, wv. 1., dugan, pp. - daug, dugum, dauhta.
|
| profiteering |
(usury) wokrs, sm.; (exploitation) bi-faih, sn.
|
| progress (n.) |
fram-gahts, sf.
|
| progress (v.) |
*fram-gaggan, sv. VII. - -iddja, -gaggans.
|
| prominent |
(foremost, most important) frumists; "prominent/leading men" thai frumistans, wm. adj. pl.; (great) mikils; (powerful, great, important) reikeis; (significant) wulthrs.
|
| promise (n.) |
ga-hait, sn.; (oath) aiths, sm. (gen. aithis).
|
| promise (v.) |
ga-haitan, faura-ga-haitan, sv. VII.
|
| promote |
(a viewpoint, propound) in-sakan, us-sakan, sv. VI.; (support) #stutjan, wv. 1.; (support, accomplish) •frumjan, wv. 1.; "promote dissent, agitate, stir up" drobjan, wv. 1.; "promote in public, speak out, spread word" merjan, us-merjan, wv. 1.; "promote the gospel, spread the Christian message" waila-merjan, aiwaggeljan, wv. 1.
|
| promptly |
(promptly, soon) sprauto; (immediately, soon) suns; (suddenly) anaks; (early) air.
|
| promulgate |
(propund) in-sakan, us-sakan, sv. VI.; (make known) merjan, wv. 1.; (spread word, publish) us-merjan, wv. 1.; "be published, spread" us-mernan, wv. 4.
|
| prone |
(lying down) ligands; (inclined towards) *halths.
|
| pronouncement |
"pronouncements, things said in public" mathleins, sf., mathlei, wf.; (anything said) *qiss, sf.; (argument, claim) in-sahts, sf.; (quote, passage, statement) thata qithano, wn.
|
| pronto |
sprauto.
|
| proof |
kusts, sf., kustus, sm.; (evidence) us-taikneins, sf.; (sign, wonder, evidence) taikns, sf.; (vindication, verification, justification, legal defence) sunjons, sf.
|
| prop (n.) |
(support) #stutja, sf.; (pillar) sauls, sf.
|
| prop up |
#stutjan, wv. 1.
|
| proper |
(pure, GENUINE) pistikeins; (DECENT, in appearance, respectable) *ga-fehs; (commendable, proper) *ga-reths (gen. ga-redis); (dignified, modest) ga-riuths (gen. ga-riudis); (FITTING) ga-dofs (i-stem, gen. ga-dobis), tils, ga-tils, fagrs - "it would not be proper if/for..." thatuh wesi withra thata gadob, ei... +subj.; (suitable, worthy) wairths; (OWN) swes (gen. swesis); "one's own" seins silbins (gen., agrees in number & gender with noun) - "thine own soul" theina silbons saiwala; "his own work" waurstw sein silbins.
|
| properly |
(correctly, rightly) raihtaba; "he spoke properly/normally" rodida raihtaba; (RESPECTABLY) ga-fehaba; (commendably, properly) ga-redaba; (appropriately) ga-temiba, ga-tilaba; (suitably, worthily) wairthaba; (ACTUALLY, in fact, namely) raihtis; (righteously) ga-raihtaba; (accurately, meticulously) glaggwuba, glaggwaba; (truly) sunjaba; (WELL, excellently, kindly) waila.
|
| property |
aigin, sn, aihts, sf., swes, ?sn.; (wealth, cattle) faihu, sn. (land, field) thaurp, sn., hugs, ?sn.; (allodium, freehold estate) #alauths, sm. (gen. #alaudis).
|
| prophesy (n.) |
(prophesy, the gift of prophesy) profetja, wm.
|
| prophesy (v.) |
prophetjan, wv. 1.; (foretell) faura-qithan, sv. V., faura-ga-teihan, sv, I.
|
| prophet |
prophetus, prophetes, sm.
|
| prophetess |
propheteis, f.
|
| propitious |
ga-dofs (i-stem, gen. ga-dobis); "it would not be proptious for..." thatuh wesi withra thata gadof, ei... +subj.
|
| propound |
in-sakan, us-sakan, sv. VI.
|
| prosper |
theihan, ga-theihan, wv. 1.
|
| prostitute |
kalkjo, wf.
|
| protect |
(shield, help) hleibjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (keep safe) bairgan, sv. III. +dat. "from" faura +dat.; (protect, shield, shelter) •skairmjan, wv. 1. (?dat. as in MHG); (keep safe, take into safekeeping) *ga-freisjan, wv. 1.
|
| protection |
#munda, sf. (in masc. PNs > #mundus, sm.); (shelter) •bairga, sf.; (peace, protection) #frithus, sm.; (a shield) skildus, sm.; (armour) brunjo, wf.; (arms & armour) sarwa, sn.pl.; (help) *hilpa, sf.; (support) #stutja, sf.; (guard) wardja, wm.; (watch) witains, sf.
|
| proud |
hauh-hairts, hauh-thuhts, mikil-thuhts; (foolhardy, brash) un-tila-malsks; "be overly proud" ufar-hugjan, wv. 1.
|
| prove |
(prove, test, taste) kausjan, wv. 1. (+gen. = "taste", +acc. = "test, etc."); (choose, test) kiusan, sv. II.; (select, prove, test) us-kiusan, sv. II +acc.; (demonstrate, signify, indicate, show) us-taiknjan, wv. 1.; "prove oneself to be" ustaiknjan sik +acc.; "prove faithful, INTR." sik triggws bigitan, sv. V.
|
| proven |
*ga-kusans.
|
| proverb |
(fable, saying) ga-juko, wf.
|
| provide |
and-staldan, sv. VII. +acc. "with" +dat.; und-redan, sv. VII. +acc. for thing supplied; •warnjan, wv. 1.
|
| providence |
"divine providence, the plan of righteousness/justice" ga-raihteins ga-rehsns, sf.; "God's plan" gudis runa, sf. "concerning" ana +acc.
|
| provisions |
(food) fodeins, us-fodeins, sf.; (food, meal) mats, sm. (i-stem); (sustenance, nourishment, well-being) waila-wizns, sf.; (necessities, supplies, living expenses) anda-wizns, sf.; (make provision for) ga-redan, sv. VII. +acc.
|
| provoke |
gramjan, in-gramjan, wv. 1.
|
| prune (v.) |
(cut away, amputate, castrate) us-maitan, sv. VII.
|
| psalm |
psalmo, ?wf.
|
| public |
(the public/masses) filusna, sf.sg.; "public discourse" mathleins, sf., mathlei, wf.; "become public" us-mernan, wv. 4.; "make public, divulge" us-qithan, sv. V.; "proclaim, preach, make public" merjan, us-merjan, wv. 1.
|
| publican |
(inn-keeper, cup-bearer) *skagkja, wm.
|
| publicly |
(openly) and-augiba, and-augjo; "publicly single out, expose in public, ostracise, note, treat as notorious" ga-tarhjan, wv. 1.; "publicly denounce, accuse" fairinon, wv. 2., wrohjan, wv. 1.; "publicly/loudly lament" wai-fairhwjan, wv. 1.
|
| publish |
(spread word) us-merjan, wv. 1.; "be published, spread, made known" us-mernan, wv. 4.
|
| puddle |
•lona, sf.
|
| puff up |
uf-bauljan, wv. 1., uf-blesan, av. VII. - *uf-baibles, *uf-blesans.
|
| pull |
*thinsan, wv. 3.; (draw, guide, lead) tiuhan, sv. II.; (pull towards, bring) at-tiuhan, sv. II.; (draw towards, attract) at-thinsan, wv. 3.; (pull out, pick) raupjan, wv. 1.
|
| pulverise |
(grind up) malan, sv. VI., •grindan, sv. III.; (crush, bruise) ga-malwjan, wv. 1.; (hit, punch) slahan, sv. VI.; (hit, push) stauran, sv. VII.; (destroy) qistjan, fra-qistjan, us-qistjan, wv. 1. +dat. or +acc.; (smash, shatter) dis-hniupan, sv. II.
|
| punch (n.) |
(hit) slahs, sm. (i-stem); (wound, blow) banja, sf.
|
| punch (v.) |
(hit) slahan, sv. VI.; (strike in the face, slap, castigate) wlizjan, wv. I.; (beat, strike) •biutan, sv. II.; (smite, push) stautan, sv. VII.; (beat) bliggwan, sv. III.; (slap) kaupatjan, wv. 1. - kaupasta, kaupatiths.
|
| puncture (n.) |
(puncture, puncture wound, stab mark) staks, sm. (i-stem).
|
| puncture (v.) |
(stab, prick, puncture) *stikan, sv. V.
|
| punish |
(take revenge on) fra-weitan, sv, I.; (chastise, bruise, hit in face) wlizjan, wv. 1.
|
| punishment |
#weiti, sn.; (revenge, punishment) fra-weit, sn.; (torture) balweins, sf.
|
| pupil |
(disciple) siponeis, sm.; "to be a disciple/student" siponjan, wv. 1.
|
| purblind |
haihs.
|
| purchase (v.) |
bugjan, us-bugjan, wv. 1. - bauhta, bauhts (acc. of commodity, dat. of amount or recipient of commodity).
|
| pure |
hlutrs, hrains (i-stem); (flawless, immaculate) un-wamms; (innocent) swikns; (pure of heart) hrainja-hairts; (pure, genuine) pistikeins.
|
| pure-hearted |
hrainja-hairts.
|
| pureness |
hlutrei, swiknei, wf., swiknitha, sf.; (flawlessness) un-wammei, wf.
|
| purification |
hraineins, swikneins, sf.
|
| purify |
hrainjan, swiknjan, wv. 1.
|
| purity |
hlutrei, swiknei, wf., swiknitha, sf.; (flawlessness) un-wammei, wf.
|
| purloin |
bi-niman, sv. IV., hlifan, sv. V., stilan, sv. IV.
|
| purple (adj.) |
paurpuroths.
|
| purple (n.) |
(purple, the Purple, a purple garment) paurpura, sf.; "dye/colour purple" paurpuron, wv. 2.
|
| purpose (n.) |
(REASON, USEFUL PURPOSE) sautha, sf.; (USE, ADVANTAGE) bota, sf. - "what use to me?" hwo boto mis?; "Christ is no use to you" Xristus izwis nist du botai (izwis=dat.); "what use to me?" hwo mis boto?; "be of use, SERVE SOME USEFUL PURPOSE" botjan, wv. 1. +acc., dugan, pp. - daug, dugum, dauhta; "there is NO PURPSE in fighting over words" waurdam weihan du ni waihtai daug; (GOAL, objective, target) mundrei, wf.; (END, reason) andeis, sm.; (DETERMINATION, PURPOSEFULNESS) muns, sm. (i-stem); (THING, CAUSE) waihts, sf. (usually, but acc.pl. waihts also found, Sk 2,c); "for that purpose/reason" duth-the, in this, in thizos waihtais; "with that purpose, to that end" ?and thana laist (cf. Sk 5,a Marchand translation - but others have "following this" - & cf. Sk 2,d).
|
| purse |
puggs, sm.
|
| pursue |
(chase, route, make run) *rannjan, wv. 1. (+dat.? cf. ON renna); (follow) laistjan, ga-laistjan, afar-laistjan, wv. 1., afar-gaggan, sv. VII. - afar-iddja, afar-gaggans.
|
| pursuer |
"router, chaser, one who causes to flee" (r)rannja, wm.
|
| push |
(shove) *skiuban, sv. II.; (hit, push) stautan, sv. VII.; (thrust, push, make war) stigqan, sv. III.; (bump, collide with) bi-stigqan, sv. III.; (push away/aside) af-skiuban, sv. II.; (push off) af-tiuhan, SV. II.; (push over, throw down, knock down) af-drausjan, ga-drausjan, wv. 1., at-wairpan, sv. III., ga-wairpan, sv. III.; (force, compel) nauthjan, ana-nauthjan, baidjan, ga-baidjan, wv. 1.
|
| pushed, to be |
ga-driusan, sv. II.
|
| put away |
(HIDE, keep safe) bairgan, sv. III.; (hide, bury) filhan, ga-filhan, sv. III.; (make secret) •darnjan, wv. 1.; (cover) huljan, ga-huljan, wv. 1., hilan, sv. IV.; (REJECT) us-kiusan, sv. II. +dat., af-wairpan, sv. III.; (spurn, rebuff) (reject, despise) uf-brikan, sv. IV. +dat., fra-kunnan, pp. - fra-kann, fra-kunnum, fra-kuntha (dat. or: at +dat.); (send/drive away) "send/drive away" us-dreiban, sv. I. +dat. or +acc.
|
| put |
(put, place, set, put down) satjan, ga-satjan, us-satjan, lagjan, ga-lagjan, at-lagjan, wv. 1. - "place your hand on her" atlagei handu theina ana ija; (PUT ROUND something) bi-satjan, wv. 1.; (PUT TOGETHER out of, form from) us-satjan us, wv. 1. +dat.; (PUT UP, erect) raisjan, wv. 1.; (erect with stakes - e.g. a tent) stakjan, wv. 1.; (put up, build) timrjan, wv. 1.; "PUT UP WITH" (suffer, toletate) thulan, ga-thulan, us-thulan, wv. 3.; (cope with) fra-bairan, sv. IV.; "PUT ON" (CLOTHES) wasjan sik, ga-wasjan sik, wv. 1., ga-hamon, ana-hamon, wv. 2. (dat. of item of clothing); (put on over the top of) ufar-hamon, wv. 2. +dat.; "put on a coat" ga-paidon, wv. 2.; (PUT OUT, extinguish, suffocate) af-hwapjan, wv. 1.; "to be put out/extinguished/choked" af-hwapnan, wv. 4.; (put/fit TOGETHER) ga-ga-tilon, wv. 2.
|
| puzzle (n.) |
(mystery) runa, sf.
|
| puzzle (v.) |
(confuse, bewitch) af-hugjan, wv. 1.
|
| pyre |
#strawa, sf.
|
| quake (n.) |
reiro, wf.
|
| quake (v.) |
reiran, wv. 3.
|
| quaking (n.) |
reiro, wf.
|
| qualification |
(worthiness, suitability) wairthida, sf.
|
| quality |
(worth) wairth, sn.
|
| quantify |
(measure) mitan, sv. V.; (set price on) wairthon, wv. 2.; (rate, judge) rahnjan, ga-rahnjan, wv. 1.; "value higher" faura-rahnjan, wv. 1.
|
| quantity |
(measure, bushel) mitaths, f. (gen. pl. mitade), mitadjo, wf., mela, wm.; (quantity, heap) thraihn, sn.; (number, account) rathjo, wf.
|
| quarrel (n.) |
(quarrel/dispute, fight/boxing-match) jiuka, sf.; (cause of contention) fairina, sf. - "a dispute/quarrel against" fairina withra +acc.; "quarrelling/strife" sakjo, waihjo, us-balthei, wf., brakja, sf.; (slandering) bi-hait, sn.; (uproar, outcry, shouting) hrops, sm.
|
| quarrel (v.) |
(dispute, rebuke, accuse) sakan, and-sakan, sv. VI.; (dispute, compete) and-rinnan, sv. III.; (fight) haiftjan, wv. 1.; (break, fight, quarrel) brikan, sv. IV.
|
| quarreller |
sokareis, sm.
|
| quarrelsome |
sakuls; (impertinent, bold, quarrelsome) *thrasa-balths, *us-balths.
|
| quarter, from every |
aljathro.
|
| quench |
af-hwapjan, wv. 1.; "be quenched" af-hwapnan, wv. 4.
|
| query |
(question, have scruples) and-hruskan, wv. 3.; (raise a question) ga-wagjan sokein, sf., wv. 1.; (dispute) sakan, sv. VI. - "they queried whether he was in fact a Pharisee" sokun thatei sa raihtis Fareisaius was; (ask) fraihnan, sv. V. (gen. of thing, acc. of person asked).
|
| quest for |
(seek/seach for) ga-sokjan, wv. 1.
|
| QUESTION |
ASKING QUESTIONS: -u-...? (The particle -u- indicates a question, in direct or indirect speech; attached to first word in phrase, especially a verb - "is it permitted?" skuldu ist? If the verb has a prefix, the -u- comes right after the prefix: "do the two of you believe?" ga-u-laubjats?; "him or his parents?" sa-u thau fadrein is?); (Another question particle, used at start of phrase) "so...?, then...?" an, an-uh; "what then" an hwa...?; (NOTE: These particles not required in the main clause if other more specific ones are used, thus) "why are you so afraid?" duhwe faurhtai sijuth swa?; (RHETORICAL) "surely one can't go back in the womb?" ibai mag in wamba aftra galeithan?; "for would he not seem then..." nei auk thuhtedi thau...; "Am I a Jew?" waitei ik iudaius im? (Said by Pilot).
|
| question (n.) |
(question, enquiry, investigation) sokeins, sf. - "a question/debate was raised concerning purification" warth bi swiknein sokeins ga-wagida; (single question, word, a few words) waurd, sn.; "I will also ask you a question" fraihna jah ik izwis ainis waurdis.
|
| question (v.) |
(dispute) sakan, sv. VI. - "they questioned whether he was in fact a Pharisee" sokun thatei sa raihtis Fareisaius was; (ask) fraihnan, ga-fraihnan, sv. V. (gen. of thing, acc. of person asked) - "about" bi +acc.; (query, worry over) and-hruskan, wv. 3.; (seek, try, debate, question) sokjan, wv. 1.; "cause to question, make doubt" tweifljan, wv. 1.; (interrogate, investigate, judge) us-sukjan, wv. 1.
|
| quick |
(ADJ.) (speedy) •adrs, •snills, *sniumeis; (quick, ready) #arws; (ADV.) (quickly) sniumundo; (promptly, soon) sprauto; (quick as a flash, suddenly) anaks; (soon, immediately) suns.
|
| quicker |
sniumundos.
|
| quickly |
(fast) sniumundo; (soon) sprauto.
|
| quiet (n.) |
(calm) ana-qal, ?sn.
|
| quiet (adj.) |
(peaceful) sutis; "to be/become quiet" af-dumbnan, af-dobnan, wv. 4, slawan, ga-slawan, ana-slawan, thahan, ga-thahan, ana-silan, wv. 3.
|
| quite |
(altogether, completely, in every respect) bi all, in allamma; "I am quite/completely deprived" allamma gasleithiths im; (utterly) all-andjo; (fully, perfectly) fulla-; (totally, very) ala-; "very pleasing, quite acceptable" waila anda-nems; (exactly, accurately) glaggwo - "you know quite well that..." glaggwo wituth thatei...; (indeed) "yes indeed" jai; (actually, for instance) raihtis (Used in second position in clause); "quite surely" triggwaba.
|
| quiver (v.) |
reiran, wv. 3.
|
| quivering (n.) |
reiro, wf.
|
| quote (n.) |
"the quote/passage/expression" thata qithano, wn.
|
| rabbi |
rabbei, ?
|
| race |
(nation, tribe, ethnicity) thiuda, sf.; (family, kin) kuni, sn.; (lineage, kin) fadreins, knoths, sf. (gen. knodais); (tribe, race) •slahta, sf.
|
| race-course |
(Also a 'stadion' = measure of distance) spaurds, f.
|
| race-track |
(Also a 'stadion' = measure of distance) spaurds, f.
|
| racket |
auhjodus, sm.
|
| racketeering |
(exploitation) bi-faih, sn.; (usury) wokrs, sm.
|
| radiance |
glitmuni, sn.
|
| rafter |
(beam) *ans, sm., (dat.sg. anza), #rafts, sm., •sparra, wm.
|
| rag |
fana, sm., •fata, sf., •laska, sf.
|
| rage (n.) |
(anger) moths, sm. (gen. modis), thwairhei, wf.; (hate, wrath) hatis, sn. (gen. *hatizis); (hate, envy, anger) neith, sn. (gen. neithis); (fury, ferocity) •grimmitha, sf.
|
| rage (v.) |
(be angry at) hatizon, wv. 2., neiwan, sv. I.; (rage, bluster) •staurmjan, wv. 1.
|
| rail against |
ubil-waurdjan, wv. 1.
|
| raiment |
(garment) wasti, sf.; (clothing) wastjos, sf.pl., ga-waseins, ga-skadweins, sf.
|
| rain (n.) |
rign, sn.
|
| rain (v.) |
rignjan, wv. 1. - "upon" ana +acc.; "from" us +dat.; "it rained brimstone and fire" rignida swibla jah funin.
|
| raise |
(lift) hafjan, sv. VI.; (lift, take away) us-hafjan, sv. VI. - "uz-uh-hoh augona "and he raised his eyes"; (raise, rouse, wake) ur-raisjan, wv. 1.; (rear child/animal) aljan, fodjan, wv. 1.; "a question/debate was raised concerning purification" warth bi swiknein sokeins ga-wagida.
|
| rake (n.) |
•raka, sf.
|
| rake (v.) |
"rake together, pile/hoard up" rikan, sv. V.
|
| rammer |
(wooden ramming tool, pestle) •stampa, sf.
|
| rampart |
(wall) *waddjus, sf.; (of town) baurgs-waddjus, sf.; (earthwork, defensive trench) graba, sf.
|
| ransom |
anda-bauhts, sf., lun, sn.; "pay ransom, bail out" *us-lunjan, wv. 1.
|
| ransoming (n.) |
us-luneins, sf.
|
| rare |
*silds.
|
| rash |
(rash, too proud) un-tila-malsks.
|
| rasp (v.) |
(scratch) •raspon, wv. 2.
|
| rate (v.) |
(regard/consider as, value, judge) rahnjan, ga-rahnjan, domjan, wv. 1.; "rate as higher/better" faura-rahnjan, wv. 1.
|
| rather |
(MORE SO, MORE LIKELY) haldis - "by no means" ni the haldis; (MORE) mais; "RATHER THAN" mais thau; (parenthetical) "OR RATHER" maizuth-than = maizuh than; (SOMEWHAT) hwa; (ON THE CONTRARY) thata anda-neitho, thata withra-wairtho; (AS OPPOSED TO) "RATHER THAN THAT ONE" thau raihtis jains; "NO, RATHER he deludes the crowd" ne, ak airzeith tho managein.
|
| rational |
(sensible, consciencious, thinking) anda-thahts; (reasonable) *ga-frathjis; (logical, verbal) waurdahs.
|
| rave |
(act/speak as if mad) dwalmon, wv. 2.
|
| raven |
#hrabns, sm.
|
| ravine |
dals, sm.
|
| raving (adj.) |
(mad) woths (gen. wodis).
|
| raving (n.) |
(nonsense, empty words) lausa-waurdei, wf.; (foolish talk) dwala-waurdei, wf.
|
| re- |
aftra-
|
| reach |
"come, arrive at" (place, etc.) at-gaggan, du-at-gaggan, sv. VII. - at-iddja, at-gaggans; (approach) ana-qiman, sv. IV., nehwjan sik, at-nehwjan, wv. 1.; (attain/obtain, arrive at) ga-tilon, wv. 2., ga-sniwan bi/du, sv. V. (bi +acc. / du +dat.); (reach, extend) fair-rinnan, sv. III. (du +dat.); (REACH OUT) uf-rakjan, sv. 1. - "reach out a hand" ufrakjan handu; (reach out, strive) sik uf-thanjan, wv. 1.
|
| read |
ana-kunnan, wv. 3.; (aloud) us-siggwan, sv. III.
|
| reading |
ana-kunnains, sf.; (reading from Bible) laiktjo, wf.; (chant, song, recitation) saggws, sm.
|
| ready |
manwus, ga-raiths (gen. ga-raidis); (quick, ready) #arws; (adv.) manwuba; "to be ready" manwuba haban, wv. 3.; "get/make ready, prepare" manwjan, ga-manwjan, skaftjan sik, wv. 1.; (work, perform, prepare) ga-waurkjan, wv. 1. - ga-waurhta, ga-waurhts; (dress, get ready) •garwon, wv. 2.
|
| real |
(true) sunjis, sunjeins; (pure, genuine) pistikeins.
|
| realise |
(perceive) gaumjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (become aware) uf-kunnan, (present as wv. 3., pret. almost always strong: uf-kuntha, but one example each of weak pret. and past part.: uf-kunnaida, uf-kunnaidai); (understand) frathjan, sv. VI. +dat.
|
| really |
(truly) sunjaba, bi sunjai, mith sunjai; (indeed) aiththau jah; (for sure) triggwaba - "they really believe, they are certain" triggwaba galaubjand; (actually, certainly, in fact, indeed; because, for, as is known) raihtis - "he really was a Pharisee" sa raihtis Fareisaius was; (at all) allis - "for if you had really believed in Moses" jabai allis Moses galaubidedeith.
|
| realm |
(state, empire, government, authority) reiki, sn.; (kingdom) thiudan-gardi, sf.
|
| reanimate |
*aftra-ga-qiujan, wv. 1.
|
| reap |
sneithan, sv. I.
|
| rear (adj.) |
aftuma.
|
| rear (raise a child, animal) |
aljan, fodjan, wv. 1.
|
| reason (n.) |
(PURPOSE, good reason) sautha, sf.; (end, purpose) andeis, sm.; (thing, CAUSE) waihts, sf. (usually, but acc.pl. waihts also found, Sk 2,c); "reason/grounds for accusation" fairina, sf.; "for that reason" duth-the, in this, in thizos waihtais; "for no reason, in vain" sware; (REASONING, thought) mitons, sf.; (reasonableness, rationality, intelligence, sobriety) ga-frathjei, wf.
|
| reasonable |
(intelligent, sober) *ga-frathjis; "be reasonable" waila frathjan, sv. VI.
|
| reasonableness |
(discretion, good sense, sobriety) ga-frathjei, wf.
|
| rebuff |
uf-brikan, sv. IV. +dat.
|
| rebuke (n.) |
anda-beit, sn., ga-sahts, hwota, sf., id-weit, sn.
|
| rebuke (v.) |
ga-sakan, sv. VI. +dat. or +acc., ana-haitan, sv. VII. +dat.; (rebuke, argue with) sakan, sv. VI. +dat.; (threaten, accuse) hwotjan, ga-hwotjan, wv. 1.; (reproach, blame) id-weitjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (blame, reproach, threaten, accuse) and-beitan, sv. I. +acc.
|
| recall |
(remember, bear in mind) ga-munan, pp. - ga-man, ga-munum, ga-munda (gen., acc.); "recall that..." ga-munan that-ei...; "recall what was said" gamunan this waurdis / thata waurd; "because of her joy, she doesn't remember the pain" ni gaman thizos aglons faura fahedai; (remind, recall) ga-maudjan, wv. 1. (acc. of person reminded, gen. of thing recalled); "I remind you to" gamaudja thuk + inf.; (remember) ga-maudein and-niman, sv. IV.
|
| recollection |
(remembrance) ga-munds, ga-maudeins, sf., ga-minthi, sn.
|
| receipt |
(receiving, acceptance) anda-nem, sn., anda-numts, sf.; (document) "deed of sale" fra-bauhta-boka; "pledge document" wadja-bokos.
|
| receive |
and-niman, fra-niman, sv. IV.; (take, get, receive) niman, sv. IV.; (get, learn, bring along, conceive child) ga-niman, sv. IV. - "receive from" ga-niman at +dat.; (be allotted) *hliutan, sv. II.; "s-one receives s-thing by inheritence" waihts und-rinnith ainamma, sv. III.
|
| receiving |
anda-nem, sn., anda-numts, sf.
|
| receptive |
(accepting, holding firm) anda-nemeigs.
|
| reciprient |
*numja, wm., *numjo, wf.
|
| reciprocally |
misso.
|
| recite |
us-siggwan, sv. III.
|
| reckon |
(count, judge, value) rahnjan, ga-rahnjan, wv. 1.; "I reckon, it seems to me" thugkeith mis; (believe, hold opinion) munan, pp. - man, munum, munda.; (believe) ga-laubjan, wv. 1. (dat. of person, acc. of thing); "reckon superior" faura-rahnjan, wv. 1.
|
| recline |
ana-kumbjan, wv. 1.
|
| recognise |
(realise) ga-kunnan, wv. 3., uf-kunnan, (present as wv. 3., pret. almost always strong: uf-kuntha, but one example each of weak pret. and past part.: uf-kunnaida, uf-kunnaidai); (defer/submit to, acknowledge authority of) ga-kunnan, pp. - ga-kann, ga-kunnum, ga-kuntha.
|
| recognition |
(of facts, knowledge) uf-kunthi, sn.
|
| recommend |
(advocate, recommend person, entrust as tradition) ana-filhan, sv. III.; (introduce) ga-kannjan, us-kannjan, wv. 1.
|
| recommendation |
ana-filh, sn.
|
| recompense (n.) |
anda-launi, sn.
|
| recompense (v.) |
(pay) us-gildan, sv. III.; (pay up, show) us-giban, sv. V.
|
| recon |
(visit, scouting/spying out) niuhseins, sf.
|
| reconcile |
ga-frithon, wv. 2. +acc. - "to/with" +dat.; "make one's peace with, become reconciled with" ga-sibjon, wv. 2. +dat.
|
| reconciliation |
ga-frithons, sf.
|
| reconnaissance |
(inspection, scouting visit) niuhseins, sf.
|
| reconnoitre |
bi-niuhsjan, wv. 1.
|
| recover |
(get well) ga-nisan, sv. V., ga-hailnan, wv. 4., waila wairthith (impersonal +dat.) - "they will get better" waila wairthith im.
|
| rectification |
ga-raihteins, sf.
|
| rectify |
ga-raihtjan, at-ga-raihtjan, wv. 1.; (mend) aftra ga-botjan, wv. 1., aftra ga-satjan, wv. 1.
|
| red |
rauths (gen. raudis).
|
| redden |
*riudan, sv. II.; (blush) *ga-riudan, sv. II.
|
| redeem |
(pay ransom for) *us-lunjan, wv. 1.; (buy, buy back) us-bugjan, wv. 1. +dat. or +acc. - us-bauhta, us-bauhts.
|
| redeem |
us-bugjan, wv. 1. - us-bauhta, us-bauhts.
|
| redemption |
faurbauhts, sf., us-luneins, sf.; (invitation, consolation, redemption) lathons, sf.
|
| redemption |
us-luneins, sf.
|
| reduce |
(curtail, cut short, reduce in number) ga-maurgjan, wv. 1.
|
| reduction |
wanains, sf.
|
| reed |
raus, sn. (gen. rausis).
|
| reef |
(rib, reef) •ribi, sn.
|
| reel (n.) |
haspa, sf.
|
| reel in |
haspan, ana-haspan, wv. 3.
|
| refer |
(apply/relate an example to) thairh-ga-leikon, wv. 2.; (compare, give birth to) ga-bairan, sv. IV.
|
| reflect |
(think) hugjan, wv. 1.; (consider, take note of, reflect on) at-saihwan, sv. V.
|
| reflection |
(image, example) fri-sahts, sf.; "see as a reflection" saihwan thairh skuggwan, thairh-saihwan, sv. V.
|
| refrain (v.) |
"hold back, avoid, refrain" ga-haban sik, wv. 3. - "from" af +dat.
|
| refresh |
ana-thrafstjan, wv. 1.
|
| refusal |
(refusal, reluctance) us-werei, wf.
|
| refuse (n.) |
(excrement, rubbish) smarnos, sf.pl.; (reject, abortion) us-waurpa, sf.
|
| refuse (v.) |
un-werjan, wv. 1.
|
| regard (n.) |
(respect, obedience) uf-hauseins, sf.; (respect, high regard) *aiza, sf.; "regard as superior" faura-rahnjan, wv. 1.; "regarding" bi +dat., faur +acc.; "in this regard" in thizai halbai; "in every regard" bi all, in allamma.
|
| regard (v.) |
(rate, judge) rahnjan, ga-rahnjan, domjan, wv. 1., miton, wv. 2.; (believe, consider as) munan, pp. man, munum, munda; (watch, pay attention/consideration to, have regard/deference for) and-saihwan, sv. III.; (look at, consider) in-saihwan, sv. V.; (pay attention to, aim towards) mundon, wv. 2. +acc.; (gaze, stare, watch, look attentively) fair-weitjan, wv. 1. "at" du, or +gen. - "up to, as far as" in +acc.; "watch up to the end of" fairweitjan und andi +gen.; "respect, honour, have regard for" sweran, aistan, ga-aistan, wv. 3.
|
| regarding |
bi +dat., faur +acc.
|
| regiment |
thusundi, sf.; "regiment commander" thiu-faths, thusundi-faths, sm. (i-stem, gen. -fadis).
|
| region |
gawi, sn, gaujans (wm. pl.), land, sn.; (region, side) fera, sf.; (region, earth) airtha, sf.
|
| register |
ana-meljan, wv. 1.
|
| registration (e.g. for tax) |
meleins, sf.
|
| regret (n.) |
(remorse) idreiga, sf.; (sadness) trigo, wf.
|
| regret (v.) |
idreigon, wv. 2.
|
| regular |
(frequent, continual, daily) sinteins; (normal) bi-uhts.
|
| regularly |
(often) ufta; (continually) sinteino.
|
| reign (n.) |
"the thirty-second year of Ataxerxes' reign" jer 30 jah anthar Artarksairksaus.
|
| reign over |
fraujinon +dat., ga-fraujinon +dat., raginon +dat., reikinon +dat., thiudanon ufar, wv. 2. +dat., ga-waldan, sv. VII. +dat., faura-standan, sv. V.
|
| rein |
•brigdil, sn.
|
| reinvite |
(invite back/again) aftra-ga-lathon, wv. 2.
|
| reject (n.) |
(ejection, cast-off, miscarriage) us-waurpa, sf.
|
| reject |
us-kiusan, sv. II. +dat.; (reject, deny, frustrate, refuse) in-widan, sv. V.; (reject, despise) uf-brikan, sv. IV., fra-kunnan, pp. - fra-kann, fra-kunnum, fra-kuntha (dat. or: at +dat.); (throw out, reject, drive out, overthrow) us-wairpan, sv. III. +dat. or +acc.; (condemn, curse) af-domjan, wv. 1.; (refuse, disagree) un-werjan, wv. 1.; "spit at, despise, reject" and-speiwan, sv. I.
|
| rejected |
fra-kunths; "be rejected" fra-kunths wairthan, sv. III.
|
| rejoice |
faginon, wv. 2., sifan, wv. 3., swignjan, swegnjan, wv. 1.; "rejoice in/about/because of" faginon +dat., faginon in +dat., faginon in +gen., faginon ana +dat.; "rejoice because/that" faginon thammei, faginon in thammei, sifan ei +subjunctive; (rejoice in spirit, in one's heart) swegnjan ahmin.
|
| rejoicing (n.) |
swegnitha, swignitha, sf.
|
| relate |
(tell) ga-teihan, sv. I., spillon, wv, II.; (refer) thairh-ga-leikon, wv. 2.; (compare, give birth to) ga-bairan, sv. IV.
|
| related |
sama-kuns (i-stem).
|
| relation |
(male) ga-nithjis, sm.; (female) ga-nithjo, wf.; (kin, relations) kuni, sn.
|
| relationship |
sibja, sf.
|
| relax |
(INTR.) (pause) hweilan, ga-hweilan, wv. 3.; (leave off - e.g. of fit/madness) af-linnan, sv. III.; (TRANS.) (ease, soothe) •linthjan, wv. 1.; "give rest/respite to" ana-hweilan, wv. 3.; (refresh, cheer, comfort) ana-thrafstjan, wv. 1.; (relax/relieve burdon, help with debts) *un-kaurjan, wv. 1.
|
| relaxation |
(respite, rest) ga-hweilains, sf.
|
| release (n.) |
fra-let, sn.
|
| release (v.) |
fra-letan, sv, VII. +acc., lausjan, wv. 1. +acc. - "from" us +dat.; "be released" and-letnan, wv. 4.
|
| reliability |
(firmness, steadfastness) tulgitha, sf.; (security, safety, firmness) thwastitha, sf.; (certainty, truth) astaths, sf.
|
| reliable |
triggws; (truthful) un-luigands.
|
| reliably |
(truly) sunjaba.
|
| relief |
(amelioration, improvement in condition) iusila, sf.; (relieving of burden, alleviation of debts) un-kaureins, sf.; (soothing) •lintheins, sf.; (charity/alms, mercy) arma-hairtitha, sf., armaio, wf.; (supplies, aid, support) and-stald, sn.; (supplies, needs, living expenses) anda-wizns, sf.; (support) #stutja, sf.; (help) *hilpa, sf.
|
| relieve |
(refresh, cheer, comfort) ana-thrafstjan, wv. 1.; (alleviate) •linthjan, wv. 1.; (ameliorate, improve) *iusilon, wv. 2.; (unburden, help out with debts/expenses) *un-kaurjan, wv. 1.; "give rest/respite to" ana-hweilan, wv. 3.
|
| relocate |
mith-satjan, wv. 1.
|
| reluctance |
(unwillingness, refusal) un-werei, wf.; (reluctance, regret) trigo, sf.
|
| reluctant |
*un-wers (i-stem); "to be reluctant, to refuse" un-wenjan, wv. 1.
|
| reluctantly |
us trigon.
|
| rely on |
(trust) trauan, ga-trauan, wv. 3. +dat., wenjan in/du, wv. 1. +dat.
|
| remain |
(stay behind) af-lifnan, wv. 4, bi-leiban, sv. I.; (dwell, carry on being, continue to exist) wisan, sv. V.; (stay) ga-wisan, sv. V. - "he remained dumb" gawas dumbs; (continue, persist) thairh-wisan, fram-wairthis wisan, sv. V.; "he remained dumb" gawas dumbs; (be, be in existence) "they remain to this day, they are still here/alive" sind und hita; (remain in place/condition, come to a stop, stay standing still, abide, stand fast) ga-standan, sv. VI.; "remain with, stay with" mith-ga-wisan, sv. V.
|
| remainder |
laiba, sf.
|
| remark |
qithan, sv. V.
|
| remarkable |
(amazing) silda-leiks.
|
| remedy (v.) |
(heal) hailjan, ga-hailjan, wv. 1. +gen., aftra gasatjan, wv. 1., lekinon, wv. 2.; (save, heal) ga-nasjan, wv. 1.; (rectify, correct) ga-raihtjan, at-ga-raihtjan, wv. 1.; (mend) aftra ga-botjan, wv. 1., aftra ga-satjan, wv. 1.
|
| remember |
(recall, bear in mind) ga-munan, pp. - ga-man, ga-munum, ga-munda (gen., acc.); "remember that..." ga-munan that-ei...; "remember what was said" gamunan thata waurd / this waurdis; "because of her joy, she doesn't remember the pain" ni gaman thizos aglons faura fahedai; (remind, recall) ga-maudjan, wv. 1. (acc. of person reminded, gen. of thing recalled); "I remind you to" gamaudja thuk + inf.; (recall) ga-maudein and-niman, sv. IV.
|
| remembrance |
ga-munds, ga-maudeins, sf., ga-minthi, sn.
|
| remind |
ga-maudjan, wv. 1. (acc. of person reminded, gen. of thing to remember); "I remind you to" gamaudja thuk + inf.
|
| remission (of sins) |
af-lageins, sf, af-lets, sm., fra-lets, sm.
|
| remnant |
laiba, sf.
|
| remorse |
idreiga, sf.
|
| remorseful |
*idreigs.
|
| remove |
(take away) af-niman, us-niman, sv. IV.; (shift, transplant) mith-satjan, wv. 1.
|
| remuneration |
laun, sn., anda-launi, sn.
|
| rend |
tahjan, wv. 1., *tairan, wv. 4.; *skreitan, sv. I.; (tear up/apart/to pieces) dis-skreitan, sv. I, dis-tairan, ga-tairan, sv. IV.
|
| renew |
ana-niujan, wv. 1.
|
| renewal |
ana-niujitha, sf.; (restoration) aftra-ana-stodeins, sf.
|
| renounce |
af-qithan, sv. V. +dat., af-aikan, sv. VII.+acc., af-standan, sv. VI. +dat.
|
| renown |
(fame, boast) hwoftuli; (report, rumour) meritha, sf.; (fame) *merei, wf.; (glory) #hroms, sm.; (triumph, glory/fame in victory) *hroth, sn. (gen. *hrothis); (exaltedness) hauhitha, sf.; (honour) *swerei, wf., *sweritha, sf.; "seek renown for one's self" hauhitha seina sokjan, wv. 1.; (importance, worthiness) wairthida, sf.; (prestige, insight, opinion, judgement) doms, sm.
|
| renowned |
(esteemed) swers; (famous) *mereis, *hluths (gen. *hluthis); (reputable, well-regarded) thuhts, waila-mereis.
|
| rent apart, to be |
dis-skritnan, dis-taurnan, wv. 4.
|
| repair |
aftra ga-botjan, wv. 1., aftra ga-satjan, wv. 1.; (rectify) at-ga-raihtjan, wv. 1.
|
| repay |
(pay, repay) us-gildan, sv. III.; (pay up, show) us-giban, sv. V.
|
| repeal |
(abolish) blauthjan, wv. 1.
|
| repeat |
(say again) aftra qithan, sv. V.; "she began to repeat to those present" aftra dugann qithan thaim faurastandandam.
|
| repent |
idreigon, ga-idreigon, wv. 2.; "I repent, I'm sorry" idreigo mik (ana +dat. for thing repented).
|
| repentance |
idreiga, sf.
|
| replant |
(transplant, shift) mith-satjan, wv. 1.
|
| replendent |
wulthags.
|
| replica |
ga-leiki, sn.
|
| report (n.) |
(rumour, fame) meritha, sf.; (message, teaching) hauseins, sf.
|
| report (v.) |
spillon, us-spillon, sv. II. "to" +dat., (tell, reveal) ga-teihan, sv. I. (acc. of information, dat. of recipient), ga-swikunthjan, wv. 1.; (tell everyone, demean, participate) ga-mainjan, ga-ga-mainjan, wv. 1. +dat.; "they reported to him everything they had done" usspillodedun imma swa filu swe gatawidedun.
|
| reprehensible |
*wahs, fairina, w.adj.
|
| repress |
(persecute) wrikan, sv. V., wrakjan, wv. 1.; (oppress, burden) kaurjan, wv. 1.; (coerce, bully, tyrannise) ana-mahtjan, wv. 1.
|
| repression |
(perecution) wraka, wrakja, sf., wrekei, wf.; (power, tyranny, violence, coersion) ana-mahts, sf.
|
| reprimand (n.) |
anda-beit, sn., ga-sahts, hwota, sf., id-weit, sn.
|
| reprimand (v.) |
(rebuke, scold) ga-sakan, sv. VI. +dat. or +acc., ana-haitan, sv. VII. +dat., and-beitan, sv. I. +acc.; (rebuke, argue with) sakan, sv. VI. +dat.; (threaten, accuse) hwotjan, ga-hwotjan, wv. 1.; (reproach, blame) id-weitjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (blame, reproach, threaten, accuse) and-beitan, sv. I. +acc.; (slap in face) wlizjan, wv. 1.; (punish, avenge) fra-weitan, sv, I.; (teach, reprimand) talzjan, wv. 1.
|
| reproach (n.) |
id-weit, sn.
|
| reproach (v.) |
ga-sakan, sv. VI. +dat. or +acc.; (reproach, blame, revile) id-weitjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (blame, reproach, threaten, accuse) and-beitan, sv. I. +acc.
|
| reprobate (adj.) |
us-kusans.
|
| reprobate (n.) |
un-sibjis, ubil-tojis, fra-waurhts, sm., missa-taujands, m.; (criminal) wai-dedja, wm.
|
| reproof |
ga-sahts, sf., anda-beit, sn., id-weit, sn.
|
| reprove |
(rebuke, scold) ga-sakan, sv. VI. +dat. or +acc., ana-haitan, sv. VII. +dat.; (rebuke, argue with) sakan; (threaten, accuse) hwotjan, ga-hwotjan, wv. 1.; (reproach, blame, revile) id-weitjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (blame, reproach, threaten, accuse) and-beitan, sv. I. +acc.
|
| repugnant |
anda-sets (i-stem).
|
| repulse |
af-skiuban, sv. II.
|
| repulsive |
anda-sets (i-stem).
|
| reputable |
thuhts, waila-mereis.
|
| reputation |
(fame, repute) *merei; (report, rumour) meritha, sf.; (good repute) waila-merei, wf.; "bad reputation" *ubil-merei, sf.
|
| repute |
(fame) *merei, wf.; (glory) #hroms, sm.; (fame, boast) hwoftuli; (report, rumour) meritha, sf.; (triumph, glory/fame in victory) *hroth, sn. (gen. *hrothis); "good repute" waila-merei, wf.; "ill repute" *ubil-merei, sf.
|
| reputed |
(SUPPOSED, imagined) ahiths; (expected, supposed) ga-weniths, wv. 1.; (presupposed, prejudged) faura-domiths; munds; (RECKONED, considered) rahniths; (FAMED) *mereis; (of good repute) waila-mereis; (esteemed) swers.
|
| request (n.) |
aihtrons, bida, sf.; (complaint, plaint, demand) *aihtr, sn.; (entreaty) uf-bloteins, sf.; (intercession) liteins, sf.
|
| request (v.) |
(ask, pray) bidjan, sv. V.; (ask, learn by asking) fraihnan, ga-fraihnan, sv. V. (gen. of thing, acc. of person asked); (beg) aihtron, wv. 2.
|
| require |
thaurban, pp. +gen., tharf, thaurbum, thaurfta.
|
| requirement |
tharba, thaurfts, naudi-thaurfts, nauths, sf. (gen. nauthais) - "requirement of/for" nauths +gen.; "requirements, supplies, living expenses" anda-wizns, sf.
|
| requite |
us-giban, sv. V., us-gildan, sv. III.
|
| requisite |
"requisites, supplies, living expenses" anda-wizns, sf.
|
| resemblance |
ga-leiki, sn.
|
| resemble |
ga-leikon, wv. 2. +dat.; "transform to resemble" inn-ga-leikon, wv. 2. +dat.
|
| reside |
bauan, wv. 3., saljan, wv. 1.
|
| residence |
(dwelling) bauains, *dauka, •baggwitha, sf.; (house) hus, sn.; (village, home village, homestead, farm) haims, sf. (but declined as o-stem in pl.); (home, habitat, homeland) •arthus, sm.; (lodgings, mansion) salithwos, sf.pl.; "at home, in residence" ana-haimeis; "to be at home" in-wisan, irreg.; "absent/away from home" af-haimeis.
|
| resin |
(amber) #gles, sn. (gen. #glezis).
|
| resolution |
(resolve, determination, intent) muns, sm. (i-stem); (promise) ga-hait, sn.; (oath) aiths, sm. (gen. aithis); (agreement, accord, covenant) trausti, sn., triggwa, wf.
|
| resolve (n.) |
(resolution, determination, intent) muns, sm. (i-stem).
|
| resolve (v.) |
(INTR. form as image) ga-fri-sahtnan, wv. 4.
|
| resound |
(crash, bang) *hlimman, sv. III.; (clang) klismjan, wv. 1.
|
| respect (n.) |
(respect, obedience) uf-hauseins, sf; (honour, respect) *aiza, sf.; "in respect of, regarding" bi +dat., faur +acc.; "in this respect" in thizai halbai; "in every respect" in allamma, bi all.
|
| respect (v.) |
(have regard for) aistan, ga-aistan, wv. 3.; (honour) sweran, wv. 3.; (heed, obey) uf-hausjan, wv. 1. +dat.; "respect/obey one's parents" bar-usnjan, wv. 1.; "respect as superior, rate better" faura-rahnjan, wv. 1.; "respecting/regarding" bi +dat., faur +acc.; "in this respect" in thizai halbai.
|
| respectability |
(respectability) ga-riudi, sn.; (importance, worth) wairthida, sf.; (honour) sweritha, sf.
|
| respectable |
(dignified, modest) ga-riuths (gen. ga-riudis); (important, significant) wulthrs; (important, powerful) reikeis; (esteemed) swers; (worthy) wairths; (decently dressed) *ga-fehs.
|
| respectably |
(decent in appearance) ga-fehaba; (commendably, properly) ga-redaba; (worthily) wairthaba.
|
| respite (n.) |
(rest, a break, relaxation) ga-hweilains, sf.; "give respite to" ana-hweilan, wv. 3.
|
| resplendence |
wulthus, sm.
|
| rest (n.) |
(resting, relaxation) ga-hweilains, sf.; (peace) rimis, sn. (gen. rimisis); "the rest, the others" antharai (pl. of anthar).
|
| rest (v.) |
(pause) hweilan, ga-hweilan, wv. 3.; "give rest/respite" ana-hweilan, wv. 3.
|
| restitution |
(recompense) anda-launi, sn.
|
| restoration |
aftra-ana-stodeins, sf.
|
| restore |
(mend, heal, restore to proper condition) aftra ga-satjan, wv. 1, aftra gabotjan, wv. 1.; "restore to health" hailjan, ga-hailjan, wv. 1. +gen., lekinon, wv. 2.; "save, heal" ga-nasjan, wv. 1.; (repay, show) us-giban, sv. V.
|
| restrain |
(hamper, delay, check, hold up) latjan, ga-latjan, ana-latjan, wv. 1.; "restrain from" latjan, wv. 1. (dat. + inf.); (forbid, block, prevent) warjan, wv. 1.; (stop a flow, dam up) faur-dammjan, wv. 1.; "restrain oneself, hold back, avoid, refrain" ga-haban sik, wv. 3. - "from" af +dat.; (capture) fra-hinthan, us-hinthan, sv. III.; (imprison) ga-lagjan in karkarai, wv. 1.; (capture, take, keep) ga-haban, wv. 3.; "restrain oneself, exercise self-restraint" ga-haban sik, wv. 3.
|
| restrained |
(discreet) *faurs (i-stem); (dignified, self-controlled) ana-wiljis; (captive) fra-hunthans.
|
| restraint |
(FETTER) bandi, ga-binda, ga-bundi, kuna-wida, naudi-bandi, sf.; (of iron) eisarna-bandi, sf.; "irons" eisarna, sn.pl.; (CONSTRAINT, force, necessity, duress) nauths, sf. (gen. nauthais); (restriction) ga-aggwei, wf.; (violence, coersion) ana-mahts, sf.; (SELF-CONTROL) *ga-hobains, sf.; (calm, dignity, equanimity, self-possession) ana-wiljei, wf.; (control, guidance, self-control, steering) *stiurei, wf.; "exercise self-restraint" ga-haban sik, wv. 3.
|
| restrict |
ga-aggwjan, wv. 1.
|
| restriction |
ga-aggwei, wf.
|
| result (n.) |
(deed, effect) taui, sn.; "as a result of, because of" in +gen.
|
| resurrection |
ur-rists, us-stass, sf.
|
| retain |
ga-haldan, sv. VII.; at sis ga-haban, wv. 3.
|
| retard (v.) |
(delay, impede) latjan, ana-latjan, wv. 1.
|
| retinue |
(military) drauhts, sf.
|
| retribution |
(punishment, revenge) fra-weit, sn.
|
| return (n.) |
qums aftra, sm. (i-stem).
|
| return (v.) |
(GO/COME AGAIN/BACK) aftra ga-leithan, sv. I., aftra qiman, sv. IV.; (TURN/HEAD BACK) at-wandjan, wv. 1.; (REPENT, PHYSICALLY GO/TURN BACK, RETURN TO SOME PRACTISE, GIVE BACK, CAUSE TO COME BACK) ga-wandjan, wv. 1.; "he returned the 30 silver pennies to the priests" gawandida thans thins tiguns silubrineize gudjam; "he shall cause many of the sons of Israel to return to the Lord their God" managans suniwe Israelis gawandeid du fraujin guda ize; (RESTORE, mend, heal, return to former condition) aftra ga-satjan, wv. 1, aftra gabotjan, wv. 1.; "heal, return s-one to health" hailjan, ga-hailjan, wv. 1. +gen., lekinon, wv. 2.; (save, heal) ga-nasjan, wv. 1.; "be healed, RETURN TO HEALTH" ga-hailnan, wv. 4., waila wairthith (impersonal +dat.) - "they will get better" waila wairthith im; "be saved, returned to health" ga-nisan, sv. V.; (REPAY, show) us-giban, sv. V.
|
| reveal |
(uncover) and-huljan, wv. 1.; (show) augjan, at-augjan, wv. 1., bairhtjan, ga-bairhtjan, wv I.; (divulge) us-qithan, wv. V.; (tell) ga-teihan, sv. I. (acc. of information, dat. of recipient); "the future will be revealed to you" thata anawairtho gateihith izwis; (report) spillon, wv. 2.; (tell, make manifest) ga-swikunthjan, wv. 1.; (tell everyone, defile, participate) ga-mainjan, ga-ga-mainjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (give away information) bandwjan, wv. 1. - "your accent gives you away" razda theina bandweith thuk; (bring to light, light up, shed light on) ga-liuhtjan, wv. 1.
|
| revelation |
and-huleins, sf.
|
| revelry |
ga-baur, sm.
|
| revenge |
(punishment, revenge) fra-weit, sn.
|
| revere |
(respect) aistan, ga-aistan, wv. 3.; (fear, be in awe of) *ogan, pp. - og, *ogum, ohta.
|
| reverence |
(worship) blotan, sv. VII.; (greet) in-weitan, sv. I. +acc.; (respect) aistan, ga-aistan, wv. 3.
|
| reverend |
(title of priest) papa, sm. - "Father/Reverend Wereka" Wereka papa.
|
| revile |
(hate) fijan, wv. 3, hatan, wv. 3, hatjan, wv. 1.; (insult) lauan, sv. VII. +dat. - lailo, lauans; (reproach, blame) id-weitjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (blame, reproach, threaten, accuse) and-beitan, sv. I. +acc.
|
| revise |
(correct further, set straight) at-ga-raihtjan, wv. 1.
|
| revive |
(bring to life) ga-qiujan, wv. 1.; (come to life) ga-qiunan, wv. 4.; (bring back to life) *afar-ga-qiujan, wv. 1.; (come back to life) *afar-ga-qiunan, wv. 4.
|
| revolution |
(overthrow) us-walteins, sf.
|
| reward (n.) |
(reward, payment, wage) laun, anda-launi, sn., mizdo, wf.; "reward of victory" sigis-laun.
|
| reward (v.) |
(pay, repay) us-gildan, sv. III.; (repay, pay up, show) us-giban, sv. V.
|
| rib |
•ribi, sn.
|
| ribaldry |
saldra, sf.
|
| rich |
gabeigs, gabigs; "get rich" gabignan, wv. 4.; "make rich" gabigjan, wv.I.; "be rich" ufarassu haban, wv. 3., in ufarassau wisan, irreg.; "the rich" thai in ufarassau wisandans.
|
| riches |
gabei, wf., faihu-thraihn(s), ?sm. ?sn.; (wealth, cattle) faihu, sn.; (money, coin) skatts, sm.; (mammon) mammona, wm.; (plenty) ufarassus, sm.
|
| richly |
ga-bigaba.
|
| ride (v.) |
*reidan, sv. I. (+dat. in ON; on +dat. in OE, usually, but also just dat.: ridan ytha hrycgum).
|
| ridicule |
bi-hlahjan, sv. VI, bi-laikan, sv. VII., •skairnjan, bi-mampjan, wv. 1.
|
| right (adj.) |
(CORRECT, STRAIGHT) raihts; (TRUE) sunjis, sunjeins; (JUST, right, fair, RIGHTEOUS) us-waurhts, ga-raihts; (WELL, correct, rightly) waila; "were we not right to say that...?" niu waila qitham weis thatei...?; (APPROPRIATE) ga-dofs (i-stem, gen. ga-dobis); (PROPERLY, advisedly) ga-redaba; (decent) *ga-fehs; (properly, respectably) ga-fehaba; (appropriately) ga-temiba, ga-tilaba; "PUT RIGHT, correct" ga-raihtjan, wv. 1.; (RIGHT/LAWFUL TO DO) "it is right to" skuld ist (+inf.); "it is not right/lawful" ni skuld ist" (+inf.).
|
| right (hand) |
(OPPOSITE OF LEFT) taihswa, w.adj.; "RIGHT HAND, the right" taihswo, wf.; "if anyone hits you on the right cheek" jabai hwas thuk stautai bi taiwswon theina kinnu; "he chopped off his right ear" afsloh imma auso thata taihswo; "on [the/his/her/my. etc.] left side" af hleidumein/taihswon ferai; "standing to the right of the altar" standands af taihswon hunslastadis; "he sat at God's right hand" af taihswon gudis.
|
| right (n.) |
(justice, righteousness) ga-raihtei, wf., ga-raihtitha, sf.
|
| righteous |
ga-raihts, us-waurhts.
|
| righteousness |
(justice) ga-raihtei, wf.; (correction) ga-raihteins, sf.
|
| rightly |
(CORRECTLY, properly) raihtaba; (correctly, justly) ga-raihtaba; (WELL, excellently, kindly) waila; (RESPECTABLY) ga-fehaba; (commendably, properly) ga-redaba; (APPROPRIATELY) ga-temiba, ga-tilaba; (suitably, worthily) wairthaba; (ACTUALLY, in fact, namely) raihtis; (TRULY) sunjaba.
|
| rigid |
(hard) hardus; (harsh, strict) *hwass; (narrow) aggwus; "go rigid" ga-staurknan, wv. 4.
|
| rigidly |
(harshly, severely) harduba, hardaba; (strictly, harshly, sharply) hwassaba.
|
| rill |
rinno, wf.
|
| ring |
figgra-gulth, sn, •hriggs, sm. (Crim. rinck/ringo; Church Slav. useregz 'earring').
|
| riotously |
us-stiuriba.
|
| riotousness |
us-stiurei, wf.
|
| rim |
(edge, shield rim) •randa, sf., •targo, wf.
|
| rip (n.) |
ga-taura, wm.
|
| rip (v.) |
tahjan, wv. 1., *tairan, wv. 4.; (tear up/apart/to pieces) dis-skreitan, sv. I, dis-tairan, ga-tairan, sv. IV.
|
| ripen |
(mature, fruit) ga-wrisqan, sv. III.
|
| rise (v.) |
reisan, ur-reisan, sv. I.; (mount, climb) steigan, sv. I.; (rise, go forth/out from, spring up) ur-rinnan, sv. III.; (quickly, shoot upwards) us-hlaupan, sv. VII.; (stand up, rise, come out/from) us-standan, sv. VI.
|
| rising (n.) |
(rising up, resurrection) ur-rists, us-stass, sf.; (sunrise, the east, drain/sewer/toilet) ur-runs, sm. (i-stem, gen. ur-runsis).
|
| river |
ahwa, sf.; •baks, m. (i-stem); (stream) rinno, sf.; "the [River] Jordan" Iaurdane ahwa (No definite article, unlike Greek or English - but any qualifying adjective would probably be definite, cf. fairguni alewjo 'Mount of Olives').
|
| rivulet |
rinno, wf.
|
| road |
gagg, sn., staiga, sf., wigs, sm.; "on/onto the road" ana wiga; (footprint, tracks, trail, step) laists, sm., (i-stem); (ROUGH TRACK) us-drusts, sf.; "on the way" in wiga; "go on one's way" usgaggan in wig; (TRAIL, path, footprint, tracks, step, ?objective/intention) laists, sm. (i-stem); (a rough track) us-drusts, sf.; (STREET) gatwo, wf., *platja, ga-runs, sf. (gen. ga-runsais), faura-dauri, sn.
|
| roast |
•brason, wv. 2.
|
| rob |
bi-raubon, wv. 2. (acc. of victim; thing stolen not attested, but ?gen. as in OHG), wilwan, dis-wilwan, sv. III.; (deprive) ga-tarnjan, wv. 1.
|
| robber |
wilwa, sm.
|
| robbery |
wulwa, sf.
|
| robe |
(coat, cloak) snaga, wm.
|
| rock (n.) |
stains, sm.
|
| rock (v.) |
(TRANS.) (move, shake, wag) wagjan, wv. 1.; (shake, perturb) af-swaggwjan, wv. 1.; (shake, stir) ga-wagjan, wv. 1.; (INTR.) (tremble, shake) reiran, wv. 3.; (begin to shake) in-reiran, wv. 3.; (make tremble) af-swaggwjan, wv. 1.
|
| rod |
hrugga, sf., wandus, sm., triu, sn., •roda, sf.
|
| roll |
(TRANS.) walwjan, wv. 1.; "roll away" af-walwjan, wv. 1.; "roll to" at-walwjan, wv. 1.; "cover by rolling s-thing in front of" faur-walwjan, wv. 1. +dat. for thing rolled & acc. for thing covered (the other walwjan verbs have acc. for thing rolled + dative for any beneficiary); (roll, roll over, capsise) *wiltan, sv. III.; (INTR.) (rock, turn over, capsise) waltjan, wv. 1.; (roll, tumble) *wiltan, sv. III.; "roll around on the floor" walwison, wv. 2.
|
| Romans |
Rumoneis, sm.pl.
|
| Rome |
Ruma, sf.
|
| roof |
hrot, sn.
|
| room |
(room, space) rums, sm.; "there wasn't any room for them" ni was im rumis; (chamber) hethjo, wf.; (upper room) kelikn, sn.; (lodgings, mansion, dwelling) salithwos, sf.pl.
|
| room, to find |
ga-motan, pp. - ga-mot, ga-motum, ga-mosta.
|
| root |
waurts, sf.
|
| rooted |
ga-waurts.
|
| rootless |
us-wiss.
|
| rootlessness |
(detachment, separateness) us-wissi, sn.
|
| rope |
*sail, sn., *wida, sf.; (fetter, rope for tying prisoner) kuna-wida, sf.
|
| rot (n.) |
"rot, ruin, corruption, transience" riurei, wf.; "mould" •mudw, sn.
|
| rot (v.) |
(INTR.) fra-wairthan, sv. III.; "to go mouldy" •mugan, wv. 3.; (TRANS. "ruin, spoil") fra-wardjan, wv. 1.; riurjan, wv. 1.
|
| rotten |
(perishable, rotten, spoilt) riureis; "mouldy" •mudweins; "go rotten, become corrupt/spoilt" riureis wairthan, sv. III.
|
| rough |
*un-sutis; (unkind) un-mildeis; (violent) slahals; (ferociously violent) un-mana-riggws; "rough situation" un-suti, sn.; (uncertain) un-wiss.
|
| roughly |
(approximately) swe.
|
| round |
(PREP: around, round, near) bi +acc.; "around, surrounding, round about" bi-sunjane; "round about, approximately" swe; "round his waist/loins" bi hup seinana.
|
| rouse |
(WAKE UP someone) us-wakjan, wv. 1.; (wake, raise) ur-raisjan, wv. 1.; (bring round) us-skaujan, wv. 1.; (be roused from sleep) ga-waknan, wv. 4.; (come to, regain consciousness) us-skaujan sik. (also with passive: "to recover oneself"); (TO STIR UP EMOTION) (anger, provoke) gramjan, in-gramjan, wv. 1.; (stir up, excite - e.g. a crowd) us-wagjan, wv. 1.; (agitate, stir up, disturb) drobjan, wv. 1.; (move inwardly, stir, arouse passion/emotion) in-wagjan, wv. 1.; "be roused to emotion/pity" in-wagjan sik, in-rauhtjan, wv. 1.; (be roused to compassion) in-feinan, wv. 4.
|
| route |
*rannjan, wv. 1. (+dat.? cf. ON renna).
|
| router |
(r)rannja, wm.
|
| row (v.) |
(travel by boat) farjan, wv. 1.
|
| rowdiness |
us-stiurei, wf.
|
| rowdy |
(riotous) *us-stiurs (i-stem); (disobedient) un-ga-hwairbs.
|
| rub |
bnauan, sv. VII.? (as originally), or wv. III. (like bauan & trauan); (wipe) swairban, sv. III.; "rub out" af-swairban, sv. III.; (smear) bi-smeitan, ga-smeitan, sv. I. (dat. of pers. smeared, acc. of body part smeared & substance), BUT: "he smeared mud in his eyes" gasmait ana imma thata fani.
|
| rubbish |
(excrement, rubbish) smarnos, sf.pl.; (reject, abortion) us-waurpa, sf.
|
| rude language |
aglaiti-waurdei, wf.
|
| rude speech |
aglaiti-waurdei, wf.
|
| rude |
aglait(i)-
|
| rudeness |
aglaiti, sn.
|
| rue (v.) |
idreigon, wv. 2.
|
| rueful |
*idreigs.
|
| ruefulness |
(remorse, repentance) idreiga, sf.
|
| Rugian |
(a Rugian man) #Rugjis, sm.
|
| ruin (n.) |
(annihilation, doom) qisteins, sf.; (tearing down, demolition, destruction in general) ga-taurths, sf.; (wastage, spoiling) *fra-qisteins, sf.; (dispersal, scattering, shredding, diaspora) dis-taheins, sf.; (end of existence) dis-wiss, sf.; (dissolution, end, melting away) ga-malteins, sf. (corrupting, degeneration) fra-wardeins, sf.; (corrosion, disintegration, transience, rot) riurei, wf.
|
| ruin (v.) |
(spoil) fra-wardjan, riurjan, wv. 1.; (demolish, destroy) ga-tairan, wv. 4.; (destroy) qistjan, fra-qistjan, us-qistjan, wv. 1. +dat. or +acc.
|
| rule (n.) |
(reign, power, empire) reiki, sn.; "by the rules" witodeigo.
|
| rule (v.) |
fraujinon +dat., ga-fraujinon +dat., raginon +dat., reikinon, wv. 2. +dat., waldan +dat., ga-waldan, sv. VII. +dat., faura-standan, sv. V.; thiudanon, wv. 2. - "over" ufar +dat.
|
| ruler |
reiks, fraujinonds, m., faura-mathleis, faur-stasseis, sm.; (GOVERNOR) kindins, sm.; (COUNCELLOR, GOVERNOR) ragineis, sm.; (KING) thiudans, (EMPEROR) kaisar, sm.; (LORD, MASTER) frauja; (MASTER) *waldands, (in compounds: MASTER) -faths, sm. (i-stem, gen. -fadis); synagoga-faths, sm. (i-stem, gen. fadis).
|
| rumour |
(rumour, fame) meritha, sf.
|
| run (n.) |
(course, flow, issue of fluid) runs, sm. (i-stem, gen. runsis).
|
| run (v.) |
rinnan, sv. III., thragjan, wv. 1.; "run up to" du-rinnan, du-at-rinnan, sv. III.; "run on ahead" bi-thragjan faur, wv. 1.; "run together" ga-rinnan, sv. III.; "run away" af-thliuhan, sv. II.; "run about" bi-rinnan, sv. III.
|
| rune |
(rune, secret, mystery) runa, sf.; (runic character, rune-stave) *runa-stafs, sm. (i-stem, gen. *runa-stabis).
|
| runnel |
(stream) rinno, wf.
|
| running (n.) |
(course, rush, flow, issue of fluid) runs, sm. (i-stem, gen. runsis).
|
| rush (n.) |
(reed) raus, sn. (gen. rausis); (sudden move, course, flow, issue of fluid) runs, sm. (i-stem, gen. runsis).
|
| rush (v.) |
sniwan, sv. V., sniumjan, ga-sniumjan, wv. 1., •hrapon, wv. 2.; "but God's wrath will rush upon them" aththan snauh ana ins hatis gudis; (run, hasten) rinnan, sv. III.; (rush/hasten towards) du-at-sniwan, sv. V.; "to rush violently" run ga-waurkjan sis - ga-waurhta, ga-waurhts; (rush past, rush on ahead, precede) faur-bi-sniwan, sv. V.; "rush on ahead of, precede" bi-sniwan faur, sv. V. +acc.
|
| rust |
nidwa, sf.
|
| rustle (n.) |
*swogs, sm. (i-stem).
|
| rustle (v.) |
*swogan, *hruskan, wv. 3.
|
| rye |
•rugs, sm. (i-stem) (cf. #Hulma-rugjos & Finn. ruis).
|
| sabbath |
sabbato (indeclinable); sabbatus (pl. fluctuates between i- & u- declensions).
|
| sabbath-eve |
fruma sabbato (indeclinable).
|
| sackcloth |
sakkus, sm.
|
| sacred |
airkns, weihs, hailags.
|
| sacrifice (n.) |
hunsl, tibr, sn., ala-brunsts, sf, sauths, sm. (i-stem, gen. saudis).
|
| sacrifice (v.) |
hunsljan, saljan, wv. 1.
|
| sad |
(sad, sullen) gaurs; (woeful, wretched, sad, pathetic) wainahs; (unhappy, discontented) un-wunands; "to be(come) sad" ga-hnipnan, wv. 4.; (mourn) gaunon, wv. 2.; (weep) gretan, sv. VII.; (weep and mourn) hiufan, sv. II., qainon, wv. 2.; (sorrow) saurgan, wv. 3.; (be upset/agitated) ga-drobnan, wv. 4.; (become upset) in-drobnan, wv, IV.
|
| sadden |
(sadden, grieve) *trigan, sv. V.
|
| sadness |
gauritha, saurga, sf., gaunothus, sm., gaurei, wf.; (pain, grief) sair, sn.; (sadness, regret) trigo, wf.
|
| safe (adj.) |
(secure) *thwasts; (safe, sound, healthy) hails.
|
| safe (n.) |
(strong-box) arka, sf.
|
| safekeeping |
*ga-freideins, sf.; (take into safekeeping, keep safe) *ga-freisjan, wv. 1.
|
| safely |
(securely) arniba.
|
| safety |
thwastitha, sf.
|
| sagacious |
froths (gen. frodis), snutrs, weis; (wise, clever) handugs; (wise, sober) in-ahs.
|
| sagacity |
frodei, snutrei, handugei, wf.; (reason, discresion) ga-frathjei, wf.
|
| sail (v.) |
(travel by boat) farjan, wv. 1.
|
| sake |
"for the sake of" (on behalf of) fram +dat.; (on account of) bi +dat., in +gen., du lewa +gen. - "for the sake of the flesh" du lewa leikis; "pray for the sake of" bidjan bi, sv. V. +acc.; "I beg you, for God's sake" biswara thuk bi guda.
|
| salary |
(pay, reward) laun, sn.; (worker's pay) *asno, wf.; (soldier's pay) anno, wf.
|
| saliva |
spaiskuldr, sn.
|
| salt (n.) |
salt, sn.
|
| salt (v.) |
(add salt to) saltan, sv. VII.
|
| salted |
*saltans.
|
| salutation |
goleins, sf.
|
| salute |
(greet) goljan, wv. 1.; (reverence, worship, greet) in-weitan, sv. I. +acc.
|
| salute |
(greeting, salutation) goleins, sf.
|
| salvation |
(saving, healing) ga-nists, naseins, sf.; (redemption) faur-bauhts, us-luneins, sf.
|
| salve (n.) |
(ointment) salbons, sf., balsan, sn.
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| same |
sama (pr. & w.adj.); "the same" thata samo; "one and the same" ain jah thata samo; "the same (things) tho samona; (identical) ibna-leiks, sama-leiks; "in the same way" ana-leiko, ga-leiko, sama-leiko; "the same size" sama-lauths (gen. -laudis); "of the same mind" aina-munds, sama-frathjis, sama-saiwals; "at the same time" bijands; "and at the same time" bijandz-uth-than.
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| sample (v.) |
(test, taste, prove) kausjan, wv. 1. (+gen. = "taste", +acc. = "test, etc.").
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| sanctify |
weihan, ga-weihan, wv. 3.
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| sanctity |
weihitha, sf.; (holyness, sincerity) airknitha, sf.
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| sanctuary |
*weih, sn.
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| sand |
malma, wm.; (sand, grit, gravel) #griut, sn.
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