| pace (n.) |
(step) griths, sf. (gen. gridais).
|
| pace (v.) |
(tread) trudan, sv. IV., *trimpan, sv. III.; (walk) hwairban, sv. III., hwarbon, wv. 2., skewjan, wv. 1.; (walk, go) gaggan, sv. VII. - iddja, gaggans.
|
| pacify |
(tame) ga-tamjan, wv. 1.; (subjugate) uf-hnaiwjan, wv. 1.; (calm) *ana-qaljan, wv. 1.; (calm, assage) •linthjan, wv. 1.
|
| pact |
trausti, sn.
|
| paddock |
(yard, pen for animals) garda, wm.
|
| page |
(manuscript, parchment) maimbrana, wm.
|
| pain (n.) |
(hurt, physical or mental) sair, sn.; (anguish, agony) aglo, wf. - "she does not remember the pain" ni gaman thizos aglons; (suffering) wunns, sf.; (suffering, agony, endurance) thulains, sf.; "agonies, Christ's passion" thulaineis, sf.pl.; "to overburden, cause pain" ana-kaurjan, wv. 1.
|
| pain (v.) |
(sadden, grieve) *trigan, sv. V.; (agrieve) gaurjan, wv. 1.; (irritate) us-agljan, wv. 1.; (torment) balwjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (agitate) drobjan, wv. 1.; (oppress as troubles) ana-praggan, sv. VII.; (burden, oppress) kaurjan, wv. 1.; (weigh down) af-hlathan, sv. VI.; (hinder, irk) marzjan, wv. 1.
|
| pair (n.) |
ga-juk, sn.; "pair of shoes" ga-skohi, sn.
|
| palace |
(kingdom, palace) thiudan-gardi, sf.
|
| palate |
(gum, palate) •goma, wm.
|
| pale (adj.) |
(pale, pale yellowish-grey) •falws.
|
| palm (of hand) |
lofa, wm.
|
| palm-tree |
peika-bagms, sm.
|
| pangs |
(physical or mental pain) sair, sn.; (suffering) wunns, sf.; (suffering, agony, endurance) thulains, sf.; (agonies) thulaineis, sf.pl.; "undergo pangs of childbirth" fitan, sv. V.; "feel pangs of lust" in-tundnan, wv. 4.
|
| paper |
(manuscript, parchment) maimbrana, wm.
|
| parable |
ga-juko, wf.; "in the form of a parable, allegorically" alja-leikoths, in ga-jukom, in fri-sahtai.
|
| paradise |
waggs, sm.
|
| paralytic person |
us-litha, wm.
|
| parched |
(dry, withered up) thaursus; "become parched/shrivelled" thairsan, sv. III., ga-thairsan, sv. III., thaursnan, ga-thaursnan, wv. 4.
|
| parchment |
maimbrana, wm.
|
| pardon (n.) |
af-lets, sm., af-lageins, sf.
|
| pardon (v.) |
af-letan, sv. VII. +dat. of person, +acc. of misdeed.
|
| parents |
berusjos, sm.pl., fadrein (sn. but treated as m.pl.) - "and his parents said" thai fadrein is jah qethun.
|
| park |
(meadow, paradise) waggs, sm.
|
| part (n.) |
(share, fragment) dails, sf.; (fragment) ga-bruka, sf.; (share) hlauts, sm.; "in part, partly" suman, bi sumata; (half, side) halba, sf.; (region, side) fera, sf.
|
| part (v.) |
(part from) twis-standan, sv. VI.; (TRANS., INTR., separate, divide, depart) skaidan, sv. VII. +dat. or +acc. - "let no man put asunder" manna thamma ni skaidai; "let not the wife part from her husband" qenai fairra abin ni skaidan; "to part/divide a man from/against his father" skaidan mannan withra attan; (depart) skaidan sik, sv. VII.; (INTR.) "part, separate" ga-skaidnan, wv. 4.
|
| partake of |
ga-brukjan, wv. 1. +gen. - bruhta, bruhts; fair-aihan, (irreg. pp. Commonest forms: aih, aigum, aihuth, aigun, aihta, aigands, 'g' in pres. subjunctive. But 'h' and 'g' fluctuate); "eat of" matjan, wv. 1. +gen; "drink of" drigkan, sv. III. +gen.
|
| partaker |
ga-daila, wm.
|
| parted, to become |
ga-skaidnan, wv. 4.
|
| partiality |
(bias, favouritism) wilja-halthei, wf.; (liking) leikains, sf.
|
| partially |
suman, us dailai.
|
| participant |
(in community, member) ga-mainja, wm.; (partaker, sharer, participant, partner) ga-daila, wm.
|
| particle |
(fragment) ga-bruka, sf.; (crumb) drauhsna, sf.; (small splinter) gramst, ?sn.
|
| particoloured |
filu-faihs.
|
| particular |
*us-sinths.
|
| particularly |
(specifically) this-hun, us-sindo; (greatly, very much) ufarassau.
|
| partisan (adj.) |
*wilja-halths.
|
| partition (wall) |
mith-gardi-waddjus, sf.
|
| partly |
suman, bi sumata, us dailai; "partly...partly" sumanuh than...sumanuh than.
|
| partner |
(comrade, colleague) ga-hlaiba, *ga-salja, wm., ga-man, sn.; (comrade, companion on journey) ga-sinthja, ga-sintha, wm.; (partner in something, partaker) ga-daila, wm.; (member, participant) ga-mainja, wm.; (FELLOW member, etc.) *MITH-ga-mainja, wm., etc.; (wife) qens, sf., qino, wf.; (husband) manna, wm.
|
| party (n.) |
(banquet, feast) dauhts, sf.; (banquet, revelry) ga-baur, sm.
|
| party (v.) |
bi-wisan, sv. V.
|
| pass |
(PASS BY, go past) faur-gaggan, sv. VII. - iddja, gaggans; (precede, OVERTAKE, go ahead of) faur-bi-gaggan, sv. VII. - iddja, gaggans; (overtake, rush on ahead, preceed) faur-sniwan, faur-bi-sniwan, bi-sniwan faur, sv. V. +acc.; (RUN PAST) bi-thragjan, wv. 1.; "running on ahead" bithragjands faur; (WANDER, walk, pass by) hwarbon, wv. 2.; (VANISH/PASS AWAY, go away, come/go out) us-leithan, sv. I.; "PASS OVER" ufar-leithan, sv. I.; "PASS ON" (knowledge) ana-filhan, sv. III. - "to" +dat.
|
| passage |
*fartho, wf.; (voyage) #fara, sf.; (journey) wratodus, sm.; (way, journey) wigs, sm.; (quote, expression, spoken passage in book/scripture) thata qithano, wn.
|
| passer-by |
faur-gaggands, wm.
|
| passing (adj.) |
(temporary, fickle, changeable) hweila-hwairbs; (perishable) riurs (i-stem); (transient, destructable) ga-taurnands.
|
| passion |
(sexual) gairuni, sn.; (sexual longing) winno, wf., winna, sf.; (zeal/willingness, envy) aljan, sn.; (anger) moths, sm. (gen. modis); (agony, suffering, the Passion) thulains, sf., thulaineis, sf.pl.; "boil, bubble over, be passionate about" wulan, sv. IV.; "burn up inside with passion" in-tundnan, wv. 4.
|
| Passover |
(Also: Easter) paska, sf. (Or neuter indeclinable).
|
| past |
"THE PAST" thata !faura-wairtho, wn. (waurthano, wn. = event that have happened); "in the past, formerly" simle; "already, in the past" ju; "hitherto" (but not necessarily finished) und hita, und hita nu; "of the past, old, outdated" fairneis; "GO PAST, walk by" faur-gaggan, sv. VII. - iddja, gaggans; (go past/ahead, overtake) faur-bi-gaggan, sv. VII. - iddja, gaggans; "run past" bi-thragjan, wv. 1.; "run past in front" bi-thragjan faur, wv. 1.
|
| pasture |
winja, sf.
|
| patch (n.) |
(of cloth) fana, wm., plats, sm.
|
| paternity |
(lineage) fadreins, sf.; fadrein, sn. (Used as if it was a masculine plural, meaning "parents", eg.: thai fadrein).
|
| path |
gagg, sn., staiga, sf., wigs, sm.; (tracks, trail, footsteps, path) laists, sm. (i-stem); (rough track) us-drusts (lit. 'a falling away'), sf.
|
| pathetic |
(miserable, wretched, sad) wainahs.
|
| patience |
lagga-modei, wf., us-beisnei, wf., us-beisns, sf., stiwiti, sn., #tulds, sf.; (tolerance) us-thulains, sf.; (patience, suffering, tolerance) thulains, sf.
|
| patient (adj.) |
*lagga-moths (gen. -modis), us-beisneigs.
|
| pauper |
tharba, wm.
|
| pause (n.) |
ga-hweilains, sf.
|
| pause (v.) |
hweilan, ga-hweilan, wv. 3.
|
| paw |
•pauta, sf.
|
| pay (n.) |
laun, sn., (soldier's pay) anno, wf.; (worker's pay) *asno, wf.
|
| pay (v.) |
*gildan, fra-gildan, us-gildan, sv. III.; (pay up, repay, show) us-giban, sv. V.; "pay fine/ransom for, redeem" *us-lunjan, wv. 1.; "pay attention to" mundon, wv. 2. +acc.
|
| payment |
(reward, payment, wage) laun, anda-launi, sn., mizdo, wf.; "reward of victory" sigis-laun.; "payment of fine/ransom" us-luneins, sf.
|
| peace |
ga-wairthi, sn.; (tranquility, rest) rimis, sn. (gen. rimisis); (calm, calming down) ana-qal, sn.; (respite, rest, relaxation) ga-hweilains, sf.; (peace from war) #frithus, sm.; "make peace, reconcile" ga-frithon, wv. 2. +acc. - "to/with" +dat.; "make one's peace with, become reconciled with" ga-sibjon, wv. 2. +dat.
|
| peaceable |
ga-wairtheigs; (meek, gentle, kindly) qairrus.
|
| peaceful |
ga-wairtheigs, sutis (i-stem).
|
| peak |
(hilltop) auhmisto, wn.; (top, tip) *peika, sf.; (mountain) fairguni, sf., *bairgs, sm.; "the highest height" hauhisti, sn.
|
| pearl |
marikreitus, sm.
|
| pelt (n.) |
(skin, hide) fill, sn.; (hair, fur) tagl, sn.
|
| pelt (v.) |
wairpan, sv. III. +dat. or +acc.; "pelt with stones" stainam wairpan.
|
| pen (n.) |
(fold for animals) garda, wm.
|
| penetrate |
thairh-leithan, sv. I., thairh-gaggan, sv. VII. - thairh-iddja, thairh-gaggans; (burrow into) •smiugan, sv. II.
|
| penis |
!tairs, sm. (gen. !tairsis) (by analogy with OE teors).
|
| penny |
aiz, sn., assarjus, skatts, kintus, sm., •kinta, wm.
|
| penstroke |
writs, striks, sm. (i-stem).
|
| Pentecost |
paintekuste, sf.
|
| people |
mans, *liudeis, m.pl.; (all people, people in general) ala-mans, m.pl.; (a people, nation, tribe) thiuda, sf.; (a people, a nation at arms) #fulk, sn.; (kin) kuni, sn., knoths, sf. (gen. knodais); (the peoples, tribes, Gentiles) thiudos, sf.pl.; (humanity) mana-seths, sf. (gen. mana-sedais), manniskodus, sm.
|
| per |
thairh.
|
| perceive |
gaumjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (VISUALLY) ga-saihwan, sv. V.; (UNDERSTAND) frathjan, sv. VI. +dat.; (BECOME AWARE OF, know) uf-kunnan, irreg. (present as wv. 3., pret. almost always strong: uf-kuntha, but one example each of weak pret. and past part.: uf-kunnaida, uf-kunnaidai).
|
| perception |
(viewpoint, understanding, attitude) frathi, sn.; (attention) *gauma, sf.
|
| perch (n.) |
(type of fish) barsisks, sm.; (bird's perch/nest, seat) sitls, sm.
|
| perchance |
(maybe) waitei; (maybe, quite possibly, probably) aufto; "lest perchance" ibai aufto.
|
| perdition |
(loss, damnation) fra-lusts, sf.
|
| perfect (adj.) |
fulla-tojis, fulla-wita, w.adj.; (immaculate) un-wamms; (righteous, impeccable) us-waurhts.
|
| perfect (v.) |
(finish, perfect, perform, lead up/out, drive forth) us-tiuhan, sv. II.; (finish, perfect) us-waurkjan, wv. 1. - us-waurhta, us-waurhts.
|
| perfection |
(completion, fulfilment) us-tauhts, sf.; (rectitude) us-waurhts, sf.
|
| perfectly |
(in every respect) bi all, in allamma; (utterly) all-andjo; (truly) bi sunjai, mith sunjai, sunjaba; (fully, totally) fulla-; (perfectly accurately/clearly) glaggwo - "you know perfectly well" glaggwo wituth.
|
| perforation |
(hole) thairko, wn.
|
| perform |
taujan, ga-taujan, waurkjan, ga-waurkjan, wv. 1. - waurhta, waurhts; (lead out/up, take up, drive forth, finish, perfect, perform) us-tiuhan, sv. II.; "they had seen the wonders he performed for the sick" gasehwun taiknins thozei gatawida bi siukaim.
|
| perfume |
aromata, n.pl.
|
| pergola |
(shade, arbour, covered walkway, booth, hut) •laubjo, wf. (cf. MnE lobby, OHG louppea/lauba, NHG laube, It loggia, Late L laubia/lobium).
|
| perhaps |
(perhaps) aufto, waitei (both +indicative); "it may/could be" mag wesi; (rhetorical or emphatic: maybe, maybe even/actually) ibai aufto +indicative (cf. J 7,26 & 2Cor 1,17); "lest, so as not to, lest perhaps" ibai aufto +subjunctive; (then, in that case, then perhaps" thau.
|
| peril |
bi-reikei, sleithei, wf.; "in peril" bi-reikeis.
|
| perilous |
(fierce, dangerous) sleideis.
|
| period |
(aeon, vast period, age, eternity) aiws, sm. (acc.pl. aiwins, dat.pl. aiwam); (era, age, a period in history) era, alds, sf.; (shorter period of time, a while) •stunda, sf.; (hour, a while) hweila, sf. - "for a period/while" du hweilai; "for a long period/time" laggai hweilai.
|
| perish |
fra-lusnan, fra-qistnan, ga-dauthnan, wv. 4.; "destroy, corrode, cause to perish" riurjan, wv. 1.
|
| perishable |
riurs (i-stem).
|
| perjure |
"purjure oneself" ga-liug weitwodjan, wv. 1., *ufar-swaran, sv. VI.
|
| perjurer |
(oath-breaker) ufar-swara, wm.
|
| permit (v.) |
letan ei +subj., fra-letan, sv. VII. +acc. or +dat. +inf., us-laubjan, wv. 1. (dat. for person).
|
| permitted |
"it is permitted [to]" bi-nah, skuld ist +inf.
|
| pernicious |
(harmful) skathuls; (dangerous, dire) sleideis.
|
| perpetual |
(eternal) aiweins; (continual, ceaseless) un-sweibands, *un-hweils.
|
| perpetually |
(incessantly) un-hweilo; (regular, daily) sinteino.
|
| perpetuity |
ajuk-duths, sf. (gen. -duthais); "in perpetuity" in aiwins, du aiwa, du aiwam; (ever after, for ever more) fram-wigis.
|
| perplex |
(confuse, bewitch) af-hugjan, wv. 1.
|
| persecute |
wrikan, sv. V., wrakjan, wv. 1.
|
| persecution |
wraka, wrakja, sf., wrekei, wf.
|
| persecutor |
wraks, sm.
|
| persevere |
(endure to the end) us-aiwjan, wv. 1.; (stick to task/practise/habit(not necessarily a good one...)) haftjan, wv. 1. +dat. - "persist with prayer" bidai haftjan.
|
| persist |
(continue, remain) thairh-wisan, fram-wairthis wisan, sv. V.; (remain, abide, stay (in a place/state, in existence)) wisan, ga-wisan, sv. V.; (persevere) us-aiwjan, wv. 1.; (stick to task/practise, etc.) haftjan, wv. 1. +dat. - "persist with prayer" bidai haftjan; (remain in a condition or place, come to a halt, stay, abide, hold fast) ga-standan, sv. VI.
|
| person |
manna, wm.; (someone, a certain person) ains, sums, sm.; (presence, face) and-wairthi, sn.
|
| persuade |
ga-hwatjan, wv. 1.
|
| persuasion |
ga-kunths, sf.
|
| perturb |
drobjan, wv. 1.; (surprise, shock) us-gaisjan, us-agjan, wv. 1.; (agitate, move/disturb emotionally) in-wagjan, wv. 1.; (disturb/shake physically) wagjan, wv. 1.; (shake, disturb, make unsteady) af-swaggwjan, wv. 1.; (dumbfound) af-slauthjan, wv. 1.; (bewitch, confuse) af-hugjan, wv. 1.; (be perturbed, upset) drobnan, wv. 4.; (be shocked out of one'd wits) us-geisnan, wv. 4.; (be dumbfounded) af-slauthnan, wv. 4., bi-abrjan, wv. 1.
|
| perverse |
in-winds.
|
| perversity |
in-winditha, sf.
|
| pervert (n.) |
(coward, pervert) #arga, wm.
|
| pervert (v.) |
in-wandjan, wv. 1.
|
| perverted |
in-winds; (cowardly, depraved) #args.
|
| pest |
#skathaliggs.
|
| pharoah |
farao, m. irreg. (dat. faraoni).
|
| Phoenician |
(female) Fyniska, sf.; (male) Fynikisks, sm.
|
| physical |
(of the flesh) leikeins; (not spiritual) airtha-kunds.
|
| physician |
lekeis, sn.
|
| pick |
(pluck) •harbisjan, wv. 1.; (choose) ga-waljan, wv. 1.; (pick out, test, prove) us-kiusan, sv. II. +acc.
|
| picture (n.) |
(image) man-leika, wm.; (literal image, illustration, example) fri-sahts, sf.; (drawing) *taikneins, sf.; (sign) bandwa, sf., bandwo, wf.; (sign, wonder, token) taikns, sf.; (exhibit, evidence, display) taikn, sn.
|
| picture (v.) |
(imagine) ahjan, wv. 1.; (depict, draw, engrave, fashion as image) ga-fri-sahtjan, wv. 1.
|
| piece |
(part, share, fragment) dails, sf.; (fragment) ga-bruka, sf.; (share) hlauts, sm.; (piece of money, incompleteness, partnership) daila, sf.
|
| pierce |
(go through) thairh-leithan, sv. I., thairh-gaggan, sv. VII. - thairh-iddja, thairh-gaggans; (burrow into) •smiugan, sv. II.; "a sword shall peirce your own heart" theina silbons saiwala thairhgaggith hairus.
|
| piety |
ga-gudei, wf.
|
| pig |
swein, sn.; (boar) •bairs, sm.; (sow) •sus, f. (cons.stem.)
|
| pigeon |
ahaks, ?sf., dubo, wf.
|
| pile together |
ga-dragan, sv, VI.
|
| pile up |
ga-dragan, sv, VI., huhjan, wv. 1.
|
| pilfer |
hlifan, sv. V., stilan, sv. IV.
|
| pillage |
wilwan, dis-wilwan, sv. III.
|
| pillar |
sauls, sf.
|
| pillow |
waggari, sn.
|
| pinch (v.) |
(handle, crumple) at-snarpjan, wv. 1.; (steal) hlifan, sv. V., stilan, sv. IV., bi-niman, sv. IV.
|
| pine (n.) |
(pine-tree) #tairwi, sn.
|
| pine for |
gairnjan, wv. 1., +gen.
|
| pine-tree |
#tairwi, sn.
|
| pinnacle |
(of house) gibla, wm.; (hilltop, peak) auhumisto, wn.; (tip) *peika, sf.; (mountain) fairguni, sf., *bairgs, sm.; "the highest height" hauhisti, sn.
|
| pious |
ga-guths (gen. ga-gudis), guda-faurhts.
|
| piously |
ga-gudaba.
|
| pipe (n.) |
(flute) *swigl, sn.; (tube, leg) •agkja, sf.; (tube (attested meaning: reed)) raus, sn. (gen. rausis).
|
| pipe (v.) |
(play the pipe) swiglon, wv. 2.
|
| piper |
swiglja, wm.
|
| pique |
(anger) moths, sm. (gen. modis), thwairhei, wf.
|
| piqued |
(angered, angry) modags, thwairhs.
|
| pit |
(hole in earth) groba, sf.; (dale, ravine, trench, pit) dals, sm.; (abyss) af-grunditha, sf.
|
| pitcher |
kas, sn.
|
| pitfall |
hlamma, sf.
|
| pity (n.) |
arma-hairtitha, ga-bleitheins, sf., armaio, wf.
|
| pity (v.) |
arman, ga-arman, wv. 3, ga-bleithjan, wv. 1.; "feel pity, be moved to pity" in-feinan, wv. 4.; "take pity on" arman, wv. 3. +acc. - "have pity on me!" armai mik!
|
| place (n.) |
staths, sm. (i-stem, gen. stadis); "in that place" ana thamma stada.
|
| place (v.) |
satjan, ga-satjan, us-satjan, lagjan, ga-lagjan, at-lagjan, wv. 1.; "place your hand upon her" atlagei handu theina ana ija; (place around) bi-satjan, wv. 1.
|
| plague (n.) |
slahs, sm. (i-stem).; (wound, plague) wundufni, sn.
|
| plague (v.) |
(trouble, limit) ga-aggwjan; (irritate) us-agljan, wv. 1.; (bother, threaten) us-thriutan, sv. II. +dat., sv. II.; (torment) balwjan, wv. 1. +dat.
|
| plain (n.) |
#auja, sf. (Jordanes: oium 'the Scythian steppe').
|
| plainly |
bairhtaba.
|
| plait (n.) |
flahto, wf.? (cf. ON flétta).
|
| plait (v.) |
*flaihtan, us-windan, sv. III.
|
| plaited |
(hair) in flahtom.
|
| plan (n.) |
ga-rehsns, sf.; (plan, plot, consultation) ga-runi, sn.; (plot) bi-runains, sf.; (design, mystery) runa, sf. - "the teachers of the law rejected God's plan for them" witodafasteis fraqethun runa gudis ana sik.
|
| plan (v.) |
(plot) *bi-runan, wv. 3.; "take councel to decide, discuss" runa niman bi +acc., sv. IV.; (intend) munan, wv. 3. - "for the high priests were planning then how to kill Lazarus too" munaidedunuth-than auk thai auhimustans gudjans, ei jah Lazaru usqemeina; (make provision for, take pains over) ga-redan, sv. VII. +acc.; "decide in advance" faura-ga-hugjan, wv. 1.; (decree, ordain) ga-raidjan, wv. 1.; (predestine, preordain) faura-ga-redan, sv. VII.; (agree) ga-qithan sis, mith-qithan, sv. V.
|
| plank |
•thiljo, wf.
|
| plant (n.) |
(grass, plant, vegetable, herb) gras, sn. (gen. grasis).
|
| plant (v.) |
(plant, beget) satjan, wv. 1.; "transplant, shift" mith-satjan, wv. 1.; "plant stakes/posts" •stakkon, wv. 2.
|
| plate (n.) |
(dish, table) mes, sn. (gen. mesis).
|
| platter |
(dish, table) mes, sn. (gen. mesis).
|
| play |
"play the pipe" swiglon, wv. 2.
|
| plausibly |
(probably, possibly) aufto; (maybe) waitei.
|
| plead |
bidjan us-daudo, sv. V.; (adjure, beseech) bi-swaran, sv. VI.
|
| pleasant |
anda-nems (i-stem); (easy, carefree) azets; (sweet, pleasurable) wotheis; (of life: peaceful) sutis; (nice, gentle) •lintheis.
|
| "please" |
"I ask/pray you" bidja thuk... (Polite requests often use subjunctive rather than imperative); "if you will" jabai wileis (When talking to one person); jabai wileits (two people); jabai wileith (more than two).
|
| please (v.) |
leikan, ga-leikan, wv. 3.; "it pleases me, I like it" thata leikaith mis, in thamma galeikaida; Mk 1,11: "you in whom I am well pleased" in thuz-ei waila ga-leikaida; IN MARGINAL GLOSS: thuk-ei wilda; (please, try to please s-one, ingratiate oneself) samjan sis, wv. 1.; (satisfy with actions) *fahjan, fulla-fahjan, wv. 1.; (fill, satisfy with food) ga-sothjan, wv. 1. (acc. of person satisfied, dat. or gen. of thing they are satisfied with); "please, if you please, if you wish/will" jabai wileis.
|
| pleasing |
(pleasant, acceptable) anda-nems (i-stem) - "very pleasing, quite acceptable" waila anda-nems; (easy, carefree) azets; (sweet, pleasurable) wotheis; (gentle, nice) •lintheis.
|
| pleasurable |
*ga-baureis; (pleasant, acceptable) anda-nems (i-stem); (easy, carefree) azets; (sweet, pleasant) wotheis.
|
| pleasure |
ga-baurjothus, sm.; (ease, comfort) azeti, sn.; (liking, pleasure, preference) leikains, sf. - "according to his pleasure / the pleasure of his will" bi leikainai wiljins seinis; "with pleasure" ga-baurjaba, latha-leiko, us lustum.
|
| pleat |
(fold) •falda, sf.
|
| pledge (n.) |
wadi, sn.
|
| pledge (v.) |
ga-wadjon, wv. 2.
|
| plenitude |
manag-duths, sf. (gen. -duthais).
|
| plentiful |
(abundant, sufficient) ga-nohs; (many) manags; "be/become plentiful" managnan, wv. 4.
|
| plenty (adj.) |
ga-nohs.
|
| plenty (n.) |
ufarassus, sm.
|
| pliant |
(tender, gentle) thlaqus.
|
| plot (n.) |
(conspiracy) bi-runains, sf.; (plan, plot, consultation) ga-runi, sn.
|
| plot (v.) |
*bi-runan, wv. 3.
|
| plotting (n.) |
bi-runains, sf.
|
| plough (n.) |
hoha, wm., •plogs, sm.
|
| plough (v.) |
arjan, sv. VII. (Probably sv. VII. with -j- only on present, cf. OHG erian, iar, giaran).
|
| ploy |
(plot, plotting) bi-runains, sf.; (trickery) us-wandi, sf.
|
| pluck |
•harbisjan, wv. 1.; "pluck out" raupjan, wv. 1.; "pluck/gouge out" us-graban, sv. VI.
|
| plume |
#thufa, sf.; (tuft, crest) •skuppa, sf.
|
| plummet |
ga-driusan, sv. II.
|
| plump |
*digrs.
|
| plumpness |
digrei, wf.
|
| plunder |
wilwan, dis-wilwan, sv. III.; (carry off) fra-wilwan, sv. III.
|
| plundering (n.) |
(robbery) wulwa, sf.
|
| plunge (v.) |
(fall) ga-driusan, sv. II.; (cause to fall) ga-drausjan, wv. 1.; (cause to plunge off) af-drausjan, wv. 1.
|
| pocket |
•taska, sf.
|
| pod |
•slaufa, sf.
|
| point out |
(note, single out) ga-tarhjan, wv. 1.
|
| point (n.) |
(POINT, MOMENT) stiks, sm.; "POINT IN TIME, a moment" stiks melis; "POINT OF VIEW" frathi, sn.; (SHARP POINT, PRICKLE, THORN" •stikils, sm.; (TIP, TAPERING POINT) *peika, sf.; (POINT IN SPACE, PLACE) staths (i-stem, gen. stadis); (PURPOSE, GOOD REASON) sautha, sf.; "there is NO POINT in fighting over words" waurdam weihan du ni waihtai daug; (GOAL, objective, target) mundrei, wf.; "POINT OF SPEAR" #gaida, sf., #uzds, sm.; "point/GABLE/PINNACLE of building" gibla, wm.
|
| pointless |
halks; (useless) un-nutis (i-stem); "fruitless" akrana-laus; "to be pointless/useless" ni botjan waiht, wv. 1., ni waiht botos taujan, ni dugan, pp. - daug, dugum, dauhta.
|
| pointlessly |
arwjo, sware.
|
| poison (n.) |
in-gif, sn.
|
| poisoner |
(magician, alchemist) lubja-leis, sm.
|
| poke out |
(e.g. an eye) us-stiggan, sv. III.
|
| polish |
•faurbjan, wv. 1.
|
| polite |
airkns.
|
| pollute |
(sully) bi-sauljan, wv. 1.; "become polluted" bi-saulnan, wv. 4.; (defile, participate, tell) ga-mainjan, ga-ga-mainjan, wv. 1. +dat.
|
| pond |
swumfsl, sn.
|
| ponder |
munan, wv. 3., miton, wv. 2., thagkjan, wv. 1. - thahta, thahts; "pondering in their minds on whether he might be the Christ" thagkjandam in hairtaim seinaim, niu sa wesi Xristus; "and the high priests pondered then how to kill Lazarus too" munaidedunuth-than auk thai uahimustans gudjans, ei jah Lazaru usqemeina.
|
| pool |
swumfsl, sn.
|
| poor |
tharba, ala-tharba, us-haista, w.adj., tharbs, thaurfts, un-leths (gen. *un-ledis); (poor, wretched, pathetic) arms; "poorest, most wretched" armosts; (wretched, pathetic, unhappy) wainahs - "poor me" wainahs ik!
|
| poorly |
(ILL) siuks; "to be unwell" siukan, sv. II., ubil/ubilaba haban, wv. 3.; (be poorly in stomach, suffer indigestion) suqnan, wv. 4.; "to be sick, vomit" rupatjan, wv. 1.; "be poorly with fever" brinnon ana-habaida wisan, irreg.; (IMPERFECTLY, only partially) suman, us dailai.
|
| porter |
(porter, door-keeper) daura-wards, sm., daura-warda, sf.; (bearer) •bairils, sm.
|
| portico |
(colonnade) ubizwa, sf.; (shade, arbour, shelter, booth, covered walkway, booth, hut) •laubjo, wf. (cf. MnE lobby, NHG Laube, It loggia, Late L laubia/lobium).
|
| portion (n.) |
dails, sf., hlauts, sm.
|
| portion out |
(share out) dailjan, dis-dailjan, fra-dailjan, wv. 1.
|
| possess |
(HAVE) haban, wv. 3.; (TAKE, HOLD) ga-haban, wv. 3.; (POSSESS/OWN) dis-niman, sv. IV.; (ACQUIRE) ga-staldan, sv. VII.; (OF SICKNESS, DEMONS: posses, seize, AFFLICT) ana-haban, wv. 3.; (of STRONG EMOTION, to GRIP/SEIZE) dis-sitan, sv. V., dis-haban, wv. 3. - "they were possessed by a great fear" agisa mikilamma dis-habaida wesun; "be possessed" un-hulthon haban, wv. 3.
|
| possessed |
(mad) woths (gen. wodis); "possessed man" daimonareis, sm.; "someone possessed [with a devil]" ains un-hulthon habands; "to be possessed by fear/love" agisa/frijathwai dis-habaiths wisan.
|
| possession |
(possessions, property) aigin, sn, aihts, sf., swes, sn.; (wealth, cattle) faihu, sn.; (land, farmlands) thaurp, sn.; (free estate, allodium) #alauths, sm. (gen. #alaudis); "get possession of" ga-aiginon, wv. 2.; "take possession of, take into safekeeping" *ga-freidjan, wv. 1.
|
| possible |
(mighty, able, possible) mahteigs; "if it is possible" jabai mahteig sijai; "possible for [s-one]" mahteig fram +dat.; (passive: CAN BE, ABLE TO BE) mahts +inf. (declined past part.) "how is it possible for grown man to be born?" hwaiwa mahts ist manna altheis wisands gabairan?; THOUGH ONLY THE PASSIVE CONSTRUCTION IS ATTESTED, ANALOGY WITH skuld ist WOULD IMPLY AN UNDECLINED NEUTER ACTIVE "able to, possible for one to" maht ist +inf +dat. for person able - or maybe this function was fulfilled adequately with the verb "to be able" magan; "I can" mag; "we can" magum; "I could" mahta.
|
| possibly |
(maybe) waitei; (maybe, quite possibly, probably) aufto; "lest possibly, lest by any chance" ibai aufto.
|
| pot |
(clay) kas, sn.; (metal) katils, sm.; (basin, cauldron) %hwair, sm. (gen. %hwairis).
|
| potency |
(might, power, strength, virtue, miracle, ability) mahts, sf.
|
| potter |
kasja, wm.
|
| pound (n.) |
pund, sn.; (pound, piece of money, participation, partnership/community, incompleteness) daila, sf.
|
| pound (v.) |
(grind up) malan, sv. VI., •grindan, sv. III.; (crush, bruise) ga-malwjan, wv. 1.; (hit, punch) slahan, sv. VI.; (hit, push) stauran, sv. VII.
|
| pour |
giutan, sv. II.; "be poured out" us-gutnan, wv. VI.; "pour a drink for" #skagkjan, wv. 1. (?dat. of person, acc. of drink).; (give to drink) dragkjan, ga-dragkjan, wv. 1. (acc. of person, dat. of drink).
|
| poverty |
tharba, sf., un-ledi, sn.
|
| poverty-stricken |
tharba, ala-tharba, us-haista, w.adj., un-leths (gen. *un-ledis); (poor, wretched, pathetic) arms.
|
| powerfully |
(extremely, very) abraba.
|
| power |
(authority) waldufni, sn.; "the power to forgive" waldufni afletan; (power, tyranny, violence) ana-mahts; (might, power, strength, virtue, miracle, ability) mahts, sf.; (power, strength) swinthei, wf.; (rule, power, kingdom) reiki, sn.; (might) #thruthi, sf. (gen. thruthjos); "rule, have power over" ga-waldan, sv. VII. +dat.; "according to one's power/ability" bi mahtai; "beyond one's power/ability" ufar maht.
|
| powerful |
(mighty, able, possible) mahteigs; (extreme) abrs; (strong, healthy) swinths; (strong) #ramms; (big, great) mikils; (great) *airmans; (powerful, in authority) reikeis.
|
| powerless |
(weak, infirm, unable, impossible) un-mahteigs; (weak) lasiws; (weak, powerless, beaten) *blauths (gen. blauthis).
|
| pseudo |
(false, fake) ga-liuga-.
|
| practically |
"practically not, hardly" *halis; "practically never" halis-aiw.
|
| practice (n.) |
(exercise, training, mastery/perfection through training) us-throtheins, sf.; (custom) sidus, sm., bi-uhti, sn.
|
| practise (v.) |
(drill, excercise) throthjan sik, wv. 1.; "exercise thyself unto godliness" throthei thuk silban du gagudein; (a custom, habit) sidon, wv. 2.; "practise till perfect, master through practice" us-throthjan, wv. 1.; "stick to, make a regular practise of prayer" bidai haftjan, wv. 1.
|
| practiced (adj.) |
us-throhiths.
|
| praetorium |
praitoriaun, irreg.
|
| praise (n.) |
hazeins, hauheins, sf.
|
| praise (v.) |
hauhjan, hazjan, mikiljan, wv. 1., waila qithan, sv. V.; (thank, acknowledge, confess) and-haitan, sv. VII. +dat.; (praise, bless) thiuthjan, wv. 1.
|
| praiseworthy |
waila-mereis.
|
| pray |
(pray, ask) bidjan, sv. V. "for (something)" gen., "for the sake of" bi +acc.; (beg) aihtron, wv. 2.
|
| prayer |
bida, liteins, uf-bloteins, sf.
|
| preach |
merjan, wv. 1.; (the Gospel) aiwaggeljan, wv. 1.; (good tidings) waila-merjan, wv. 1.
|
| preaching |
mereins, sf.; (message preached) hauseins, sf.
|
| precede |
(go ahead) faura-qiman, sv. IV., faur-rinnan, sv. III.; (go ahead, manage/preside) faura-gaggan, sv. VII. - iddja, gaggans; "you will go on ahead of" fauragaggis faura +dat.; (PASS BY, go past) faur-gaggan, sv. VII. - iddja, gaggans; (OVERTAKE, go ahead of) faur-bi-gaggan, sv. VII. - iddja, gaggans; (overtake, rush on ahead, preceed) faur-sniwan, faur-bi-sniwan, bi-sniwan faur, sv. V. +acc.; (RUN PAST) bi-thragjan, wv. 1.; "running on ahead" bithragjands faur.
|
| preceding |
fairns.
|
| precious |
(expensive) ga-laufs, filu-ga-laufs, (gen. ga-laubis).
|
| precipitate |
(rash, brash) un-tila-malsks.
|
| precise |
(exact/accurate, careful/thorough) *glaggwus; (accurate, correct) raihts; (correct, true) sunjis, sunjeins.
|
| precisely |
(accurately) glaggwo - "you know quite well that..." glaggwo wituth thatei...; (meticulously: of search/narrative) glaggwuba, glaggwaba; (namely, actually, indeed) raihtis; (correctly) raihtaba; (indeed) jai.
|
| precursor |
faur-rinnands, pres.part.
|
| predestine |
faura-ga-redan, sv. VII.
|
| predetermine |
(predestine, preordain) faura-ga-redan, sv. VII.
|
| pre-eminence |
frumadei, wf.
|
| prefer |
(deem better) faura-rahnjan, wv. 1.
|
| prefered |
(dear) walisa, w.adj.
|
| preference |
(liking) leikains, sf.
|
| pregnant |
in-kiltho, w.adj., habandei, w.adj., qithu-hafts; "pregnant woman" qithu-hafto, wf.; "get pregnant" ganiman in kilthein, inkiltho wairthan; "pregnant with a son" inkiltho sunau.
|
| prejudge |
faur-domjan, faura-ga-hugjan, wv. 1.
|
| prejudice |
faur-domeins, sf.
|
| prematurely |
faur mel.
|
| premeditated |
(deliberate, premeditating) *faur-weis.
|
| preordain |
faura-ga-redan, sv. VII.
|
| preparation |
manwitha, sf.
|
| prepare |
(make ready) manwjan, ga-manwjan, wv. 1.; (put into an approprate condition, sort out, prepare) ga-fahrjan, wv. 1.; (prepare oneself) skaftjan sik, wv. 1.; (work, do, perform, effect, prepare) ga-waurkjan, wv. 1. - waurhta, waurhts; (dress, get ready) •garwon, wv. 2.; "prepare in advance" faura-manwjan, wv. 1.
|
| prepared |
ga-raiths (gen. ga-raidis), manwus; (adv.) "in readiness" manwuba.
|
| prepuce |
faura-filli, sn.
|
| presbyter |
papa, wm.
|
| presbytery |
praizbytairei, wf.
|
| prescribe |
(order, decree) ga-raidjan, wv. 1.; (advise, prescribe) ga-raginon, wv. 2.
|
| presence |
and-wairthi, sn.; "in the p. of" in andwairthja (+gen.), at +dat.
|
| present (adj.) |
(present day) nu (indecl.); (present in time or space) and-wairths; "to be present" in-wisan, and-wairths wisan, irreg.; "present with, in the presence of" at +dat.; "supervise, be present" faura-standan, sv. VI.
|
| present (n.) |
"the present time" (so) nu, indeclinable f., so nu hweila,
sf., thata and-wairtho, wn.; (gift) giba, sf., maithms, sm. |
| present (v.) |
at-satjan, faura-ga-satjan, faur-lagjan, wv. 1.; (proffer, offer) rahton, wv. 2.
|
| presentation |
faur-lageins, sf.
|
| preserve |
(keep safe) bairgan, sv. III. +dat. "from" faura +dat.; "both are preserved/saved, both survive" bajothum bairgada (impersonal passive, cf. ON e-m er borgit); (keep, maintain, preserve, keep safe) fastan, wv. 3.; (protect, help) hleibjan, wv. +dat.; (protect, shield, shelter) •skairmjan, wv. 1. (?dat., as in MHG); (keep safe, take into safekeeping) *ga-freidjan, wv. 1.; (save) nasjan, wv. I.; (save, heal) ga-nasjan, wv. 1.; "be saved, be healed, attain salvation" ga-nisan, sv. V.
|
| press |
•thrukjan, wv. 1.; (press/crowd against) threihan, sv. I.; (fall, press against) driusan, sv. II.; (press, cram) •kramjan, wv. 1.; (pressure, oppress, crowd in on as troubles) ana-praggan, sv. VII.; (force) nauthjan, ana-nauthjan, baidjan, ga-baidjan, #anatjan, wv. 1.; (persuade, entice) ga-hwatjan, wv. 1.; (be pressing, urge, be urgent, be immanent) in-standan, sv. VI.
|
| pressure (n.) |
•thruks, sm. (i-stem); (trouble, problem, hardship) threihsl, sn.
|
| prestige |
(exaltedness) hauhitha, sf.; (honour) *swerei, wf., *sweritha, sf.; (boast, fame) hwoftuli, sf.; (fame) *merei, wf.; (renown, report, fame) meritha, sf.; "seek prestige/glory for one's self" hauhitha seina sokjan, wv. 1.; (importance, worthiness) wairthida, sf.; (prestige, insight, opinion, judgement) doms, sm.
|
| prestigious |
(esteemed) swers; (worthy) wairths; (important, significant) wulthrs; (powerful, in authority) reikeis.
|
| presume |
(suppose, imagine) ahjan, wv. 1.; (expect, suppose) ga-wenjan, wv. 1.; (presuppose, prejudge) faur-domjan, wv. 1.; (believe) munan, pp. - man, munum, munda; "presuming [he meant] physical birth from the womb" tho leikeinon us wambai munands gabaurth; (dare, be so presumptious as to) ana-nanthjan, wv. 1. +inf.
|
| presuppose |
(prejudge) faur-domjan, wv. 1.; (expect, suppose) ga-wenjan, wv. 1.; (imagine, suppose) ahjan, wv. 1.
|
| pretence |
(excuse) inilo, wf.
|
| pretended |
(feigned) *liuts.
|
| pretext |
(excuse) inilo, wf.; (opportunity, grounds) til, sn.; (ground for accusation) fairina, sf.; (goal, objective, target) mundrei, wf.; (thing, cause) waihts, sf. (usually, but acc.pl. waihts also found, Sk 2,c); (reason, purpose, point) sautha, sf.
|
| pretty |
skauns (i-stem).
|
| prevent |
(stop, hinder) latjan, wv. 1. (dat. + inf.); (forbid, block) warjan, wv. 1.; (thwart, restrict) ga-aggwjan, wv. 1.; (impede) ana-latjan, wv. 1.; (obstruct, irritate) marzjan, wv. 1.; "prevent oneself, hold back, avoid, refrain" ga-haban sik, wv. 3. - "from" af +dat.
|
| previous |
"the last" fairna, w.adj.; (prior, first) fruma, w.adj.; "previous to" faur +acc., faura +dat.; "the day previous to the sabbath" faura-sabbato, sa fruma sabbato, indecl.
|
| previously |
(beforehand) faur-this, faur thata, faura; (at one time) simle; "according to the prophesy which was previously made about you" bi thaim faura faursniwandam ana thuk praufetjam.
|
| price |
wairth, anda-wairthi, sn.
|
| prick (n.) |
(sting) •stuggs, sm. (i-stem); (puncture wound) staks, sm. (i-stem).
|
| prick (v.) |
(stab, puncture) *stikan, sv. V.; (sting) •stuggjan, wv. 1.
|
| prickle |
(thorn, sharp point) •stikils, sm.
|
| pride |
hauh-hairtei, wf.; (inflated sense of self-worth) uf-swalleins, sf.; "pride oneself, boast" hwopan, sv. VII.
|
| priest |
gudja, papa, weiha, wm.
|
| priest, to be a |
gudjinon, wv. 2.
|
| priesthood |
gudjinassus, sm.
|
| primacy |
frumadei, wf.
|
| primary |
fruma, frumists.
|
| prime |
frumists; "of prime importance" in frumistjam.
|
| prince |
(governor) faura-mathleis, faur-stasseis sm.; (ruler) reiks, m. (but gen.sg. reikis; dat.pl. reikam).
|
| principle (adj.) |
(main, chief, greatest) maists.
|
| prior |
fruma, w.adj.
|
| prison |
karkara, sf.; "to put in prison" fra-hinthan, us-hinthan, sv. III.; "hand over to be imprisoned" af-giban, sv. V.
|
| prisoner |
bandja, wm., fra-hunthana, wm.; (fellow prisoner) mith-fra-hunthana, wm.
|
| private |
"in private" sundro.
|
| privately |
sundro.
|
| prize |
(reward, wage) laun, anda-launi, sn., mizdo, wf.; "prize of victory" sigis-laun.
|
| proactive |
(zealous, diligent) *us-dauths (gen. us-daudis).
|
| probably |
(perhaps, quite possibly, most likely) aufto.
|
| problem |
(trouble) threihsl, sn.; (trouble, confusion, disturbance) un-suti, sn.; (obstacle) marzeins, sf.; (hindrance, cause of contention) ga-marzeins, sf.; (stumbling-block) bi-stugq, sn.
|
| proceed |
(go forth/out from, rise, spring up) ur-rinnan, wv, III.
|
| proclaim |
ga-kannjan, wv. 1., ga-sweran, wv. 3., merjan, ga-swikunthjan, wv. 1., ga-teihan, sv. I., us-qithan, sv. V.; "be proclaimed" us-mernan, wv. 4.
|
| proclaimer |
spilla, sm., merjands, m.
|
| procreate |
us-satjan, wv. 1.
|
| procreation |
us-sateins, sf.
|
| produce |
(offspring) bairan, ga-bairan, sv. IV.; (an effect, cause) gansjan, waurkjan, wv. 1. - waurhta, waurhts; (leaves, twigs, fruit) keinan, sv. I. - keinoda, kijans; (forge, produce metalwork) ga-smithon, wv. 2.; (accomplish, perfect) us-tiuhan, sv. II.; (bring/take out, speak) us-bairan, sv. IV.
|
| product |
(deed/action, effect) taui, sn.
|
| profane (v.) |
(unholy) us-weihs; (common) ga-mains (i-stem); (vulgar/rude) aglaiti-; "profane language" aglaiti-waurdei, wf.
|
| profanity |
(vulgarity) aglaiti, sn.; "profane language" aglaiti-waurdei, wf.
|
| profess |
and-haitan, sv VII.
|
| proffer |
rahton, wv. 2.
|
| profit (n.) |
(financial) ga-waurki, faihu-ga-waurki, sn.; (advantage) bota, sf.; (use, worth, benefit) #bata, wm.
|
| profit (v.) |
(INTR.) (get wealth) ga-waurkja haban, wv. 3.; (gain) ga-geigan, wv. 3.; (profit by, gain money from, exploit) bi-faihon, wv. 2.; (derive benefit) ga-batnan, wv. 4.; (TRANS.) (be of benefit) botjan, wv. 1., dugan, pp. - daug, dugum, dauhta.
|
| profiteering |
(usury) wokrs, sm.; (exploitation) bi-faih, sn.
|
| progress (n.) |
fram-gahts, sf.
|
| progress (v.) |
*fram-gaggan, sv. VII. - -iddja, -gaggans.
|
| prominent |
(foremost, most important) frumists; "prominent/leading men" thai frumistans, wm. adj. pl.; (great) mikils; (powerful, great, important) reikeis; (significant) wulthrs.
|
| promise (n.) |
ga-hait, sn.; (oath) aiths, sm. (gen. aithis).
|
| promise (v.) |
ga-haitan, faura-ga-haitan, sv. VII.
|
| promote |
(a viewpoint, propound) in-sakan, us-sakan, sv. VI.; (support) #stutjan, wv. 1.; (support, accomplish) •frumjan, wv. 1.; "promote dissent, agitate, stir up" drobjan, wv. 1.; "promote in public, speak out, spread word" merjan, us-merjan, wv. 1.; "promote the gospel, spread the Christian message" waila-merjan, aiwaggeljan, wv. 1.
|
| promptly |
(promptly, soon) sprauto; (immediately, soon) suns; (suddenly) anaks; (early) air.
|
| promulgate |
(propund) in-sakan, us-sakan, sv. VI.; (make known) merjan, wv. 1.; (spread word, publish) us-merjan, wv. 1.; "be published, spread" us-mernan, wv. 4.
|
| prone |
(lying down) ligands; (inclined towards) *halths.
|
| pronouncement |
"pronouncements, things said in public" mathleins, sf., mathlei, wf.; (anything said) *qiss, sf.; (argument, claim) in-sahts, sf.; (quote, passage, statement) thata qithano, wn.
|
| pronto |
sprauto.
|
| proof |
kusts, sf., kustus, sm.; (evidence) us-taikneins, sf.; (sign, wonder, evidence) taikns, sf.; (vindication, verification, justification, legal defence) sunjons, sf.
|
| prop (n.) |
(support) #stutja, sf.; (pillar) sauls, sf.
|
| prop up |
#stutjan, wv. 1.
|
| proper |
(pure, GENUINE) pistikeins; (DECENT, in appearance, respectable) *ga-fehs; (commendable, proper) *ga-reths (gen. ga-redis); (dignified, modest) ga-riuths (gen. ga-riudis); (FITTING) ga-dofs (i-stem, gen. ga-dobis), tils, ga-tils, fagrs - "it would not be proper if/for..." thatuh wesi withra thata gadob, ei... +subj.; (suitable, worthy) wairths; (OWN) swes (gen. swesis); "one's own" seins silbins (gen., agrees in number & gender with noun) - "thine own soul" theina silbons saiwala; "his own work" waurstw sein silbins.
|
| properly |
(correctly, rightly) raihtaba; "he spoke properly/normally" rodida raihtaba; (RESPECTABLY) ga-fehaba; (commendably, properly) ga-redaba; (appropriately) ga-temiba, ga-tilaba; (suitably, worthily) wairthaba; (ACTUALLY, in fact, namely) raihtis; (righteously) ga-raihtaba; (accurately, meticulously) glaggwuba, glaggwaba; (truly) sunjaba; (WELL, excellently, kindly) waila.
|
| property |
aigin, sn, aihts, sf., swes, ?sn.; (wealth, cattle) faihu, sn. (land, field) thaurp, sn., hugs, ?sn.; (allodium, freehold estate) #alauths, sm. (gen. #alaudis).
|
| prophesy (n.) |
(prophesy, the gift of prophesy) profetja, wm.
|
| prophesy (v.) |
prophetjan, wv. 1.; (foretell) faura-qithan, sv. V., faura-ga-teihan, sv, I.
|
| prophet |
prophetus, prophetes, sm.
|
| prophetess |
propheteis, f.
|
| propitious |
ga-dofs (i-stem, gen. ga-dobis); "it would not be proptious for..." thatuh wesi withra thata gadof, ei... +subj.
|
| propound |
in-sakan, us-sakan, sv. VI.
|
| prosper |
theihan, ga-theihan, wv. 1.
|
| prostitute |
kalkjo, wf.
|
| protect |
(shield, help) hleibjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (keep safe) bairgan, sv. III. +dat. "from" faura +dat.; (protect, shield, shelter) •skairmjan, wv. 1. (?dat. as in MHG); (keep safe, take into safekeeping) *ga-freisjan, wv. 1.
|
| protection |
#munda, sf. (in masc. PNs > #mundus, sm.); (shelter) •bairga, sf.; (peace, protection) #frithus, sm.; (a shield) skildus, sm.; (armour) brunjo, wf.; (arms & armour) sarwa, sn.pl.; (help) *hilpa, sf.; (support) #stutja, sf.; (guard) wardja, wm.; (watch) witains, sf.
|
| proud |
hauh-hairts, hauh-thuhts, mikil-thuhts; (foolhardy, brash) un-tila-malsks; "be overly proud" ufar-hugjan, wv. 1.
|
| prove |
(prove, test, taste) kausjan, wv. 1. (+gen. = "taste", +acc. = "test, etc."); (choose, test) kiusan, sv. II.; (select, prove, test) us-kiusan, sv. II +acc.; (demonstrate, signify, indicate, show) us-taiknjan, wv. 1.; "prove oneself to be" ustaiknjan sik +acc.; "prove faithful, INTR." sik triggws bigitan, sv. V.
|
| proven |
*ga-kusans.
|
| proverb |
(fable, saying) ga-juko, wf.
|
| provide |
and-staldan, sv. VII. +acc. "with" +dat.; und-redan, sv. VII. +acc. for thing supplied; •warnjan, wv. 1.
|
| providence |
"divine providence, the plan of righteousness/justice" ga-raihteins ga-rehsns, sf.; "God's plan" gudis runa, sf. "concerning" ana +acc.
|
| provisions |
(food) fodeins, us-fodeins, sf.; (food, meal) mats, sm. (i-stem); (sustenance, nourishment, well-being) waila-wizns, sf.; (necessities, supplies, living expenses) anda-wizns, sf.; (make provision for) ga-redan, sv. VII. +acc.
|
| provoke |
gramjan, in-gramjan, wv. 1.
|
| prune (v.) |
(cut away, amputate, castrate) us-maitan, sv. VII.
|
| psalm |
psalmo, ?wf.
|
| public |
(the public/masses) filusna, sf.sg.; "public discourse" mathleins, sf., mathlei, wf.; "become public" us-mernan, wv. 4.; "make public, divulge" us-qithan, sv. V.; "proclaim, preach, make public" merjan, us-merjan, wv. 1.
|
| publican |
(inn-keeper, cup-bearer) *skagkja, wm.
|
| publicly |
(openly) and-augiba, and-augjo; "publicly single out, expose in public, ostracise, note, treat as notorious" ga-tarhjan, wv. 1.; "publicly denounce, accuse" fairinon, wv. 2., wrohjan, wv. 1.; "publicly/loudly lament" wai-fairhwjan, wv. 1.
|
| publish |
(spread word) us-merjan, wv. 1.; "be published, spread, made known" us-mernan, wv. 4.
|
| puddle |
•lona, sf.
|
| puff up |
uf-bauljan, wv. 1., uf-blesan, av. VII. - *uf-baibles, *uf-blesans.
|
| pull |
*thinsan, wv. 3.; (draw, guide, lead) tiuhan, sv. II.; (pull towards, bring) at-tiuhan, sv. II.; (draw towards, attract) at-thinsan, wv. 3.; (pull out, pick) raupjan, wv. 1.
|
| pulverise |
(grind up) malan, sv. VI., •grindan, sv. III.; (crush, bruise) ga-malwjan, wv. 1.; (hit, punch) slahan, sv. VI.; (hit, push) stauran, sv. VII.; (destroy) qistjan, fra-qistjan, us-qistjan, wv. 1. +dat. or +acc.; (smash, shatter) dis-hniupan, sv. II.
|
| punch (n.) |
(hit) slahs, sm. (i-stem); (wound, blow) banja, sf.
|
| punch (v.) |
(hit) slahan, sv. VI.; (strike in the face, slap, castigate) wlizjan, wv. I.; (beat, strike) •biutan, sv. II.; (smite, push) stautan, sv. VII.; (beat) bliggwan, sv. III.; (slap) kaupatjan, wv. 1. - kaupasta, kaupatiths.
|
| puncture (n.) |
(puncture, puncture wound, stab mark) staks, sm. (i-stem).
|
| puncture (v.) |
(stab, prick, puncture) *stikan, sv. V.
|
| punish |
(take revenge on) fra-weitan, sv, I.; (chastise, bruise, hit in face) wlizjan, wv. 1.
|
| punishment |
#weiti, sn.; (revenge, punishment) fra-weit, sn.; (torture) balweins, sf.
|
| pupil |
(disciple) siponeis, sm.; "to be a disciple/student" siponjan, wv. 1.
|
| purblind |
haihs.
|
| purchase (v.) |
bugjan, us-bugjan, wv. 1. - bauhta, bauhts (acc. of commodity, dat. of amount or recipient of commodity).
|
| pure |
hlutrs, hrains (i-stem); (flawless, immaculate) un-wamms; (innocent) swikns; (pure of heart) hrainja-hairts; (pure, genuine) pistikeins.
|
| pure-hearted |
hrainja-hairts.
|
| pureness |
hlutrei, swiknei, wf., swiknitha, sf.; (flawlessness) un-wammei, wf.
|
| purification |
hraineins, swikneins, sf.
|
| purify |
hrainjan, swiknjan, wv. 1.
|
| purity |
hlutrei, swiknei, wf., swiknitha, sf.; (flawlessness) un-wammei, wf.
|
| purloin |
bi-niman, sv. IV., hlifan, sv. V., stilan, sv. IV.
|
| purple (adj.) |
paurpuroths.
|
| purple (n.) |
(purple, the Purple, a purple garment) paurpura, sf.; "dye/colour purple" paurpuron, wv. 2.
|
| purpose (n.) |
(REASON, USEFUL PURPOSE) sautha, sf.; (USE, ADVANTAGE) bota, sf. - "what use to me?" hwo boto mis?; "Christ is no use to you" Xristus izwis nist du botai (izwis=dat.); "what use to me?" hwo mis boto?; "be of use, SERVE SOME USEFUL PURPOSE" botjan, wv. 1. +acc., dugan, pp. - daug, dugum, dauhta; "there is NO PURPSE in fighting over words" waurdam weihan du ni waihtai daug; (GOAL, objective, target) mundrei, wf.; (END, reason) andeis, sm.; (DETERMINATION, PURPOSEFULNESS) muns, sm. (i-stem); (THING, CAUSE) waihts, sf. (usually, but acc.pl. waihts also found, Sk 2,c); "for that purpose/reason" duth-the, in this, in thizos waihtais; "with that purpose, to that end" ?and thana laist (cf. Sk 5,a Marchand translation - but others have "following this" - & cf. Sk 2,d).
|
| purse |
puggs, sm.
|
| pursue |
(chase, route, make run) *rannjan, wv. 1. (+dat.? cf. ON renna); (follow) laistjan, ga-laistjan, afar-laistjan, wv. 1., afar-gaggan, sv. VII. - afar-iddja, afar-gaggans.
|
| pursuer |
"router, chaser, one who causes to flee" (r)rannja, wm.
|
| push |
(shove) *skiuban, sv. II.; (hit, push) stautan, sv. VII.; (thrust, push, make war) stigqan, sv. III.; (bump, collide with) bi-stigqan, sv. III.; (push away/aside) af-skiuban, sv. II.; (push off) af-tiuhan, SV. II.; (push over, throw down, knock down) af-drausjan, ga-drausjan, wv. 1., at-wairpan, sv. III., ga-wairpan, sv. III.; (force, compel) nauthjan, ana-nauthjan, baidjan, ga-baidjan, wv. 1.
|
| pushed, to be |
ga-driusan, sv. II.
|
| put away |
(HIDE, keep safe) bairgan, sv. III.; (hide, bury) filhan, ga-filhan, sv. III.; (make secret) •darnjan, wv. 1.; (cover) huljan, ga-huljan, wv. 1., hilan, sv. IV.; (REJECT) us-kiusan, sv. II. +dat., af-wairpan, sv. III.; (spurn, rebuff) (reject, despise) uf-brikan, sv. IV. +dat., fra-kunnan, pp. - fra-kann, fra-kunnum, fra-kuntha (dat. or: at +dat.); (send/drive away) "send/drive away" us-dreiban, sv. I. +dat. or +acc.
|
| put |
(put, place, set, put down) satjan, ga-satjan, us-satjan, lagjan, ga-lagjan, at-lagjan, wv. 1. - "place your hand on her" atlagei handu theina ana ija; (PUT ROUND something) bi-satjan, wv. 1.; (PUT TOGETHER out of, form from) us-satjan us, wv. 1. +dat.; (PUT UP, erect) raisjan, wv. 1.; (erect with stakes - e.g. a tent) stakjan, wv. 1.; (put up, build) timrjan, wv. 1.; "PUT UP WITH" (suffer, toletate) thulan, ga-thulan, us-thulan, wv. 3.; (cope with) fra-bairan, sv. IV.; "PUT ON" (CLOTHES) wasjan sik, ga-wasjan sik, wv. 1., ga-hamon, ana-hamon, wv. 2. (dat. of item of clothing); (put on over the top of) ufar-hamon, wv. 2. +dat.; "put on a coat" ga-paidon, wv. 2.; (PUT OUT, extinguish, suffocate) af-hwapjan, wv. 1.; "to be put out/extinguished/choked" af-hwapnan, wv. 4.; (put/fit TOGETHER) ga-ga-tilon, wv. 2.
|
| puzzle (n.) |
(mystery) runa, sf.
|
| puzzle (v.) |
(confuse, bewitch) af-hugjan, wv. 1.
|
| pyre |
#strawa, sf.
|
| quake (n.) |
reiro, wf.
|
| quake (v.) |
reiran, wv. 3.
|
| quaking (n.) |
reiro, wf.
|
| qualification |
(worthiness, suitability) wairthida, sf.
|
| quality |
(worth) wairth, sn.
|
| quantify |
(measure) mitan, sv. V.; (set price on) wairthon, wv. 2.; (rate, judge) rahnjan, ga-rahnjan, wv. 1.; "value higher" faura-rahnjan, wv. 1.
|
| quantity |
(measure, bushel) mitaths, f. (gen. pl. mitade), mitadjo, wf., mela, wm.; (quantity, heap) thraihn, sn.; (number, account) rathjo, wf.
|
| quarrel (n.) |
(quarrel/dispute, fight/boxing-match) jiuka, sf.; (cause of contention) fairina, sf. - "a dispute/quarrel against" fairina withra +acc.; "quarrelling/strife" sakjo, waihjo, us-balthei, wf., brakja, sf.; (slandering) bi-hait, sn.; (uproar, outcry, shouting) hrops, sm.
|
| quarrel (v.) |
(dispute, rebuke, accuse) sakan, and-sakan, sv. VI.; (dispute, compete) and-rinnan, sv. III.; (fight) haiftjan, wv. 1.; (break, fight, quarrel) brikan, sv. IV.
|
| quarreller |
sokareis, sm.
|
| quarrelsome |
sakuls; (impertinent, bold, quarrelsome) *thrasa-balths, *us-balths.
|
| quarter, from every |
aljathro.
|
| quench |
af-hwapjan, wv. 1.; "be quenched" af-hwapnan, wv. 4.
|
| query |
(question, have scruples) and-hruskan, wv. 3.; (raise a question) ga-wagjan sokein, sf., wv. 1.; (dispute) sakan, sv. VI. - "they queried whether he was in fact a Pharisee" sokun thatei sa raihtis Fareisaius was; (ask) fraihnan, sv. V. (gen. of thing, acc. of person asked).
|
| quest for |
(seek/seach for) ga-sokjan, wv. 1.
|
| QUESTION |
ASKING QUESTIONS: -u-...? (The particle -u- indicates a question, in direct or indirect speech; attached to first word in phrase, especially a verb - "is it permitted?" skuldu ist? If the verb has a prefix, the -u- comes right after the prefix: "do the two of you believe?" ga-u-laubjats?; "him or his parents?" sa-u thau fadrein is?); (Another question particle, used at start of phrase) "so...?, then...?" an, an-uh; "what then" an hwa...?; (NOTE: These particles not required in the main clause if other more specific ones are used, thus) "why are you so afraid?" duhwe faurhtai sijuth swa?; (RHETORICAL) "surely one can't go back in the womb?" ibai mag in wamba aftra galeithan?; "for would he not seem then..." nei auk thuhtedi thau...; "Am I a Jew?" waitei ik iudaius im? (Said by Pilot).
|
| question (n.) |
(question, enquiry, investigation) sokeins, sf. - "a question/debate was raised concerning purification" warth bi swiknein sokeins ga-wagida; (single question, word, a few words) waurd, sn.; "I will also ask you a question" fraihna jah ik izwis ainis waurdis.
|
| question (v.) |
(dispute) sakan, sv. VI. - "they questioned whether he was in fact a Pharisee" sokun thatei sa raihtis Fareisaius was; (ask) fraihnan, ga-fraihnan, sv. V. (gen. of thing, acc. of person asked) - "about" bi +acc.; (query, worry over) and-hruskan, wv. 3.; (seek, try, debate, question) sokjan, wv. 1.; "cause to question, make doubt" tweifljan, wv. 1.; (interrogate, investigate, judge) us-sukjan, wv. 1.
|
| quick |
(ADJ.) (speedy) •adrs, •snills, *sniumeis; (quick, ready) #arws; (ADV.) (quickly) sniumundo; (promptly, soon) sprauto; (quick as a flash, suddenly) anaks; (soon, immediately) suns.
|
| quicker |
sniumundos.
|
| quickly |
(fast) sniumundo; (soon) sprauto.
|
| quiet (n.) |
(calm) ana-qal, ?sn.
|
| quiet (adj.) |
(peaceful) sutis; "to be/become quiet" af-dumbnan, af-dobnan, wv. 4, slawan, ga-slawan, ana-slawan, thahan, ga-thahan, ana-silan, wv. 3.
|
| quite |
(altogether, completely, in every respect) bi all, in allamma; "I am quite/completely deprived" allamma gasleithiths im; (utterly) all-andjo; (fully, perfectly) fulla-; (totally, very) ala-; "very pleasing, quite acceptable" waila anda-nems; (exactly, accurately) glaggwo - "you know quite well that..." glaggwo wituth thatei...; (indeed) "yes indeed" jai; (actually, for instance) raihtis (Used in second position in clause); "quite surely" triggwaba.
|
| quiver (v.) |
reiran, wv. 3.
|
| quivering (n.) |
reiro, wf.
|
| quote (n.) |
"the quote/passage/expression" thata qithano, wn.
|
| rabbi |
rabbei, ?
|
| race |
(nation, tribe, ethnicity) thiuda, sf.; (family, kin) kuni, sn.; (lineage, kin) fadreins, knoths, sf. (gen. knodais); (tribe, race) •slahta, sf.
|
| race-course |
(Also a 'stadion' = measure of distance) spaurds, f.
|
| race-track |
(Also a 'stadion' = measure of distance) spaurds, f.
|
| racket |
auhjodus, sm.
|
| racketeering |
(exploitation) bi-faih, sn.; (usury) wokrs, sm.
|
| radiance |
glitmuni, sn.
|
| rafter |
(beam) *ans, sm., (dat.sg. anza), #rafts, sm., •sparra, wm.
|
| rag |
fana, sm., •fata, sf., •laska, sf.
|
| rage (n.) |
(anger) moths, sm. (gen. modis), thwairhei, wf.; (hate, wrath) hatis, sn. (gen. *hatizis); (hate, envy, anger) neith, sn. (gen. neithis); (fury, ferocity) •grimmitha, sf.
|
| rage (v.) |
(be angry at) hatizon, wv. 2., neiwan, sv. I.; (rage, bluster) •staurmjan, wv. 1.
|
| rail against |
ubil-waurdjan, wv. 1.
|
| raiment |
(garment) wasti, sf.; (clothing) wastjos, sf.pl., ga-waseins, ga-skadweins, sf.
|
| rain (n.) |
rign, sn.
|
| rain (v.) |
rignjan, wv. 1. - "upon" ana +acc.; "from" us +dat.; "it rained brimstone and fire" rignida swibla jah funin.
|
| raise |
(lift) hafjan, sv. VI.; (lift, take away) us-hafjan, sv. VI. - "uz-uh-hoh augona "and he raised his eyes"; (raise, rouse, wake) ur-raisjan, wv. 1.; (rear child/animal) aljan, fodjan, wv. 1.; "a question/debate was raised concerning purification" warth bi swiknein sokeins ga-wagida.
|
| rake (n.) |
•raka, sf.
|
| rake (v.) |
"rake together, pile/hoard up" rikan, sv. V.
|
| rammer |
(wooden ramming tool, pestle) •stampa, sf.
|
| rampart |
(wall) *waddjus, sf.; (of town) baurgs-waddjus, sf.; (earthwork, defensive trench) graba, sf.
|
| ransom |
anda-bauhts, sf., lun, sn.; "pay ransom, bail out" *us-lunjan, wv. 1.
|
| ransoming (n.) |
us-luneins, sf.
|
| rare |
*silds.
|
| rash |
(rash, too proud) un-tila-malsks.
|
| rasp (v.) |
(scratch) •raspon, wv. 2.
|
| rate (v.) |
(regard/consider as, value, judge) rahnjan, ga-rahnjan, domjan, wv. 1.; "rate as higher/better" faura-rahnjan, wv. 1.
|
| rather |
(MORE SO, MORE LIKELY) haldis - "by no means" ni the haldis; (MORE) mais; "RATHER THAN" mais thau; (parenthetical) "OR RATHER" maizuth-than = maizuh than; (SOMEWHAT) hwa; (ON THE CONTRARY) thata anda-neitho, thata withra-wairtho; (AS OPPOSED TO) "RATHER THAN THAT ONE" thau raihtis jains; "NO, RATHER he deludes the crowd" ne, ak airzeith tho managein.
|
| rational |
(sensible, consciencious, thinking) anda-thahts; (reasonable) *ga-frathjis; (logical, verbal) waurdahs.
|
| rave |
(act/speak as if mad) dwalmon, wv. 2.
|
| raven |
#hrabns, sm.
|
| ravine |
dals, sm.
|
| raving (adj.) |
(mad) woths (gen. wodis).
|
| raving (n.) |
(nonsense, empty words) lausa-waurdei, wf.; (foolish talk) dwala-waurdei, wf.
|
| re- |
aftra-
|
| reach |
"come, arrive at" (place, etc.) at-gaggan, du-at-gaggan, sv. VII. - at-iddja, at-gaggans; (approach) ana-qiman, sv. IV., nehwjan sik, at-nehwjan, wv. 1.; (attain/obtain, arrive at) ga-tilon, wv. 2., ga-sniwan bi/du, sv. V. (bi +acc. / du +dat.); (reach, extend) fair-rinnan, sv. III. (du +dat.); (REACH OUT) uf-rakjan, sv. 1. - "reach out a hand" ufrakjan handu; (reach out, strive) sik uf-thanjan, wv. 1.
|
| read |
ana-kunnan, wv. 3.; (aloud) us-siggwan, sv. III.
|
| reading |
ana-kunnains, sf.; (reading from Bible) laiktjo, wf.; (chant, song, recitation) saggws, sm.
|
| ready |
manwus, ga-raiths (gen. ga-raidis); (quick, ready) #arws; (adv.) manwuba; "to be ready" manwuba haban, wv. 3.; "get/make ready, prepare" manwjan, ga-manwjan, skaftjan sik, wv. 1.; (work, perform, prepare) ga-waurkjan, wv. 1. - ga-waurhta, ga-waurhts; (dress, get ready) •garwon, wv. 2.
|
| real |
(true) sunjis, sunjeins; (pure, genuine) pistikeins.
|
| realise |
(perceive) gaumjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (become aware) uf-kunnan, (present as wv. 3., pret. almost always strong: uf-kuntha, but one example each of weak pret. and past part.: uf-kunnaida, uf-kunnaidai); (understand) frathjan, sv. VI. +dat.
|
| really |
(truly) sunjaba, bi sunjai, mith sunjai; (indeed) aiththau jah; (for sure) triggwaba - "they really believe, they are certain" triggwaba galaubjand; (actually, certainly, in fact, indeed; because, for, as is known) raihtis - "he really was a Pharisee" sa raihtis Fareisaius was; (at all) allis - "for if you had really believed in Moses" jabai allis Moses galaubidedeith.
|
| realm |
(state, empire, government, authority) reiki, sn.; (kingdom) thiudan-gardi, sf.
|
| reanimate |
*aftra-ga-qiujan, wv. 1.
|
| reap |
sneithan, sv. I.
|
| rear (adj.) |
aftuma.
|
| rear (raise a child, animal) |
aljan, fodjan, wv. 1.
|
| reason (n.) |
(PURPOSE, good reason) sautha, sf.; (end, purpose) andeis, sm.; (thing, CAUSE) waihts, sf. (usually, but acc.pl. waihts also found, Sk 2,c); "reason/grounds for accusation" fairina, sf.; "for that reason" duth-the, in this, in thizos waihtais; "for no reason, in vain" sware; (REASONING, thought) mitons, sf.; (reasonableness, rationality, intelligence, sobriety) ga-frathjei, wf.
|
| reasonable |
(intelligent, sober) *ga-frathjis; "be reasonable" waila frathjan, sv. VI.
|
| reasonableness |
(discretion, good sense, sobriety) ga-frathjei, wf.
|
| rebuff |
uf-brikan, sv. IV. +dat.
|
| rebuke (n.) |
anda-beit, sn., ga-sahts, hwota, sf., id-weit, sn.
|
| rebuke (v.) |
ga-sakan, sv. VI. +dat. or +acc., ana-haitan, sv. VII. +dat.; (rebuke, argue with) sakan, sv. VI. +dat.; (threaten, accuse) hwotjan, ga-hwotjan, wv. 1.; (reproach, blame) id-weitjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (blame, reproach, threaten, accuse) and-beitan, sv. I. +acc.
|
| recall |
(remember, bear in mind) ga-munan, pp. - ga-man, ga-munum, ga-munda (gen., acc.); "recall that..." ga-munan that-ei...; "recall what was said" gamunan this waurdis / thata waurd; "because of her joy, she doesn't remember the pain" ni gaman thizos aglons faura fahedai; (remind, recall) ga-maudjan, wv. 1. (acc. of person reminded, gen. of thing recalled); "I remind you to" gamaudja thuk + inf.; (remember) ga-maudein and-niman, sv. IV.
|
| recollection |
(remembrance) ga-munds, ga-maudeins, sf., ga-minthi, sn.
|
| receipt |
(receiving, acceptance) anda-nem, sn., anda-numts, sf.; (document) "deed of sale" fra-bauhta-boka; "pledge document" wadja-bokos.
|
| receive |
and-niman, fra-niman, sv. IV.; (take, get, receive) niman, sv. IV.; (get, learn, bring along, conceive child) ga-niman, sv. IV. - "receive from" ga-niman at +dat.; (be allotted) *hliutan, sv. II.; "s-one receives s-thing by inheritence" waihts und-rinnith ainamma, sv. III.
|
| receiving |
anda-nem, sn., anda-numts, sf.
|
| receptive |
(accepting, holding firm) anda-nemeigs.
|
| reciprient |
*numja, wm., *numjo, wf.
|
| reciprocally |
misso.
|
| recite |
us-siggwan, sv. III.
|
| reckon |
(count, judge, value) rahnjan, ga-rahnjan, wv. 1.; "I reckon, it seems to me" thugkeith mis; (believe, hold opinion) munan, pp. - man, munum, munda.; (believe) ga-laubjan, wv. 1. (dat. of person, acc. of thing); "reckon superior" faura-rahnjan, wv. 1.
|
| recline |
ana-kumbjan, wv. 1.
|
| recognise |
(realise) ga-kunnan, wv. 3., uf-kunnan, (present as wv. 3., pret. almost always strong: uf-kuntha, but one example each of weak pret. and past part.: uf-kunnaida, uf-kunnaidai); (defer/submit to, acknowledge authority of) ga-kunnan, pp. - ga-kann, ga-kunnum, ga-kuntha.
|
| recognition |
(of facts, knowledge) uf-kunthi, sn.
|
| recommend |
(advocate, recommend person, entrust as tradition) ana-filhan, sv. III.; (introduce) ga-kannjan, us-kannjan, wv. 1.
|
| recommendation |
ana-filh, sn.
|
| recompense (n.) |
anda-launi, sn.
|
| recompense (v.) |
(pay) us-gildan, sv. III.; (pay up, show) us-giban, sv. V.
|
| recon |
(visit, scouting/spying out) niuhseins, sf.
|
| reconcile |
ga-frithon, wv. 2. +acc. - "to/with" +dat.; "make one's peace with, become reconciled with" ga-sibjon, wv. 2. +dat.
|
| reconciliation |
ga-frithons, sf.
|
| reconnaissance |
(inspection, scouting visit) niuhseins, sf.
|
| reconnoitre |
bi-niuhsjan, wv. 1.
|
| recover |
(get well) ga-nisan, sv. V., ga-hailnan, wv. 4., waila wairthith (impersonal +dat.) - "they will get better" waila wairthith im.
|
| rectification |
ga-raihteins, sf.
|
| rectify |
ga-raihtjan, at-ga-raihtjan, wv. 1.; (mend) aftra ga-botjan, wv. 1., aftra ga-satjan, wv. 1.
|
| red |
rauths (gen. raudis).
|
| redden |
*riudan, sv. II.; (blush) *ga-riudan, sv. II.
|
| redeem |
(pay ransom for) *us-lunjan, wv. 1.; (buy, buy back) us-bugjan, wv. 1. +dat. or +acc. - us-bauhta, us-bauhts.
|
| redeem |
us-bugjan, wv. 1. - us-bauhta, us-bauhts.
|
| redemption |
faurbauhts, sf., us-luneins, sf.; (invitation, consolation, redemption) lathons, sf.
|
| redemption |
us-luneins, sf.
|
| reduce |
(curtail, cut short, reduce in number) ga-maurgjan, wv. 1.
|
| reduction |
wanains, sf.
|
| reed |
raus, sn. (gen. rausis).
|
| reef |
(rib, reef) •ribi, sn.
|
| reel (n.) |
haspa, sf.
|
| reel in |
haspan, ana-haspan, wv. 3.
|
| refer |
(apply/relate an example to) thairh-ga-leikon, wv. 2.; (compare, give birth to) ga-bairan, sv. IV.
|
| reflect |
(think) hugjan, wv. 1.; (consider, take note of, reflect on) at-saihwan, sv. V.
|
| reflection |
(image, example) fri-sahts, sf.; "see as a reflection" saihwan thairh skuggwan, thairh-saihwan, sv. V.
|
| refrain (v.) |
"hold back, avoid, refrain" ga-haban sik, wv. 3. - "from" af +dat.
|
| refresh |
ana-thrafstjan, wv. 1.
|
| refusal |
(refusal, reluctance) us-werei, wf.
|
| refuse (n.) |
(excrement, rubbish) smarnos, sf.pl.; (reject, abortion) us-waurpa, sf.
|
| refuse (v.) |
un-werjan, wv. 1.
|
| regard (n.) |
(respect, obedience) uf-hauseins, sf.; (respect, high regard) *aiza, sf.; "regard as superior" faura-rahnjan, wv. 1.; "regarding" bi +dat., faur +acc.; "in this regard" in thizai halbai; "in every regard" bi all, in allamma.
|
| regard (v.) |
(rate, judge) rahnjan, ga-rahnjan, domjan, wv. 1., miton, wv. 2.; (believe, consider as) munan, pp. man, munum, munda; (watch, pay attention/consideration to, have regard/deference for) and-saihwan, sv. III.; (look at, consider) in-saihwan, sv. V.; (pay attention to, aim towards) mundon, wv. 2. +acc.; (gaze, stare, watch, look attentively) fair-weitjan, wv. 1. "at" du, or +gen. - "up to, as far as" in +acc.; "watch up to the end of" fairweitjan und andi +gen.; "respect, honour, have regard for" sweran, aistan, ga-aistan, wv. 3.
|
| regarding |
bi +dat., faur +acc.
|
| regiment |
thusundi, sf.; "regiment commander" thiu-faths, thusundi-faths, sm. (i-stem, gen. -fadis).
|
| region |
gawi, sn, gaujans (wm. pl.), land, sn.; (region, side) fera, sf.; (region, earth) airtha, sf.
|
| register |
ana-meljan, wv. 1.
|
| registration (e.g. for tax) |
meleins, sf.
|
| regret (n.) |
(remorse) idreiga, sf.; (sadness) trigo, wf.
|
| regret (v.) |
idreigon, wv. 2.
|
| regular |
(frequent, continual, daily) sinteins; (normal) bi-uhts.
|
| regularly |
(often) ufta; (continually) sinteino.
|
| reign (n.) |
"the thirty-second year of Ataxerxes' reign" jer 30 jah anthar Artarksairksaus.
|
| reign over |
fraujinon +dat., ga-fraujinon +dat., raginon +dat., reikinon +dat., thiudanon ufar, wv. 2. +dat., ga-waldan, sv. VII. +dat., faura-standan, sv. V.
|
| rein |
•brigdil, sn.
|
| reinvite |
(invite back/again) aftra-ga-lathon, wv. 2.
|
| reject (n.) |
(ejection, cast-off, miscarriage) us-waurpa, sf.
|
| reject |
us-kiusan, sv. II. +dat.; (reject, deny, frustrate, refuse) in-widan, sv. V.; (reject, despise) uf-brikan, sv. IV., fra-kunnan, pp. - fra-kann, fra-kunnum, fra-kuntha (dat. or: at +dat.); (throw out, reject, drive out, overthrow) us-wairpan, sv. III. +dat. or +acc.; (condemn, curse) af-domjan, wv. 1.; (refuse, disagree) un-werjan, wv. 1.; "spit at, despise, reject" and-speiwan, sv. I.
|
| rejected |
fra-kunths; "be rejected" fra-kunths wairthan, sv. III.
|
| rejoice |
faginon, wv. 2., sifan, wv. 3., swignjan, swegnjan, wv. 1.; "rejoice in/about/because of" faginon +dat., faginon in +dat., faginon in +gen., faginon ana +dat.; "rejoice because/that" faginon thammei, faginon in thammei, sifan ei +subjunctive; (rejoice in spirit, in one's heart) swegnjan ahmin.
|
| rejoicing (n.) |
swegnitha, swignitha, sf.
|
| relate |
(tell) ga-teihan, sv. I., spillon, wv, II.; (refer) thairh-ga-leikon, wv. 2.; (compare, give birth to) ga-bairan, sv. IV.
|
| related |
sama-kuns (i-stem).
|
| relation |
(male) ga-nithjis, sm.; (female) ga-nithjo, wf.; (kin, relations) kuni, sn.
|
| relationship |
sibja, sf.
|
| relax |
(INTR.) (pause) hweilan, ga-hweilan, wv. 3.; (leave off - e.g. of fit/madness) af-linnan, sv. III.; (TRANS.) (ease, soothe) •linthjan, wv. 1.; "give rest/respite to" ana-hweilan, wv. 3.; (refresh, cheer, comfort) ana-thrafstjan, wv. 1.; (relax/relieve burdon, help with debts) *un-kaurjan, wv. 1.
|
| relaxation |
(respite, rest) ga-hweilains, sf.
|
| release (n.) |
fra-let, sn.
|
| release (v.) |
fra-letan, sv, VII. +acc., lausjan, wv. 1. +acc. - "from" us +dat.; "be released" and-letnan, wv. 4.
|
| reliability |
(firmness, steadfastness) tulgitha, sf.; (security, safety, firmness) thwastitha, sf.; (certainty, truth) astaths, sf.
|
| reliable |
triggws; (truthful) un-luigands.
|
| reliably |
(truly) sunjaba.
|
| relief |
(amelioration, improvement in condition) iusila, sf.; (relieving of burden, alleviation of debts) un-kaureins, sf.; (soothing) •lintheins, sf.; (charity/alms, mercy) arma-hairtitha, sf., armaio, wf.; (supplies, aid, support) and-stald, sn.; (supplies, needs, living expenses) anda-wizns, sf.; (support) #stutja, sf.; (help) *hilpa, sf.
|
| relieve |
(refresh, cheer, comfort) ana-thrafstjan, wv. 1.; (alleviate) •linthjan, wv. 1.; (ameliorate, improve) *iusilon, wv. 2.; (unburden, help out with debts/expenses) *un-kaurjan, wv. 1.; "give rest/respite to" ana-hweilan, wv. 3.
|
| relocate |
mith-satjan, wv. 1.
|
| reluctance |
(unwillingness, refusal) un-werei, wf.; (reluctance, regret) trigo, sf.
|
| reluctant |
*un-wers (i-stem); "to be reluctant, to refuse" un-wenjan, wv. 1.
|
| reluctantly |
us trigon.
|
| rely on |
(trust) trauan, ga-trauan, wv. 3. +dat., wenjan in/du, wv. 1. +dat.
|
| remain |
(stay behind) af-lifnan, wv. 4, bi-leiban, sv. I.; (dwell, carry on being, continue to exist) wisan, sv. V.; (stay) ga-wisan, sv. V. - "he remained dumb" gawas dumbs; (continue, persist) thairh-wisan, fram-wairthis wisan, sv. V.; "he remained dumb" gawas dumbs; (be, be in existence) "they remain to this day, they are still here/alive" sind und hita; (remain in place/condition, come to a stop, stay standing still, abide, stand fast) ga-standan, sv. VI.; "remain with, stay with" mith-ga-wisan, sv. V.
|
| remainder |
laiba, sf.
|
| remark |
qithan, sv. V.
|
| remarkable |
(amazing) silda-leiks.
|
| remedy (v.) |
(heal) hailjan, ga-hailjan, wv. 1. +gen., aftra gasatjan, wv. 1., lekinon, wv. 2.; (save, heal) ga-nasjan, wv. 1.; (rectify, correct) ga-raihtjan, at-ga-raihtjan, wv. 1.; (mend) aftra ga-botjan, wv. 1., aftra ga-satjan, wv. 1.
|
| remember |
(recall, bear in mind) ga-munan, pp. - ga-man, ga-munum, ga-munda (gen., acc.); "remember that..." ga-munan that-ei...; "remember what was said" gamunan thata waurd / this waurdis; "because of her joy, she doesn't remember the pain" ni gaman thizos aglons faura fahedai; (remind, recall) ga-maudjan, wv. 1. (acc. of person reminded, gen. of thing recalled); "I remind you to" gamaudja thuk + inf.; (recall) ga-maudein and-niman, sv. IV.
|
| remembrance |
ga-munds, ga-maudeins, sf., ga-minthi, sn.
|
| remind |
ga-maudjan, wv. 1. (acc. of person reminded, gen. of thing to remember); "I remind you to" gamaudja thuk + inf.
|
| remission (of sins) |
af-lageins, sf, af-lets, sm., fra-lets, sm.
|
| remnant |
laiba, sf.
|
| remorse |
idreiga, sf.
|
| remorseful |
*idreigs.
|
| remove |
(take away) af-niman, us-niman, sv. IV.; (shift, transplant) mith-satjan, wv. 1.
|
| remuneration |
laun, sn., anda-launi, sn.
|
| rend |
tahjan, wv. 1., *tairan, wv. 4.; *skreitan, sv. I.; (tear up/apart/to pieces) dis-skreitan, sv. I, dis-tairan, ga-tairan, sv. IV.
|
| renew |
ana-niujan, wv. 1.
|
| renewal |
ana-niujitha, sf.; (restoration) aftra-ana-stodeins, sf.
|
| renounce |
af-qithan, sv. V. +dat., af-aikan, sv. VII.+acc., af-standan, sv. VI. +dat.
|
| renown |
(fame, boast) hwoftuli; (report, rumour) meritha, sf.; (fame) *merei, wf.; (glory) #hroms, sm.; (triumph, glory/fame in victory) *hroth, sn. (gen. *hrothis); (exaltedness) hauhitha, sf.; (honour) *swerei, wf., *sweritha, sf.; "seek renown for one's self" hauhitha seina sokjan, wv. 1.; (importance, worthiness) wairthida, sf.; (prestige, insight, opinion, judgement) doms, sm.
|
| renowned |
(esteemed) swers; (famous) *mereis, *hluths (gen. *hluthis); (reputable, well-regarded) thuhts, waila-mereis.
|
| rent apart, to be |
dis-skritnan, dis-taurnan, wv. 4.
|
| repair |
aftra ga-botjan, wv. 1., aftra ga-satjan, wv. 1.; (rectify) at-ga-raihtjan, wv. 1.
|
| repay |
(pay, repay) us-gildan, sv. III.; (pay up, show) us-giban, sv. V.
|
| repeal |
(abolish) blauthjan, wv. 1.
|
| repeat |
(say again) aftra qithan, sv. V.; "she began to repeat to those present" aftra dugann qithan thaim faurastandandam.
|
| repent |
idreigon, ga-idreigon, wv. 2.; "I repent, I'm sorry" idreigo mik (ana +dat. for thing repented).
|
| repentance |
idreiga, sf.
|
| replant |
(transplant, shift) mith-satjan, wv. 1.
|
| replendent |
wulthags.
|
| replica |
ga-leiki, sn.
|
| report (n.) |
(rumour, fame) meritha, sf.; (message, teaching) hauseins, sf.
|
| report (v.) |
spillon, us-spillon, sv. II. "to" +dat., (tell, reveal) ga-teihan, sv. I. (acc. of information, dat. of recipient), ga-swikunthjan, wv. 1.; (tell everyone, demean, participate) ga-mainjan, ga-ga-mainjan, wv. 1. +dat.; "they reported to him everything they had done" usspillodedun imma swa filu swe gatawidedun.
|
| reprehensible |
*wahs, fairina, w.adj.
|
| repress |
(persecute) wrikan, sv. V., wrakjan, wv. 1.; (oppress, burden) kaurjan, wv. 1.; (coerce, bully, tyrannise) ana-mahtjan, wv. 1.
|
| repression |
(perecution) wraka, wrakja, sf., wrekei, wf.; (power, tyranny, violence, coersion) ana-mahts, sf.
|
| reprimand (n.) |
anda-beit, sn., ga-sahts, hwota, sf., id-weit, sn.
|
| reprimand (v.) |
(rebuke, scold) ga-sakan, sv. VI. +dat. or +acc., ana-haitan, sv. VII. +dat., and-beitan, sv. I. +acc.; (rebuke, argue with) sakan, sv. VI. +dat.; (threaten, accuse) hwotjan, ga-hwotjan, wv. 1.; (reproach, blame) id-weitjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (blame, reproach, threaten, accuse) and-beitan, sv. I. +acc.; (slap in face) wlizjan, wv. 1.; (punish, avenge) fra-weitan, sv, I.; (teach, reprimand) talzjan, wv. 1.
|
| reproach (n.) |
id-weit, sn.
|
| reproach (v.) |
ga-sakan, sv. VI. +dat. or +acc.; (reproach, blame, revile) id-weitjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (blame, reproach, threaten, accuse) and-beitan, sv. I. +acc.
|
| reprobate (adj.) |
us-kusans.
|
| reprobate (n.) |
un-sibjis, ubil-tojis, fra-waurhts, sm., missa-taujands, m.; (criminal) wai-dedja, wm.
|
| reproof |
ga-sahts, sf., anda-beit, sn., id-weit, sn.
|
| reprove |
(rebuke, scold) ga-sakan, sv. VI. +dat. or +acc., ana-haitan, sv. VII. +dat.; (rebuke, argue with) sakan; (threaten, accuse) hwotjan, ga-hwotjan, wv. 1.; (reproach, blame, revile) id-weitjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (blame, reproach, threaten, accuse) and-beitan, sv. I. +acc.
|
| repugnant |
anda-sets (i-stem).
|
| repulse |
af-skiuban, sv. II.
|
| repulsive |
anda-sets (i-stem).
|
| reputable |
thuhts, waila-mereis.
|
| reputation |
(fame, repute) *merei; (report, rumour) meritha, sf.; (good repute) waila-merei, wf.; "bad reputation" *ubil-merei, sf.
|
| repute |
(fame) *merei, wf.; (glory) #hroms, sm.; (fame, boast) hwoftuli; (report, rumour) meritha, sf.; (triumph, glory/fame in victory) *hroth, sn. (gen. *hrothis); "good repute" waila-merei, wf.; "ill repute" *ubil-merei, sf.
|
| reputed |
(SUPPOSED, imagined) ahiths; (expected, supposed) ga-weniths, wv. 1.; (presupposed, prejudged) faura-domiths; munds; (RECKONED, considered) rahniths; (FAMED) *mereis; (of good repute) waila-mereis; (esteemed) swers.
|
| request (n.) |
aihtrons, bida, sf.; (complaint, plaint, demand) *aihtr, sn.; (entreaty) uf-bloteins, sf.; (intercession) liteins, sf.
|
| request (v.) |
(ask, pray) bidjan, sv. V.; (ask, learn by asking) fraihnan, ga-fraihnan, sv. V. (gen. of thing, acc. of person asked); (beg) aihtron, wv. 2.
|
| require |
thaurban, pp. +gen., tharf, thaurbum, thaurfta.
|
| requirement |
tharba, thaurfts, naudi-thaurfts, nauths, sf. (gen. nauthais) - "requirement of/for" nauths +gen.; "requirements, supplies, living expenses" anda-wizns, sf.
|
| requite |
us-giban, sv. V., us-gildan, sv. III.
|
| requisite |
"requisites, supplies, living expenses" anda-wizns, sf.
|
| resemblance |
ga-leiki, sn.
|
| resemble |
ga-leikon, wv. 2. +dat.; "transform to resemble" inn-ga-leikon, wv. 2. +dat.
|
| reside |
bauan, wv. 3., saljan, wv. 1.
|
| residence |
(dwelling) bauains, *dauka, •baggwitha, sf.; (house) hus, sn.; (village, home village, homestead, farm) haims, sf. (but declined as o-stem in pl.); (home, habitat, homeland) •arthus, sm.; (lodgings, mansion) salithwos, sf.pl.; "at home, in residence" ana-haimeis; "to be at home" in-wisan, irreg.; "absent/away from home" af-haimeis.
|
| resin |
(amber) #gles, sn. (gen. #glezis).
|
| resolution |
(resolve, determination, intent) muns, sm. (i-stem); (promise) ga-hait, sn.; (oath) aiths, sm. (gen. aithis); (agreement, accord, covenant) trausti, sn., triggwa, wf.
|
| resolve (n.) |
(resolution, determination, intent) muns, sm. (i-stem).
|
| resolve (v.) |
(INTR. form as image) ga-fri-sahtnan, wv. 4.
|
| resound |
(crash, bang) *hlimman, sv. III.; (clang) klismjan, wv. 1.
|
| respect (n.) |
(respect, obedience) uf-hauseins, sf; (honour, respect) *aiza, sf.; "in respect of, regarding" bi +dat., faur +acc.; "in this respect" in thizai halbai; "in every respect" in allamma, bi all.
|
| respect (v.) |
(have regard for) aistan, ga-aistan, wv. 3.; (honour) sweran, wv. 3.; (heed, obey) uf-hausjan, wv. 1. +dat.; "respect/obey one's parents" bar-usnjan, wv. 1.; "respect as superior, rate better" faura-rahnjan, wv. 1.; "respecting/regarding" bi +dat., faur +acc.; "in this respect" in thizai halbai.
|
| respectability |
(respectability) ga-riudi, sn.; (importance, worth) wairthida, sf.; (honour) sweritha, sf.
|
| respectable |
(dignified, modest) ga-riuths (gen. ga-riudis); (important, significant) wulthrs; (important, powerful) reikeis; (esteemed) swers; (worthy) wairths; (decently dressed) *ga-fehs.
|
| respectably |
(decent in appearance) ga-fehaba; (commendably, properly) ga-redaba; (worthily) wairthaba.
|
| respite (n.) |
(rest, a break, relaxation) ga-hweilains, sf.; "give respite to" ana-hweilan, wv. 3.
|
| resplendence |
wulthus, sm.
|
| rest (n.) |
(resting, relaxation) ga-hweilains, sf.; (peace) rimis, sn. (gen. rimisis); "the rest, the others" antharai (pl. of anthar).
|
| rest (v.) |
(pause) hweilan, ga-hweilan, wv. 3.; "give rest/respite" ana-hweilan, wv. 3.
|
| restitution |
(recompense) anda-launi, sn.
|
| restoration |
aftra-ana-stodeins, sf.
|
| restore |
(mend, heal, restore to proper condition) aftra ga-satjan, wv. 1, aftra gabotjan, wv. 1.; "restore to health" hailjan, ga-hailjan, wv. 1. +gen., lekinon, wv. 2.; "save, heal" ga-nasjan, wv. 1.; (repay, show) us-giban, sv. V.
|
| restrain |
(hamper, delay, check, hold up) latjan, ga-latjan, ana-latjan, wv. 1.; "restrain from" latjan, wv. 1. (dat. + inf.); (forbid, block, prevent) warjan, wv. 1.; (stop a flow, dam up) faur-dammjan, wv. 1.; "restrain oneself, hold back, avoid, refrain" ga-haban sik, wv. 3. - "from" af +dat.; (capture) fra-hinthan, us-hinthan, sv. III.; (imprison) ga-lagjan in karkarai, wv. 1.; (capture, take, keep) ga-haban, wv. 3.; "restrain oneself, exercise self-restraint" ga-haban sik, wv. 3.
|
| restrained |
(discreet) *faurs (i-stem); (dignified, self-controlled) ana-wiljis; (captive) fra-hunthans.
|
| restraint |
(FETTER) bandi, ga-binda, ga-bundi, kuna-wida, naudi-bandi, sf.; (of iron) eisarna-bandi, sf.; "irons" eisarna, sn.pl.; (CONSTRAINT, force, necessity, duress) nauths, sf. (gen. nauthais); (restriction) ga-aggwei, wf.; (violence, coersion) ana-mahts, sf.; (SELF-CONTROL) *ga-hobains, sf.; (calm, dignity, equanimity, self-possession) ana-wiljei, wf.; (control, guidance, self-control, steering) *stiurei, wf.; "exercise self-restraint" ga-haban sik, wv. 3.
|
| restrict |
ga-aggwjan, wv. 1.
|
| restriction |
ga-aggwei, wf.
|
| result (n.) |
(deed, effect) taui, sn.; "as a result of, because of" in +gen.
|
| resurrection |
ur-rists, us-stass, sf.
|
| retain |
ga-haldan, sv. VII.; at sis ga-haban, wv. 3.
|
| retard (v.) |
(delay, impede) latjan, ana-latjan, wv. 1.
|
| retinue |
(military) drauhts, sf.
|
| retribution |
(punishment, revenge) fra-weit, sn.
|
| return (n.) |
qums aftra, sm. (i-stem).
|
| return (v.) |
(GO/COME AGAIN/BACK) aftra ga-leithan, sv. I., aftra qiman, sv. IV.; (TURN/HEAD BACK) at-wandjan, wv. 1.; (REPENT, PHYSICALLY GO/TURN BACK, RETURN TO SOME PRACTISE, GIVE BACK, CAUSE TO COME BACK) ga-wandjan, wv. 1.; "he returned the 30 silver pennies to the priests" gawandida thans thins tiguns silubrineize gudjam; "he shall cause many of the sons of Israel to return to the Lord their God" managans suniwe Israelis gawandeid du fraujin guda ize; (RESTORE, mend, heal, return to former condition) aftra ga-satjan, wv. 1, aftra gabotjan, wv. 1.; "heal, return s-one to health" hailjan, ga-hailjan, wv. 1. +gen., lekinon, wv. 2.; (save, heal) ga-nasjan, wv. 1.; "be healed, RETURN TO HEALTH" ga-hailnan, wv. 4., waila wairthith (impersonal +dat.) - "they will get better" waila wairthith im; "be saved, returned to health" ga-nisan, sv. V.; (REPAY, show) us-giban, sv. V.
|
| reveal |
(uncover) and-huljan, wv. 1.; (show) augjan, at-augjan, wv. 1., bairhtjan, ga-bairhtjan, wv I.; (divulge) us-qithan, wv. V.; (tell) ga-teihan, sv. I. (acc. of information, dat. of recipient); "the future will be revealed to you" thata anawairtho gateihith izwis; (report) spillon, wv. 2.; (tell, make manifest) ga-swikunthjan, wv. 1.; (tell everyone, defile, participate) ga-mainjan, ga-ga-mainjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (give away information) bandwjan, wv. 1. - "your accent gives you away" razda theina bandweith thuk; (bring to light, light up, shed light on) ga-liuhtjan, wv. 1.
|
| revelation |
and-huleins, sf.
|
| revelry |
ga-baur, sm.
|
| revenge |
(punishment, revenge) fra-weit, sn.
|
| revere |
(respect) aistan, ga-aistan, wv. 3.; (fear, be in awe of) *ogan, pp. - og, *ogum, ohta.
|
| reverence |
(worship) blotan, sv. VII.; (greet) in-weitan, sv. I. +acc.; (respect) aistan, ga-aistan, wv. 3.
|
| reverend |
(title of priest) papa, sm. - "Father/Reverend Wereka" Wereka papa.
|
| revile |
(hate) fijan, wv. 3, hatan, wv. 3, hatjan, wv. 1.; (insult) lauan, sv. VII. +dat. - lailo, lauans; (reproach, blame) id-weitjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (blame, reproach, threaten, accuse) and-beitan, sv. I. +acc.
|
| revise |
(correct further, set straight) at-ga-raihtjan, wv. 1.
|
| revive |
(bring to life) ga-qiujan, wv. 1.; (come to life) ga-qiunan, wv. 4.; (bring back to life) *afar-ga-qiujan, wv. 1.; (come back to life) *afar-ga-qiunan, wv. 4.
|
| revolution |
(overthrow) us-walteins, sf.
|
| reward (n.) |
(reward, payment, wage) laun, anda-launi, sn., mizdo, wf.; "reward of victory" sigis-laun.
|
| reward (v.) |
(pay, repay) us-gildan, sv. III.; (repay, pay up, show) us-giban, sv. V.
|
| rib |
•ribi, sn.
|
| ribaldry |
saldra, sf.
|
| rich |
gabeigs, gabigs; "get rich" gabignan, wv. 4.; "make rich" gabigjan, wv.I.; "be rich" ufarassu haban, wv. 3., in ufarassau wisan, irreg.; "the rich" thai in ufarassau wisandans.
|
| riches |
gabei, wf., faihu-thraihn(s), ?sm. ?sn.; (wealth, cattle) faihu, sn.; (money, coin) skatts, sm.; (mammon) mammona, wm.; (plenty) ufarassus, sm.
|
| richly |
ga-bigaba.
|
| ride (v.) |
*reidan, sv. I. (+dat. in ON; on +dat. in OE, usually, but also just dat.: ridan ytha hrycgum).
|
| ridicule |
bi-hlahjan, sv. VI, bi-laikan, sv. VII., •skairnjan, bi-mampjan, wv. 1.
|
| right (adj.) |
(CORRECT, STRAIGHT) raihts; (TRUE) sunjis, sunjeins; (JUST, right, fair, RIGHTEOUS) us-waurhts, ga-raihts; (WELL, correct, rightly) waila; "were we not right to say that...?" niu waila qitham weis thatei...?; (APPROPRIATE) ga-dofs (i-stem, gen. ga-dobis); (PROPERLY, advisedly) ga-redaba; (decent) *ga-fehs; (properly, respectably) ga-fehaba; (appropriately) ga-temiba, ga-tilaba; "PUT RIGHT, correct" ga-raihtjan, wv. 1.; (RIGHT/LAWFUL TO DO) "it is right to" skuld ist (+inf.); "it is not right/lawful" ni skuld ist" (+inf.).
|
| right (hand) |
(OPPOSITE OF LEFT) taihswa, w.adj.; "RIGHT HAND, the right" taihswo, wf.; "if anyone hits you on the right cheek" jabai hwas thuk stautai bi taiwswon theina kinnu; "he chopped off his right ear" afsloh imma auso thata taihswo; "on [the/his/her/my. etc.] left side" af hleidumein/taihswon ferai; "standing to the right of the altar" standands af taihswon hunslastadis; "he sat at God's right hand" af taihswon gudis.
|
| right (n.) |
(justice, righteousness) ga-raihtei, wf., ga-raihtitha, sf.
|
| righteous |
ga-raihts, us-waurhts.
|
| righteousness |
(justice) ga-raihtei, wf.; (correction) ga-raihteins, sf.
|
| rightly |
(CORRECTLY, properly) raihtaba; (correctly, justly) ga-raihtaba; (WELL, excellently, kindly) waila; (RESPECTABLY) ga-fehaba; (commendably, properly) ga-redaba; (APPROPRIATELY) ga-temiba, ga-tilaba; (suitably, worthily) wairthaba; (ACTUALLY, in fact, namely) raihtis; (TRULY) sunjaba.
|
| rigid |
(hard) hardus; (harsh, strict) *hwass; (narrow) aggwus; "go rigid" ga-staurknan, wv. 4.
|
| rigidly |
(harshly, severely) harduba, hardaba; (strictly, harshly, sharply) hwassaba.
|
| rill |
rinno, wf.
|
| ring |
figgra-gulth, sn, •hriggs, sm. (Crim. rinck/ringo; Church Slav. useregz 'earring').
|
| riotously |
us-stiuriba.
|
| riotousness |
us-stiurei, wf.
|
| rim |
(edge, shield rim) •randa, sf., •targo, wf.
|
| rip (n.) |
ga-taura, wm.
|
| rip (v.) |
tahjan, wv. 1., *tairan, wv. 4.; (tear up/apart/to pieces) dis-skreitan, sv. I, dis-tairan, ga-tairan, sv. IV.
|
| ripen |
(mature, fruit) ga-wrisqan, sv. III.
|
| rise (v.) |
reisan, ur-reisan, sv. I.; (mount, climb) steigan, sv. I.; (rise, go forth/out from, spring up) ur-rinnan, sv. III.; (quickly, shoot upwards) us-hlaupan, sv. VII.; (stand up, rise, come out/from) us-standan, sv. VI.
|
| rising (n.) |
(rising up, resurrection) ur-rists, us-stass, sf.; (sunrise, the east, drain/sewer/toilet) ur-runs, sm. (i-stem, gen. ur-runsis).
|
| river |
ahwa, sf.; •baks, m. (i-stem); (stream) rinno, sf.; "the [River] Jordan" Iaurdane ahwa (No definite article, unlike Greek or English - but any qualifying adjective would probably be definite, cf. fairguni alewjo 'Mount of Olives').
|
| rivulet |
rinno, wf.
|
| road |
gagg, sn., staiga, sf., wigs, sm.; "on/onto the road" ana wiga; (footprint, tracks, trail, step) laists, sm., (i-stem); (ROUGH TRACK) us-drusts, sf.; "on the way" in wiga; "go on one's way" usgaggan in wig; (TRAIL, path, footprint, tracks, step, ?objective/intention) laists, sm. (i-stem); (a rough track) us-drusts, sf.; (STREET) gatwo, wf., *platja, ga-runs, sf. (gen. ga-runsais), faura-dauri, sn.
|
| roast |
•brason, wv. 2.
|
| rob |
bi-raubon, wv. 2. (acc. of victim; thing stolen not attested, but ?gen. as in OHG), wilwan, dis-wilwan, sv. III.; (deprive) ga-tarnjan, wv. 1.
|
| robber |
wilwa, sm.
|
| robbery |
wulwa, sf.
|
| robe |
(coat, cloak) snaga, wm.
|
| rock (n.) |
stains, sm.
|
| rock (v.) |
(TRANS.) (move, shake, wag) wagjan, wv. 1.; (shake, perturb) af-swaggwjan, wv. 1.; (shake, stir) ga-wagjan, wv. 1.; (INTR.) (tremble, shake) reiran, wv. 3.; (begin to shake) in-reiran, wv. 3.; (make tremble) af-swaggwjan, wv. 1.
|
| rod |
hrugga, sf., wandus, sm., triu, sn., •roda, sf.
|
| roll |
(TRANS.) walwjan, wv. 1.; "roll away" af-walwjan, wv. 1.; "roll to" at-walwjan, wv. 1.; "cover by rolling s-thing in front of" faur-walwjan, wv. 1. +dat. for thing rolled & acc. for thing covered (the other walwjan verbs have acc. for thing rolled + dative for any beneficiary); (roll, roll over, capsise) *wiltan, sv. III.; (INTR.) (rock, turn over, capsise) waltjan, wv. 1.; (roll, tumble) *wiltan, sv. III.; "roll around on the floor" walwison, wv. 2.
|
| Romans |
Rumoneis, sm.pl.
|
| Rome |
Ruma, sf.
|
| roof |
hrot, sn.
|
| room |
(room, space) rums, sm.; "there wasn't any room for them" ni was im rumis; (chamber) hethjo, wf.; (upper room) kelikn, sn.; (lodgings, mansion, dwelling) salithwos, sf.pl.
|
| room, to find |
ga-motan, pp. - ga-mot, ga-motum, ga-mosta.
|
| root |
waurts, sf.
|
| rooted |
ga-waurts.
|
| rootless |
us-wiss.
|
| rootlessness |
(detachment, separateness) us-wissi, sn.
|
| rope |
*sail, sn., *wida, sf.; (fetter, rope for tying prisoner) kuna-wida, sf.
|
| rot (n.) |
"rot, ruin, corruption, transience" riurei, wf.; "mould" •mudw, sn.
|
| rot (v.) |
(INTR.) fra-wairthan, sv. III.; "to go mouldy" •mugan, wv. 3.; (TRANS. "ruin, spoil") fra-wardjan, wv. 1.; riurjan, wv. 1.
|
| rotten |
(perishable, rotten, spoilt) riureis; "mouldy" •mudweins; "go rotten, become corrupt/spoilt" riureis wairthan, sv. III.
|
| rough |
*un-sutis; (unkind) un-mildeis; (violent) slahals; (ferociously violent) un-mana-riggws; "rough situation" un-suti, sn.; (uncertain) un-wiss.
|
| roughly |
(approximately) swe.
|
| round |
(PREP: around, round, near) bi +acc.; "around, surrounding, round about" bi-sunjane; "round about, approximately" swe; "round his waist/loins" bi hup seinana.
|
| rouse |
(WAKE UP someone) us-wakjan, wv. 1.; (wake, raise) ur-raisjan, wv. 1.; (bring round) us-skaujan, wv. 1.; (be roused from sleep) ga-waknan, wv. 4.; (come to, regain consciousness) us-skaujan sik. (also with passive: "to recover oneself"); (TO STIR UP EMOTION) (anger, provoke) gramjan, in-gramjan, wv. 1.; (stir up, excite - e.g. a crowd) us-wagjan, wv. 1.; (agitate, stir up, disturb) drobjan, wv. 1.; (move inwardly, stir, arouse passion/emotion) in-wagjan, wv. 1.; "be roused to emotion/pity" in-wagjan sik, in-rauhtjan, wv. 1.; (be roused to compassion) in-feinan, wv. 4.
|
| route |
*rannjan, wv. 1. (+dat.? cf. ON renna).
|
| router |
(r)rannja, wm.
|
| row (v.) |
(travel by boat) farjan, wv. 1.
|
| rowdiness |
us-stiurei, wf.
|
| rowdy |
(riotous) *us-stiurs (i-stem); (disobedient) un-ga-hwairbs.
|
| rub |
bnauan, sv. VII.? (as originally), or wv. III. (like bauan & trauan); (wipe) swairban, sv. III.; "rub out" af-swairban, sv. III.; (smear) bi-smeitan, ga-smeitan, sv. I. (dat. of pers. smeared, acc. of body part smeared & substance), BUT: "he smeared mud in his eyes" gasmait ana imma thata fani.
|
| rubbish |
(excrement, rubbish) smarnos, sf.pl.; (reject, abortion) us-waurpa, sf.
|
| rude language |
aglaiti-waurdei, wf.
|
| rude speech |
aglaiti-waurdei, wf.
|
| rude |
aglait(i)-
|
| rudeness |
aglaiti, sn.
|
| rue (v.) |
idreigon, wv. 2.
|
| rueful |
*idreigs.
|
| ruefulness |
(remorse, repentance) idreiga, sf.
|
| Rugian |
(a Rugian man) #Rugjis, sm.
|
| ruin (n.) |
(annihilation, doom) qisteins, sf.; (tearing down, demolition, destruction in general) ga-taurths, sf.; (wastage, spoiling) *fra-qisteins, sf.; (dispersal, scattering, shredding, diaspora) dis-taheins, sf.; (end of existence) dis-wiss, sf.; (dissolution, end, melting away) ga-malteins, sf. (corrupting, degeneration) fra-wardeins, sf.; (corrosion, disintegration, transience, rot) riurei, wf.
|
| ruin (v.) |
(spoil) fra-wardjan, riurjan, wv. 1.; (demolish, destroy) ga-tairan, wv. 4.; (destroy) qistjan, fra-qistjan, us-qistjan, wv. 1. +dat. or +acc.
|
| rule (n.) |
(reign, power, empire) reiki, sn.; "by the rules" witodeigo.
|
| rule (v.) |
fraujinon +dat., ga-fraujinon +dat., raginon +dat., reikinon, wv. 2. +dat., waldan +dat., ga-waldan, sv. VII. +dat., faura-standan, sv. V.; thiudanon, wv. 2. - "over" ufar +dat.
|
| ruler |
reiks, fraujinonds, m., faura-mathleis, faur-stasseis, sm.; (GOVERNOR) kindins, sm.; (COUNCELLOR, GOVERNOR) ragineis, sm.; (KING) thiudans, (EMPEROR) kaisar, sm.; (LORD, MASTER) frauja; (MASTER) *waldands, (in compounds: MASTER) -faths, sm. (i-stem, gen. -fadis); synagoga-faths, sm. (i-stem, gen. fadis).
|
| rumour |
(rumour, fame) meritha, sf.
|
| run (n.) |
(course, flow, issue of fluid) runs, sm. (i-stem, gen. runsis).
|
| run (v.) |
rinnan, sv. III., thragjan, wv. 1.; "run up to" du-rinnan, du-at-rinnan, sv. III.; "run on ahead" bi-thragjan faur, wv. 1.; "run together" ga-rinnan, sv. III.; "run away" af-thliuhan, sv. II.; "run about" bi-rinnan, sv. III.
|
| rune |
(rune, secret, mystery) runa, sf.; (runic character, rune-stave) *runa-stafs, sm. (i-stem, gen. *runa-stabis).
|
| runnel |
(stream) rinno, wf.
|
| running (n.) |
(course, rush, flow, issue of fluid) runs, sm. (i-stem, gen. runsis).
|
| rush (n.) |
(reed) raus, sn. (gen. rausis); (sudden move, course, flow, issue of fluid) runs, sm. (i-stem, gen. runsis).
|
| rush (v.) |
sniwan, sv. V., sniumjan, ga-sniumjan, wv. 1., •hrapon, wv. 2.; "but God's wrath will rush upon them" aththan snauh ana ins hatis gudis; (run, hasten) rinnan, sv. III.; (rush/hasten towards) du-at-sniwan, sv. V.; "to rush violently" run ga-waurkjan sis - ga-waurhta, ga-waurhts; (rush past, rush on ahead, precede) faur-bi-sniwan, sv. V.; "rush on ahead of, precede" bi-sniwan faur, sv. V. +acc.
|
| rust |
nidwa, sf.
|
| rustle (n.) |
*swogs, sm. (i-stem).
|
| rustle (v.) |
*swogan, *hruskan, wv. 3.
|
| rye |
•rugs, sm. (i-stem) (cf. #Hulma-rugjos & Finn. ruis).
|
| sabbath |
sabbato (indeclinable); sabbatus (pl. fluctuates between i- & u- declensions).
|
| sabbath-eve |
fruma sabbato (indeclinable).
|
| sackcloth |
sakkus, sm.
|
| sacred |
airkns, weihs, hailags.
|
| sacrifice (n.) |
hunsl, tibr, sn., ala-brunsts, sf, sauths, sm. (i-stem, gen. saudis).
|
| sacrifice (v.) |
hunsljan, saljan, wv. 1.
|
| sad |
(sad, sullen) gaurs; (woeful, wretched, sad, pathetic) wainahs; (unhappy, discontented) un-wunands; "to be(come) sad" ga-hnipnan, wv. 4.; (mourn) gaunon, wv. 2.; (weep) gretan, sv. VII.; (weep and mourn) hiufan, sv. II., qainon, wv. 2.; (sorrow) saurgan, wv. 3.; (be upset/agitated) ga-drobnan, wv. 4.; (become upset) in-drobnan, wv, IV.
|
| sadden |
(sadden, grieve) *trigan, sv. V.
|
| sadness |
gauritha, saurga, sf., gaunothus, sm., gaurei, wf.; (pain, grief) sair, sn.; (sadness, regret) trigo, wf.
|
| safe (adj.) |
(secure) *thwasts; (safe, sound, healthy) hails.
|
| safe (n.) |
(strong-box) arka, sf.
|
| safekeeping |
*ga-freideins, sf.; (take into safekeeping, keep safe) *ga-freisjan, wv. 1.
|
| safely |
(securely) arniba.
|
| safety |
thwastitha, sf.
|
| sagacious |
froths (gen. frodis), snutrs, weis; (wise, clever) handugs; (wise, sober) in-ahs.
|
| sagacity |
frodei, snutrei, handugei, wf.; (reason, discresion) ga-frathjei, wf.
|
| sail (v.) |
(travel by boat) farjan, wv. 1.
|
| sake |
"for the sake of" (on behalf of) fram +dat.; (on account of) bi +dat., in +gen., du lewa +gen. - "for the sake of the flesh" du lewa leikis; "pray for the sake of" bidjan bi, sv. V. +acc.; "I beg you, for God's sake" biswara thuk bi guda.
|
| salary |
(pay, reward) laun, sn.; (worker's pay) *asno, wf.; (soldier's pay) anno, wf.
|
| saliva |
spaiskuldr, sn.
|
| salt (n.) |
salt, sn.
|
| salt (v.) |
(add salt to) saltan, sv. VII.
|
| salted |
*saltans.
|
| salutation |
goleins, sf.
|
| salute |
(greet) goljan, wv. 1.; (reverence, worship, greet) in-weitan, sv. I. +acc.
|
| salute |
(greeting, salutation) goleins, sf.
|
| salvation |
(saving, healing) ga-nists, naseins, sf.; (redemption) faur-bauhts, us-luneins, sf.
|
| salve (n.) |
(ointment) salbons, sf., balsan, sn.
|
| same |
sama (pr. & w.adj.); "the same" thata samo; "one and the same" ain jah thata samo; "the same (things) tho samona; (identical) ibna-leiks, sama-leiks; "in the same way" ana-leiko, ga-leiko, sama-leiko; "the same size" sama-lauths (gen. -laudis); "of the same mind" aina-munds, sama-frathjis, sama-saiwals; "at the same time" bijands; "and at the same time" bijandz-uth-than.
|
| sample (v.) |
(test, taste, prove) kausjan, wv. 1. (+gen. = "taste", +acc. = "test, etc.").
|
| sanctify |
weihan, ga-weihan, wv. 3.
|
| sanctity |
weihitha, sf.; (holyness, sincerity) airknitha, sf.
|
| sanctuary |
*weih, sn.
|
| sand |
malma, wm.; (sand, grit, gravel) #griut, sn.
|
| sandal |
(sandal, sole of shoe) suljo, wf.
|
| sane |
"to be quite sane" fulla-frathjan, sv. VI.; "be sane/reasonable" waila frathjan, sv. VI.
|
| Sanhedrin |
ga-faurds, sf.
|
| Satan |
Satana, Satanas.
|
| satirise |
(ridicule) bi-hlahjan, sv. VI, bi-laikan, sv. VII., bi-mampjan, •skairnjan, wv. 1.; (heckle) •hakiljan, wv. 1.
|
| satisfaction |
soth, sn.; (sufficiency, contentment) ga-nauha, wm.; (enjoyment) *ga-wizns, sf.
|
| satisfied |
(content, full) saths (gen. sadis); (happy) ga-wizneigs.
|
| satisfy |
(satisfy, fill) ga-sothjan, wv. 1. (gen. or dat. of thing that satisfies +acc. of person satisfied); (meet requirements) ga-nohjan, wv. 1.; (serve well, please) fulla-fahjan, wv. 1.; (suffice) ga-nauhan, pp. - ga-nah, ga-nauhum, ga-nauhta.
|
| Saturday |
•sambatodags; "sabbath" sabbato dags (indeclinable); sabbatus dags (pl. fluctuates between i- & u- declensions).
|
| save (prep.) |
(except) alja; (without) inu/inuh +acc.; (except, over/beyond) ufar +acc.
|
| save (v.) |
(save) nasjan, wv. 1.; (save, heal) ga-nasjan, wv. 1.; (save, protect, preserve, shelter) bairgan, sv. III. +dat.; "both are saved, both survive" bajothum bairgada (impersonal passive, cf. ON e-m er borgit); "be saved, be healed, attain salvation" ga-nisan, sv. V.
|
| saviour |
nasjands, m.
|
| savour (n.) |
dauns, sf.
|
| savour (v.) |
(taste) at-snarpjan, wv. 1.; (taste, test) kausjan, wv. 1. (+gen. = "taste", +acc. = "test, etc.").
|
| say (v.) |
qithan, sv. V.; "to" +dat., or du +dat.; "they say there is no resurrection" qithand usstass ni wisan; "say grace, offer thanks" awiliudon, wv. 2.; "say, for instance, namely" raihtis; "as I said before" swe ju faura-qath.
|
| saying (n.) |
(proverb, fable) ga-juko, wf.; (something said) *qiss, sf.
|
| scab (n.) |
(scabbiness, scurf) •hrufs, sm.
|
| scabbard |
fodr, sn.
|
| scabies |
(itch, mange) •rappa, sf.
|
| scald |
•brojan, wv. 1.
|
| scarcely |
*halis; "scarcely ever" halis-aiw.
|
| scare |
thlahsjan, ogjan, us-agjan; (scare off) af-agjan, wv. 1.; (scare out of one's wits) us-gaisjan, wv. 1.
|
| scared |
faurhts, *agands, *us-agiths; "to be scared" ga-thlahsnan, wv. 4.; "to be scared out of one's wits" us-geisnan, wv. 4.
|
| scary |
ogjands, agjands, thlahsjands, us-gaisjands; (fierce, fearsome) *in-grimjis; (unholy, unfriendly, sinister, demonic) *un-hulths.
|
| scatter |
(disperse, shred, scatter) dis-tahjan, wv. 1.; (scatter like chaff, "scatter to the four winds") dis-winthjan, wv. 1.; (strew) straujan +dat., ga-straujan (*dat.), uf-straujan, wv. 1. +dat.; (scatter over, sprinkle, strew) ufar-trusnjan, wv. 1. (dat. of thing thrown).
|
| scheming (n.) |
bi-runains, sf.
|
| schism |
missa-qiss, sf.; "schisms, factions, heresy" hairaiseis, sf.pl.
|
| schismatic (n.) |
missa-qissa, wm.
|
| scoff at |
bi-mampjan, wv. 1.
|
| scold (v.) |
ana-haitan, sv. VII +dat., ga-sakan, sv. VI. +dat. or +acc.; (rebuke, argue with) sakan; (threaten, accuse) hwotjan, ga-hwotjan, wv. 1.; (reproach, blame) id-weitjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (blame, reproach, threaten, accuse) and-beitan, sv. I. +acc.
|
| scoop out |
us-graban, sv. VI.
|
| scorch |
(INTR.) (get scorched) uf-brinnan, sv. III.
|
| score (v.) |
(incise) *wreitan, sv. I.
|
| scorn |
(mock) bi-hlahjan, sv. VI, bi-laikan, sv. VII., bi-mampjan, wv. 1.; (insult) lauan, sv. VII. +dat., ga-naitjan, wv. 1.; (scorn, despise, reject) fra-kunnan, pp. - fra-kann, fra-kunnum, fra-kuntha +dat., or: at +dat.; (rebuff) uf-brikan, sv. IV. +dat.; "spit at, despise, reject" and-speiwan, sv. I.
|
| scorpion |
skaurpjo, wf.
|
| scourge |
bliggwan, us-bliggwan, sv. III.
|
| scout (n.) |
•skulka, wm.; (scout, spy) •spaiha, wm.
|
| scout out |
(visit, inspect, spy out) bi-niuhsjan, wv. 1.
|
| scrap (n.) |
(excrement, rubbish) smarnos, sf.pl.; "scrap of cloth, rag" fana, sm., •fata, sf., •laska, sf., plats, sm.; (fight) dispute, fight, prize-fight) jiuka, sf.
|
| scrape |
"scrape out" us-graban, sv. VI.; "scrape together, heap/hoard up" rikan, sv. V.
|
| scrapping (n.) |
(strife, fighting, violence) haifsts, sf.; (struggle, strife) brakja, sf., sakjo, waihjo, wf.
|
| scratch (v.) |
•kratton, wv. 2., •razzjan, wv. 1., •raspon, wv. 2.; (incise, score, write) *wreitan, sv. I.
|
| scream (n.) |
(shout) drunjus, sm.; (blare, screech, trumpet blast) *thuts, sm. (i-stem); (screaming, shouting, outcry) hrops, sm.
|
| scream (v.) |
(shout, scream, cry out) hropjan, uf-hropjan, wopjan, at-wopjan, uf-wopjan, wv. 1., auhjon, wv. 2.; (blare, screech, make trumpet noise) *thiutan, sv. II.; (screech, shriek) •kreitan, sv. I.
|
| screaming (n.) |
(clamour, outcry) hrops, sm.
|
| screech (v.) |
kreitan, sv. I.; (screech like owl, blare like trumpet) thiutan, sv. II.
|
| scribe |
bokareis, sm.
|
| scripture(s) |
mela, ga-meleins, sf., thata gamelido, wn., bokos (pl. of boka, sf., 'letter of alphabet'), mela, (pl. of 'mel', sn.)
|
| scrunch |
(handle, scrunch up) at-snarpjan, wv. 1.
|
| scruple |
"have worries/scruples" and-sitan, sv. V.
|
| sculptor |
(molder of clay) digands, sm.
|
| sculpture |
(molded figure, clay model) ga-digis, sn.
|
| scurf |
•hrufs, sm.
|
| scythe |
(sickle) giltha, sf.
|
| Scythian |
Skythus, sm.
|
| sea |
marei, wf., mari-saiws, sm. (i-stem); "on/along the seashore" faur marein, withra marein ana statha.
|
| seal (n.) |
(for stamping) sigljo, wn.
|
| seal (v.) |
(seal, seal shut) sigljan, faur-sigljan, wv. 1.
|
| search (n.) |
sokns, sf.
|
| sear (v.) |
(burn, brand) ga-tandjan, wv. 1.
|
| search (v.) |
(seek, look for, try to) sokjan, ga-sokjan, wv. 1.
|
| searcher |
*sokja, wm.
|
| seaside |
(shore, bank, landing place) staths (gen. stathis); "on the seashore" faur marein, withra marein ana statha.
|
| season (n.) |
(Modern sense: period of the year) athn, sn.; (Biblical sense: a particular time, the right time/season) mel, sn.
|
| season (v.) |
supon, ga-supon, wv. 1.
|
| seasonably |
(on time, opportunely, at the right time) uhteiho.
|
| seat |
(seat, perch, nest) sitls, sm.; (chair, throne) stols, sm.
|
| second |
anthar.
|
| secrecy |
ana-laugnei, wf.
|
| secret (adj.) |
(hidden) ana-laugns (i-stem), fulgins; (secret, occult) •darneis; (stealthy) *thiubjis; "make secret, conceal" •darnjan, wv. 1.
|
| secret (n.) |
fulhsni, sn.; (mystery) runa, sf.
|
| secretive |
*thiubeis.
|
| secretively |
thiubjo.
|
| secretly |
(in secret) ana-laugniba, in fulhsnja; (stealthily) thiubjo.
|
| sectarianism |
(discord, factionalism) twis-stass, sf.
|
| section |
(part) dails, sf.; (fragment) ga-bruka, sf.; (section of land, area) gawi, sn., fera, sf.
|
| sector |
(region) gawi, sn., fera, sf.; (part, share, fragment) dails, sf.; (share) hlauts, sm.
|
| secure (adj.) |
(well guarded) *arns (i-stem); (safe, firm) *thwasts.
|
| secure (v.) |
(make firm, safe & secure) thwastjan, wv. 1.; (stabilise, fortify, fix) tulgjan, wv. 1.; (get hold of, keep, seize) ga-haban, wv. 3.
|
| securely |
arniba.
|
| security |
(safety, firmness) thwastitha, sf.; (bond, warrenty, credit contract) kautsjo, wf.
|
| seduce |
(incite, entice, persuade) ga-hwatjan, wv. 1.; (lead astray) uf-airzjan, wv. 1.
|
| seducer |
airzjands, m.
|
| seduction |
*us-wandeins, sf.
|
| see |
(see, look at, observe, regard) saihwan, ga-saihwan, sv. III.; "saw clearly" sahw bairhtaba; "to see naked, etc." saihwan naqadana +acc.; (look right at) in-saihwan; "seeing Peter warming himself, she looked straight at him and said" gasaihwandei Paitru warmjandan sik, insaihwandei du imma qath; (look at, look around at) bi-saihwan, sv. V.; (look at, heed) at-saihwan; (see through, look in [mirror]) thairh-saihwan, sv.V.; (perceive) gaumjan, wv. 1. +dat., ga-saihwan, sv. V.; (look up; start to see after being blind) us-saihwan, sv. V.; "see!, behold!" sai!; "seeing as, given that..." thande.
|
| seed |
fraiw, sn. (collective sg.) - "sow seed" fraiwa saian (=dat., cf. ON); (figurative) *seths, sf. (gen. sedais) in compound mana-seths 'mankind, people'.
|
| seek |
sokjan, wv. 1.; (ask, seek, enquire, find out, learn by enquiry) ga-fraihnan, sv. V. (gen. of thing, acc. of person asked).
|
| seem |
thugkjan wv. 1. (thuhta, thuhts) - "it seems to me" thugkeith mis.
|
| seeming (n.) |
(semblance, conscience) thuhtus, sm.
|
| seemingly |
"superficially, by external appearances" bi siunai.
|
| seethe |
(boil, seethe, bubble over with enthusiasm) wulan, sv. IV.; (seethe with passion, burn up inside) in-tundnan, wv. 4.
|
| seize |
(PHYSICALLY) fahan, ga-fahan, sv. VII, greipan, fair-greipan, sv. I.; (imprison) fra-hinthan, us-hinthan, sv. III.; (take, have, hold) haban, ga-haban wv. 3.; (trap, net, catch out) ga-niutan, sv. II.; (seize, plunder) wilwan, sv. III.; (EMOTIONALLY) dis-sitan, sv. V., dis-haban, wv. 3.; "they were seized by a great fear" agisa mikilamma habaida wesun; (FEVER, DEMONIC POSSESSION, etc.) ana-haban, wv. 3.
|
| select |
(choose) ga-waljan, wv. 1.; (pick out, test, prove) us-kiusan, sv. II. +acc.
|
| selection |
(election, chosing) ga-walweins, sf.
|
| self |
silba, wm., silbo, wf./wn.; "I myself" ik silba/silbo; (yourself) thu silba; "yourself, of your own accord" af thus silbin; (THE SELF, soul, inner being, individual life, earthly existence) saiwala, sf.; "look out only for oneself, act selfishly" sein ain sokjan, wv. 1.; "seek glory for one's self" hauhitha seina sokjan, wv. 1.
|
| self-confidence |
(basis, substance, self-confidence) stoma, sm.
|
| self-control |
*ga-hobains, sf.; (calm, dignity, equanimity, self-possession) ana-wiljei, wf.; "having self-control, calm/dignified" ana-wiljis; "lack of self-control" un-ga-hobains, sf.; "lacking self-control" un-ga-habands sik, wv. 3.
|
| selfish |
seina-gairns.
|
| selfishly |
"act selfishly, be only interested in oneself, seek gain only for oneself" sein ain sokjan, wv. 1.
|
| sell |
kaupon, wv. 2.; fra-bugjan, wv. 1 (+acc. of commodity) - fra-bauhta, fra-bauhts; "for" in (+acc. of amount); "because it would be possible to sell it for more than three hundred pennies" maht wesi auk frabugjan in manazizo thau thija hunda skatte.
|
| semblance |
(likeness) ga-leiki, sn.; (thought, seeming, conscience) thuhtus, sm.
|
| send |
sandjan, sv. I.; "send forth/out/off" in-sandjan, us-sandjan, wv. 1.; "send/drive away" us-dreiban, sv. I. +dat. or +acc.
|
| senior |
*siniza; "senior servant" •sini-skalks, sm.; "most senior, eldest, an elder" sinista.
|
| sense (n.) |
(good sense, reasonableness) ga-frathjei, wf.; (sobriety, self-possession) in-ahei, wf.; (good sense, understanding) *witi, sn.; (wisdom) frodei, snutrei, handugei, wf.; "have some sense, be reasonable" waila frathjan, sv. VI.; "sense of hearing" hliuma, wm.; "sense of sight" siuns, sf.; "sense of smell, a smell" dauns, sf.
|
| sense (v.) |
(perceive) gaumjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (understand) frathjan, sv. VI. +dat.; (BECOME AWARE OF, know) uf-kunnan, irreg. (present as wv. 3., pret. almost always strong: uf-kuntha, but one example each of weak pret. and past part.: uf-kunnaida, uf-kunnaidai).
|
| sensible |
(reasonable) *ga-frathjis; (thoughtful, consciencious) anda-thahts; (alert, mindful, sober) in-ahs; (alert, sober) un-skaus; "be sensible/reasonable" waila frathjan, sv. VI.
|
| sentinel |
(guard) wardja, wm.
|
| separate |
(TRANS., INTR., separate, divide, depart) skaidan, sv. VII. +dat. or +acc. - "let no man separate it" manna thamma ni skaidai; "let not the wife separate from her husband" qenai fairra abin ni skaidan; "to split/divide a man from/against his father" skaidan mannan withra attan; (depart) skaidan sik, sv. VII.; (INTR.) "part, separate" ga-skaidnan, wv. 4.; (divorce) af-satjan, wv. 1.; (isolate) ga-ainan, wv. 3.; (INTR.) ga-skaidnan, wv. 4.
|
| separately |
(apart, alone, privately) sundro.
|
| separateness |
us-wissi, sn.
|
| separation |
(distinction, difference) ga-skaideins, sf.; (divorce) af-sateins, af-stass, sf.
|
| separated, to get |
ga-skaidnan, wv. 4.
|
| sepulchre |
(tomb, grave) ?aurahi, sf. (or ?aurahjo, wf.), *nawistr, sn., hlaiw, sn. (sg. only), hlaiwasna, sf. (pl. only).
|
| sequence |
tewa, sf.; "in sequence, in order, connectedly" ga-hahjo; "in their right sequence" in seinai tewai.
|
| series |
tewa, sf.; "in series, in order, connectedly" ga-hahjo; "in their right order" in seinai tewai.
|
| serious |
(important, significant, of worth, mattering) wulthrs; (thoughtful, consciencious) anda-thahts; (sober, alert, mindful, sensible) in-ahs; (rational) *ga-frathjis; (alert, sober) un-skaus; (sad) gaurs; (sacred, respectful of sanctity) weihs; (zealous, earnest, persistent) us-dauths (gen. us-daudis).
|
| seriously |
(zelously, earnestly, with a will) us-daudo; (sensibly) *in-aho, *un-skausaba; (earnestly, sacredly, in a holy/respectful way) weihaba.
|
| seriousness |
(sobriety, self-possession) in-ahei, wf.; (sense, reasonableness) ga-frathjei, wf.; (magnitude, geatness) mikilei, wf.; (sadness) gauritha, sf.
|
| serpent |
waurms, sm.
|
| servant |
skalks, thius, and-bahts, sm., (hireling/hired-servant) asneis, sm.; (male) thiu-magus, sm.; (female) thiwi, *thiwairna, sf.; "fellow servant" ga-skalki, sn.; (collective) "servants" thewis, sn.
|
| serve |
(OF PERSON: act as servant for) skalkinon, wv. 2. +dat.; (serve, serve guests, minister to) and-bahtjan, wv, I. +dat. - "didn't come to be served, but to serve" ni qam at andbahtjam ak andbahtjan (andbahtjam = dat.pl. of andbahti, sn. 'service'); (serve well, please, satisfy) fulla-fahjan, wv. 1.; "SERVE AS SOLDIER" driugan, sv. II., drauhtinon, wv. 2. +dat., militon, wv. 2. (*dat.); (SERVE DRINK to, give to drink) #skagkjan, wv. 1. (?dat. of person, acc. of drink), dragkjan, ga-dragkjan, wv. 1. (acc. of person, dat. of drink); (OF THING: serve a purpose, be useful, be any good) botjan, wv. 1., dugan, pp. - daug, dugum, dauhta; "fighting over words SERVES NO USEFUL PURPOSE" waurdam weihan du ni waihtai daug.
|
| service |
and-bahti, sn.; (servitude, worship) skalkinassus; (worship) blotinassus; "military service/discipline/campaign" drauhti-witoth, sn. (gen. drauhti-witodis).
|
| serviceman |
(soldier) ga-drauhts, sm. (i-stem), militonds, m.
|
| servitude |
skalkinassus, sm., thiwadw, sn.
|
| set (adj.) |
(fixed, appointed, allotted) ga-raiths (gen. ga-raidis).
|
| set (v.) |
satjan, ga-satjan, lagjan, wv. 1.; "set/put down" ga-lagjan, wv. 1.; "set free" lausjan, wv. 1., fra-letan, sv. VII.; "set round something" bi-satjan, wv. 1.; "set up, erect" raisjan, wv. 1.; "set up with stakes" (e.g. a tent) stakjan, wv. 1.; "set up, establish" ga-satjan, wv. 1.; "establish peace on earth" gawairthi lagjan ana airtha; "set fire to" lagjan fon ana, wv. 1. (+dat).
|
| settle |
(set up town, camp) *bi-baurgjan, wv. 1.
|
| settlement |
(of dwellings) bi-baurgeins, sf.
|
| seven |
sibun.
|
| seventy |
sibuntehund.
|
| sever |
(cut off) af-maitan, sv. VII.; (cut off) af-slahan, sv. VI. - "he cut off his right ear" afsloh imma auso thata taihswo; (cut off, kill) af-sneithan, sv. I.; (TRANS., INTR., split, depart) skaidan, sv. VII. +dat. - "let no man sever" manna thamma ni skaidai; (INTR.) "part, separate" ga-skaidnan, wv. 4.
|
| severe |
(extreme) abrs; (strict, sharp) *hwass; (hard) hardus.
|
| severely |
(harshly) harduba, hardaba, (extemely, very) abraba; (strictly, harshly, sharply) hwassaba.
|
| severity |
hwassei, wf.
|
| sew |
siujan, wv. 1.
|
| sewer |
(toilet/sewer, sunrise) ur-runs, sm. (i-stem, gen. ur-runsis).
|
| sex |
(enjoyment of, passion) gairuni, sn.; (intercourse) ga-ligri, sn.; (bed, intercourse) ligrs, sm.; (yearning, lust) winno, wf., winna, sf.; (illicit sex, adultery) horinassus, wm.; (illicit sex, whoring) kalkinassus, sm.; "have sex" *ga-ligan, sv. V.; "have illicit sex, fornicate, commit adultery with" *kalkinon, horinon, ga-horinon, wv. 2. +dat.
|
| shack (n.) |
•bawitha, sf.
|
| shackle |
(bond, fetter) bandi, ga-binda, ga-bundi, kuna-wida, naudi-bandi, sf.; (of iron) eisarna-bandi, sf.; (on feet) fotu-bandi, sf., ana fotum eisarna, eisarna bi fotuns gabugana.
|
| shade (n.) |
(shadow) skadus, sm.; (shelter, arbour, covered walkway, booth/hut) •laubjo, wf.
|
| shade (v.) |
(overshadow) ufar-skadwjan, wv. 1. +dat. or +acc.
|
| shadow (n.) |
skadus, sm.
|
| shadow (v.) |
(cast a shadow) *skadwjan, wv. 1.; (overshadow) ufar-skadwjan, wv. 1. +dat. or +acc.
|
| shaft |
(of spear) #skafts, sm.
|
| shake |
(TRANS.) (move, shake) wagjan, wv. 1.; (shake, stir) ga-wagjan, wv. 1.; (wag, shake) withon, wv. 2. - "shaking their heads" withondans haubida seina; (make tremble/sway) af-swaggwjan, wv. 1.; "shake off" af-hrisjan, wv. 1.; "shake down off" (fruit) ga-wigan, sv. V., us-hrisjan, wv. 1.; (INTR.) wagjan sik, wv. 1. ; (tremble) reiran, wv. 3., •skudon, wv. 2.; "start shaking/trembling" in-reiran, wv. 3.; "SHAKE HANDS" taihswon at-giban, sv. V. "with" +dat.
|
| shaking (n.) |
(trembling) reiro, wf.
|
| shall |
(shall, must, owe, be obliged) skulan, pp. - skal, skulum, skulda; (Future tense) du-ginnan, sv. III., haban, wv. 3., skulan, pp. - skal, skulum, skulda (...but future mostly not distinguished from present); "what I do now, I shall continue to do in the future" hwa tauja, taujan haba; "what should I do?" hwa taujau?
|
| shame (n.) |
aiwiski, sn., skanda, *skama, sf.; (dishonour, disgrace) un-swerei, wf.; "feel shame" skaman sik, wv. 3. "about/for/towards" +gen.; "treat with shame, treat shamefully" aiwiskon, ga-aiwiskon, wv. 2.
|
| shame (v.) |
(humiliate) ga-haunjan, wv. 1.
|
| shameful |
agls, *aiwisks.
|
| shamefully |
"treat shamefully" aiwiskon, ga-aiwiskon, wv. 2.
|
| shape (n.) |
(shape, physical proportions) laudi, sf.; (appearance) hiwi, sn., farw, ?sn.; (likeness) ga-leiki, sn.
|
| shape (v.) |
(form, create) skapjan, ga-skapjan, sv. VI.; (mould) deigan, sv. I.
|
| shard |
skarda, sf.; (fragment) ga-bruka, sf.
|
| share (n.) |
dails, sf., hlauts, sm.
|
| share (v.) |
dailjan, dis-dailjan, fra-dailjan, wv. 1.; (mete out, apportion) ga-mitan, sv. V.
|
| shared (adj.) |
(shared/communal, general/universal, vulgar, profane) ga-mains (i-stem); "common to all" gamains allaize.
|
| sharp |
*hwass; (sharp, steep/sheer) •skarps (cf. MnE scarp < It).
|
| sharpen |
(incite, entice, seduce, persuade) ga-hwatjan, wv. 1.
|
| sharply |
hwassaba.
|
| sharpness |
hwassei, wf.
|
| shatter |
ga-brikan, sv. IV., dis-hniupan, wv. 2.; "get/be/become shattered, smashed, broken apart" dis-hnupnan, wv. 4.
|
| shave |
skaban, sv. VI.; "shave bald" bi-skaban, wv. VI.
|
| she |
si; "she who" sei.
|
| sheaf |
•garba, sf.
|
| shear |
skaban, bi-skaban, sv. VI.
|
| sheath |
fodr, sn.
|
| shed (n.) |
(hut, shack) •bawitha, sf.
|
| shed (v.) |
"shed tears" tagrjan, wv. 1.; "shed light on" ga-liuhtjan, wv. 1.
|
| she-devil |
un-hultho, wf.
|
| sheep |
lamb, sn.; (ewe, female sheep) *aus, sf. (gen. *awais).
|
| sheepfold |
awistr, sn.
|
| shekel |
sikls, sm.
|
| shelf |
(board) •brith, sn. (gen. •bridis).
|
| shell (v.) |
(remove shells) kappon, wv. 2.
|
| shelter (n.) |
•bairgo, wf.; (arbour, shade, covered walkway, booth/hut) •laubjo, wf.
|
| shelter (v.) |
(shelter, cover as with a tent) ufar-hleithrjan, wv. 1.; (help, protect) hleibjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (keep safe) bairgan, sv. III. +dat. "from" faura +dat.; (protect, shield, shelter) •skairmjan, wv. 1. (?dat. as in MHG).
|
| shepherd |
hairdeis, sm.
|
| shew-bread |
faur-lageins, sf.
|
| shield (n.) |
skildus, sm.; (shield, shield-edge) •randa, sf.; (rim, small shield) •targo, wf.; "linden shield" •linda, sf.
|
| shield (v.) |
(protect, help) hleibjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (protect, shield, shelter) •skairmjan, wv. 1. (?dat. as in MHG); (keep safe) bairgan, sv. III. +dat. "from" faura +dat.
|
| shift (v.) |
mith-satjan, wv. 1.
|
| shilling |
skillings, sm.
|
| shine |
skeinan, sv. I., liuhtjan, wv. 1; (shine round/over/on) bi-skeinan, sv. I.; (gleam, glitter) glitmunjan, wv. 1.
|
| shining (adj.) |
liuhadeins, liuhtjands.
|
| shiny |
liuhadeins, liuhtjands.
|
| ship |
skip, sn.; "shipwreck, abandoning ship" us-fartho, wf. - "jump overboard to escape shipwreck" usfarthon gataujan us skipa; "sail, row, voyage, travel by ship" farjan, wv. 1.
|
| shirt |
(jacket, tunic, shirt) paida, sf.
|
| shit (n.) |
(excrement, rubbish) smarnos, sf.pl.; (dung) maihstus, sm.
|
| shit (v.) |
•skeitan, sv. I.
|
| shock (v.) |
us-agjan, us-gaisjan, wv. 1.; "to be shocked" (stunned, astonished, shaken) af-slauthnan, wv. 4., us-geisnan, wv. 4., bi-abrjan, wv. 1.
|
| shod |
ga-skohs.
|
| shoe |
skohs, sm.; "shoe string" skauda-raips, sm.; "pair of shoes" ga-skohi, sn.
|
| shoestring |
skauda-raips, sm.
|
| shoot (n.) |
(of plant) •brutilo, wf.; (tendril) •hragka, sf.
|
| shoot (v.) |
•skiutan, sv. II. (Crim. schieten; Probably +dat. for missile, +acc. for target - cf. wairpan, rignjan & ON skjóta); "shoot upwards, rise quickly, leap up" us-hlaupan, sv. VII.
|
| shore |
(bank, landing-place) staths, sm. (gen. stathis); "on the seashore" faur marein, withra marein ana statha; "shore up" (make firm, strengthen) tulgjan, ga-tulgjan, ga-thwastjan, wv. 1..
|
| short |
"he was a short man" wahstau leitils was; *maurgus; "for a short while" du leitilamma mela, du leitilai hweilai.
|
| shorten |
ga-maurgjan, wv. 1.
|
| shortsword |
(cleaver, machete, long knife, single-edged sword) #sahs, sm. (gen. #sahsis), #skrama, sf.; (sword) hairus, sm.
|
| shortage |
gaidw, wan, sn., waninassus, sm.; (need) tharba, sf.; "I have a shortage of that" wan this ist mis.
|
| shorten |
(curtail, cut short) ga-maurgjan, wv. 1.
|
| should |
skulan, pp. - skal, skulum, skulda.
|
| shoulder |
?ams, sm., ?amsa, wm. (acc.pl. amsans).
|
| shout (n.) |
drunjus, sm.; (outcry, shouting) hrops, sm.
|
| shout (v.) |
hropjan, uf-hropjan, wv. 1., auhjon, wv. 2.
|
| shouting (n.) |
hrops, sm.
|
| shove |
*skiuban, sv. II.; (push, smite) stautan, sv. VII.; (thrust, push, make war) stigqan, sv. III.; (push away/aside) af-skiuban, sv. II.; (push off) af-tiuhan, SV. II.
|
| shovel |
*skauro, wf.
|
| show |
augjan, at-augjan, wv. 1.; "show oneself to" ataugjan sik +dat.; (reveal) bairhtjan, and-huljan, sv. I; (reveal, manifest) ga-swikunthjan, wv. 1.; (tell) ga-teihan, sv. I.; (present) faur-lagjan, at-satjan, wv. 1.; (demonstrate, signify, indicate) us-taiknjan, wv. 1.; (repay, give out, show) us-giban, sv. V.; (show off, ingratiate oneself) samjan sis, wv. 1.
|
| show-bread |
(presentation) faur-lageins, sf.
|
| shower |
(of rain) skura, sf.; (for bathing) ufar-ranneins, sf.
|
| shred (n.) |
(scrap of cloth) fana, sm., •fata, sf., •laska, sf., plats, sm.; (cord, string) *snors, sf., •snobo, wf.
|
| shred (v.) |
(rip to pieces) dis-skreitan, sv. I., dis-tairan, ga-tairan, sv. IV.; (shred, scatter) dis-tahjan, wv. 1.
|
| shriek (n.) |
(blare, screech, trumpet blast) *thuts, sm. (i-stem); (shout) drunjus, sm.
|
| shriek (v.) |
•kreitan, sv. I.; (cry out, shout) wopjan, wv. 1.
|
| shrink (v.) |
(dry/shrivel, INTR.) thairsan, ga-thairsan, *snairpan, sv. III., thaursnan, ga-thaursnan, wv. 4.; "shrink from, avoid" bi-wandjan, wv. 1.
|
| shrivel |
(INTR.) thairsan, ga-thairsan, *snairpan, sv. III., thaursnan, ga-thaursnan, wv. 4.; (get scorched) uf-brinnan, sv. III.; (TRANS.) (wrinkle, scrunch) *snarpjan, wv. 1.; (wrinkle by handling) at-snarpjan, wv. 1.
|
| shun |
(avoid) bi-wandjan, wv. 1.; (disown) af-aikan, sv. VII. +acc.; (leave behind, desert) bi-leithan, sv. I. +dat. or +acc.
|
| shut (v.) |
lukan, sv. II.; "be/get shut" ga-luknan, wv. 4.
|
| shut up (be quiet) |
(intr.) af-dobnan, af-dumbnan, wv. 4., ga-slawan, wv. 3.
|
| sick (adj.) |
siuks; "to be sick/unwell" siukan, sv. II., ubil/ubilaba haban, wv. 3.; (be sick in stomach, suffer indigestion) suqnan, wv. 4.; "to be sick, vomit" •rupatjan, wv. 1.; "be taken sick with fever" brinnon ana-habaida wisan, irreg.
|
| sicken |
(intr.) suqnan, wv. 4.
|
| sickle |
giltha, sf.
|
| sickness |
sauhts, sf., siukei, wf., un-haili, sn.; (weakness, infirmity) un-mahts, sf.; (wound, disease) wundufni, sf.
|
| side |
(side, half) halba, sf.; (side, region) fera, sf. - "on [the/his/her/my. etc.] left side" af hleidumein/taihswon ferai; "standing on the right side of the altar" standands af taihswon hunslastadis; (side/shore of a lake, etc.) staths, sm. (gen. stathis); "on yon side of" hindana +gen.; "from all sides" aljathro.
|
| sigh (n.) |
(sighing) *swogeins, sf.; (sigh, rushing noise as of wind) swogs, sm. (i-stem).
|
| sigh (v.) |
*swogjan, ga-swogjan, wv. 1.; (repeatedly) swogatjan, wv. 1.; (deeply) uf-swogjan, wv. 1.
|
| sight |
(something seen, a vision, the faculty of sight) siuns, sf.; (revelation, vision) bairhteins, sf.; "catch sight of" ga-saihwan, sv. III.
|
| sign (n.) |
bandwa, sf., bandwo, wf.; (wonder) faura-tani, sn., (token, miracle) taikns, sf.
|
| sign (v.) |
(one's name) uf-meljan, wv. 1.; (signal, indicate, give a sign, use sign language) bandwjan, wv. 1. (dat. of person signalled to, acc. of sign).
|
| signal (v.) |
(make a sign to) ga-bandwjan, wv. 1. (dat. of person signalled to, acc. of sign).
|
| significance |
(importance, meaning) wulthrs, sf.
|
| significant |
wulthrs.
|
| signify |
bandwjan, taiknjan, us-taiknjan, wv. 1.
|
| silence (n.) |
thahains, sf.; *slawitha, sf.; (silence, attention) #hliuth, sn. (gen. #hliuthis).
|
| silence (v.) |
(dumbfound) af-slauthjan, wv. 1.; "be silenced/dumbfounded" af-slauthnan, wv. 4.
|
| silent |
(mute) dumbs; (unspeaking) un-rodjands; (deaf and dumb, bland and without taste) bauths (gen. baudis); "to become silent" af-dumbnan, af-dobnan, wv. 4, slawan, ga-slawan, ana-slawan, thahan, ga-thahan, ana-silan, wv. 3.
|
| silver (adj.) |
*silubreins.
|
| silver (n.) |
silubr, sn.
|
| similar |
(like, alike) ga-leiks - "to" +dat.; (akin) sama-kuns (i-stem); "like, similar to" swe; "of similar opinion, in agreement" sama-frathjis, sama-saiwals, ga-qiss.
|
| similarly |
(likewise, in like manner) ga-leiko, ana-leiko, sama-leiko.
|
| simile |
(image, example) fri-sahts, sf.; (parable) ga-juko, wf.
|
| similitude |
ga-leiki, sn.
|
| simple |
ain-falths.
|
| simplicity |
ain-falthei, wf.
|
| simply |
ain-falthaba.
|
| simulacrum |
ga-leiki, sn.
|
| simultaneously |
"at the same time" bijands; "and at the same time" bijandz-uth-than.
|
| sin (n.) |
fra-waurhts, missa-deths, sf. (gen. missa-dedais).
|
| sin (v.) |
fra-waurkjan, wv. 1. - fra-waurhta, fra-waurhts; "I have sinned" frawaurhta mis; "sin against, do wrong to" fra-waurkjan du +dat.
|
| since |
(BECAUSE) du-the, du-the ei; (because, for insofar as) unte raihtis...; (given that, seeing as) thande; "since X how come Y" thande...hwaiwa; (since, for) auk (second in sentence) - e.g. "since they were afraid" wesun auk usagidai; (TIME) fram +dat., af +dat. - "since that day" fram thamma daga; "since the beginning of creation" fram anastodeinai gaskaftais; "since last year" af/fram fairnin jera.
|
| sincere |
(open, honest) un-hindar-weis, un-liuts; (faithful) triggws; (holy, honest) airkns.
|
| sincerely |
"sincerely believe" triggwaba ga-laubjan, wv. 1.
|
| sincerity |
(honesty, holiness, genuineness) airknitha, sf.
|
| sinful |
fra-waurhts.
|
| sing (v.) |
siggwan, sv. III., liuthon, wv. 2.; (lament, sing dirge) gaunon, wv. 2.; (chant, read out loud) us-siggwan, wv. III.; (sing, chant) *galan, sv. VI.
|
| singe |
(singe, etch) •blesjan, wv. 1.; "get singed/scorched" uf-brinnan, sv. III.
|
| singer |
liuthareis, sm.
|
| singing (n.) |
(song, music) saggws, sm. (i-stem); (song, poem) *liuth, sn.
|
| single out |
ga-tarhjan, wv. 1.
|
| single |
ain-falths.
|
| sinister |
(unholy, demonic) *un-hulths.
|
| sink |
(INTR.) sigqan, ga-sigqan, sv. III.; (sink down out of sight) dis-sigqan, sv. III.; (TRANS.) uf-sagqjan, wv. 1.
|
| sinner |
fra-waurhts, un-sibjis, sm., fra-waurhto, wf.
|
| sister |
swistar, f.
|
| sit |
(sit, be sitting) sitan, wv. V.; (sit up) us-sitan, wv. V.; (sit down) ga-sitan, sv. V.; (sit down to eat) ana-kumbjan, wv. 1. ; (sit down together to eat) mith-ana-kumbjan, wv. 1.; (sit about/near/beside) bi-sitan, sv. V.
|
| six |
saihs.
|
| sixth |
saihsta.
|
| sixty |
saihs tigjus.
|
| size |
(growth, size) wahstus, sm.; "he was small in size, he was a short man" wahstau leitils was; (hugeness, majesty) mikilei, wf.; "the same size" sama-lauths (gen. -laudis).
|
| skewed |
(slanting) *halths; (crooked) wraiqs; (corrupt, biased, given to favouritism) *wilja-halths.
|
| skill |
(cleverness, wisdom) handugei, wf.
|
| skillful |
#sarus; (clever, wise) handugs.
|
| skin (n.) |
fill, sn.
|
| skin, wine |
balgs, sm. (i-stem).
|
| skip (v.) |
(hop, skip, jump) •trippon, wv. 1.; (avoid) bi-wandjan, wv. 1.
|
| skull |
hwairnei, wf.
|
| sky |
himins, sm.
|
| Skythian |
Skythus, sm.
|
| slab |
hallus, sm.
|
| slain (n.) |
(the slain, the dead on the battlefield) #wals, sm.
|
| slam (v.) |
(bump, slam) stigqan, bi-stigqan, sv. III. - "against" bi +dat.; (hit/stub) ga-stagqjan, wv. 1. - "so you won't hit your foot on a single stone" ei hwan ni gastagqjais bi staina fotu theinana.
|
| slander (n.) |
bi-hait, sn.; *ubil-waurdei, wf., ana-qiss, sf.
|
| slander (v.) |
ubil-waurdjan, waja-merjan, wv. 1.
|
| slanderer |
diabula, sf.
|
| slap (n.) |
slahs lofin, sm. (i-stem.) (Lit.: "a hit with the palm").
|
| slap (v.) |
kaupatjan, wv. 1. - kaupasta, kaupatiths; (slap in face, bruise/buffet, chastise) wlizjan, wv. 1.
|
| slash (n.) |
(a rip/tear in something) ga-taura, wm.
|
| slash (v.) |
(tear, rip, rend) tahjan, wv. 1., *tairan, wv. 4.; (slit) •slitjan, wv. 1.; (tear up/apart, slash to pieces) dis-skreitan, sv. I, dis-tairan, ga-tairan, sv. IV.; (be/get torn/slashed) dis-skritnan, ga-taurnan, wv. 4.
|
| slaughter (v.) |
af-slahan, sv. VI, af-sneithan, uf-sneithan, sv. I.
|
| slaughter (n.) |
slauhts, sf.; (battle, the slain) #wals, sm.
|
| slavery |
thiwadw, sn.
|
| slay |
dauthjan, af-dauthjan, ga-dauthjan, wv. 1.; (kill, destroy) us-qiman, sv. IV +dat. or +acc., us-qistjan, wv. 1 +dat. or +acc.; (slaughter) af-slahan, sv. VI, af-sneithan, uf-sneithan, sv. I.
|
| sleep (n.) |
sleps, sm.
|
| sleep (v.) |
slepan, sv. VII. - saislep/saizlep, slepans; (fall asleep) ga-slepan, ana-slepan, sv. VII.; ('sleep' with, have sex) *ga-ligan, sv. V.
|
| sleeplessness |
wokains, sf.
|
| slice (n.) |
•liska, wm.
|
| slice (v.) |
sneithan, sv. I.
|
| slight (adj.) |
smals, leitils.
|
| slight (v.) |
(offend) ga-sleithjan, wv. 1.; (provoke) gramjan, in-gramjan, wv. 1.
|
| slightest |
minnists.
|
| slime |
(mud) fani, sn.
|
| slink |
sliupan, sv. II.; "slink away, sneak by" uf-sliupan, sv. II.
|
| slip out of |
(take off item of clothing) af-slaupjan, wv. 1. +acc.
|
| slip |
(sneak) sliupan, sv. II.; (slip) •slipjan, wv. 1.
|
| slit (v.) |
•slitjan, wv. 1.; (tear) tahjan, wv. 1., *tairan, wv. 4.
|
| slope (n.) |
(steep slope, cliff) driuso, wf; (downward slope) ib-daljo, wn. (or ?ib-dalja, wm.).
|
| slope (v.) |
(incline) *halthjan, wv. 1.; (fall) driusan, sv. II.
|
| sloping |
(Also fig.: inclined) *halths.
|
| slothful |
lats.
|
| slow |
(slow, tardy) *sainus; (slow on the uptake, stupid) dwals.
|
| sludge |
fani, sn., •mulma, ? (malma 'sand' is wm.).
|
| sluggish |
(lazy) lats.
|
| slur |
(reproach) idweit, sn.; "to take away the slur I have among people" afniman idweit mein in mannam.
|
| slyness |
(caution, slyness) warei, wf.; (slyness, deceit) hindar-weisei, wf.
|
| small |
leitils, smals; "he was a small/short man" wahstau leitils was.
|
| smaller |
(smaller, lesser) minniza.
|
| smallest |
minnists.
|
| smash |
ga-brikan, sv. IV., dis-hniupan, wv. 2.; "be/get smashed/shattered, broken apart" dis-hnupnan, wv. 4.
|
| smear (v.) |
*smeitan, bi-smeitan, ga-smeitan, sv. I. (dat. of pers. smeared, acc. of body part smeared & substance); "he smeared me in the eyes" bismait mis augona; "he smeared the mud in his eyes" gasmait imma ana augona thata fani.
|
| smell (n.) |
dauns, sf.
|
| smell (v.) |
(INTR. smell bad/rotten, stink) fuls wisan, irreg.
|
| smite |
slahan, sv. VI.; (smite, push) stautan, sv. VII.; (beat) bliggwan, sv. III.; (slap) kaupatjan, wv. 1. - kaupasta, kaupatiths; (hit in the face, bruise, punish) wlizjan, wv. 1.
|
| smith |
smitha, wm.
|
| smoke (n.) |
!rauks, sm. (i-stem).
|
| smooth |
slaihts; (flat) ibns.
|
| smuts |
(flying ash) falwiska, sf.
|
| snag (n.) |
(obstacle) marzeins, sf.; (hindrance, cause of contention) ga-marzeins, sf.; (stumbling-block) bi-stugq, sn.
|
| snake |
waurms, sm.; (adder, viper) nadrs, sm.
|
| snare |
wruggo, wf.
|
| snatch |
•rapon, •taskon, wv. 2.; (seize, catch, grab) fahan, ga-fahan, sv. VII, greipan, fair-greipan, und-greipan, sv. I.; (make off with) bi-niman, sv. IV.; (steal) hlifan, sv. V., stilan, sv. IV.; (plunder, rob) wilwan, sv. III.; (carry off, snatch away) fra-wilwan, sv. III.
|
| sneak |
sliupan, sv. II.; "sneak in" inn-uf-sliupan, sv. II.; "sneak by/away" uf-sliupan, sv. II.
|
| snipe (n.) |
(type of bird) •snippa, sf.
|
| sniping |
(gossip, talk, 'backbiting') bi-rodeins, sf.
|
| snort (n.) |
•blests, sm.
|
| snort (v.) |
•blestjan, wv. 1.
|
| snow |
snaiws, sm.
|
| so |
(LIKE THAT, thus, in such a way) swa; "TO DO SO" swa taujan, wv. 1.; "why are you so afraid?" duhwe faurhtai sijuth swa?; (AND SO, CONSEQUENTLY) nu, nu-nu, than (second position in clause, when used with this meaning); (so then) Than-nu, Than-nu nu, Than-nu than, Nu-nu nu, Swa-ei nu (start of clause); (JUST AS...SO TOO) swa-swe...swa jah, swa-swe...swah; "AS...SO TOO" swe...swa jah; "it will happen JUST SO [IN THIS WAY] on that day" bi thamma wairthith thamma daga; "SO THAT" ei, swa-ei, swa-swe, swe; "SO THAT THEN [IN THAT CASE]" ei-thau; "SO GREAT" swa-lauths (gen. swa-laudis); "SO LONG AS" swa-lauth melis swe; "AND SO ON, ET CETERA" jah laibos; "BUT IF SO, THEN..." aiththau waila thau...; "SO...?" an nuh...?; "SO WHO...?" an hwas...?; "SO WHAT...?" an hwa...?, hwa auk...?, hwa nuh...? - "so what do you know?" hwa nuk-kant thu?; (IN NARRATIVE) "AND SO/THEN" than-uh, thar-uh; "AND SO/THEN HE SAID" ith is qath, ith is qathuh, thanuh/tharuh is qath; "AS YE SOW SO TOO SHALL YE REAP" that-ei saijith that-uh jah sneithith.
|
| soak (v.) |
•suppon, wv. 2.
|
| soar (v.) |
hwilban, sv. III.
|
| sober (adj.) |
in-ahs; (rational) *ga-frathjis; (alert) un-skaus.
|
| sober up |
(bring round) us-skaujan, wv. 1.; (come round) us-skaujan sik, wv. 1.
|
| soberness |
(self-possession) in-ahei, wf.; (sense, reasonablness) ga-frathjei, wf.
|
| sobriety |
(command of one's senses) in-ahei, wf.; (sense, rationality) ga-frathjei, wf.
|
| sodden |
*qramms.
|
| soft |
hnasqus, thlaqus, *muks; •leiseis; (gentle, agreeable) •lintheis.
|
| soften |
(alleviate) •linthjan, wv. 1.
|
| sogginess |
qrammitha, sf.
|
| soggy |
*qramms.
|
| soil |
mulda, sf.
|
| soldier |
(serviceman) ga-drauhts, sm. (i-stem), militonds, m.; (footsoldier) #fanthja, wm.; (young) #St(i)uriliggs; (swordsman) spadiggs, sm.; "serve as soldier" driugan, sv. II., drauhtinon, militon, wv. 2.
|
| soldiers |
(band of) *drauhts, sf.; (army) harjis, sm.
|
| sole (adj.) |
(only) ains, ainaha, w.adj.
|
| sole (n.) |
(sandal, sole of shoe) suljo, wf.
|
| solid |
(firm, solid, good) *theihts; (firm, secure, safe) *thwasts.
|
| some |
(some, someone, a certain person) sums; "some...others" sumai(h)...sumaih, sumai raihtis...sumai than; "somehow, by some/any means" hwe, hweh; "so that somehow" ei hweh +subj.; "lest [perhaps/somehow]" ibai aufto; "lest at any/some time" ibai hwan.
|
| somebody |
sums, ains; "someone...someone" ains...ains, sums...sums.
|
| someone |
sums, ains; "someone...someone" ains...ains, sums...sums.
|
| something |
sum, ain, hwa.
|
| sometime (adv.) |
hwan; "if sometime..." jabai hwan.
|
| somewhat |
hwa; "seem somewhat..." thugkjan hwa... (thuhta, thuhts).
|
| son |
sunus, sm.; (child, boy) barn, sn., barnilo, wn., baur, sm. (i-stem); "son-in-law" megs, sm. (=Gk. gambros 'son/father-in law', cf. ON mágr 'son/father/brother-in-law', OE maeg 'kinsman, son' also in poetry 'kinswoman').
|
| song |
(singing, music) saggws, sm. (i-stem); (song, poem) *liuth, sn.
|
| soon |
(early) air; (quickly) sprauto; (soon, at once) suns; (to be almost here, be near at hand) in-wisan, irreg.; "as soon as" suns-ei, bi-the.
|
| sooner |
(earlier, sooner) airis.
|
| soothe |
(alleviate) •linthjan, wv. 1.; (refresh, cheer, comfort) ana-thrafstjan, wv. 1.
|
| sorceress |
halja-runa, sf.
|
| sorceror |
(one knowledgeable about potions) lubja-leis, sm.
|
| sorcery |
(with potions) lubja-leisei, wf.
|
| sore (n.) |
(wound, plague) wundufni, sn.; (open wound, blow) banja, sf.
|
| sorrow (n.) |
gauritha, saurga, sf., gaurei, wf.; (grief, anger) •grama, wm.
|
| sorrow (v.) |
ga-hnipnan, wv. 4.; (sorrow, worry) saurgan, wv. 3.
|
| sorrowful |
(sad, sullen) gaurs.
|
| sorry |
"be sorry, repent" idreigon sik, wv. 1.; "I'm sorry" idreigo mik; "be sorrowful/unhappy" ga-hnipnan, wv. 4.; "worry, be sad/concerned" saurgan, wv. 3.
|
| sort (n.) |
(kin, type) kuni, sn. - "this sort [of demon] can't come out at all except with prayer and fasting" thata kuni in waihtai ni mag usgaggan niba in bidai jah fastubni; "what sort of" hwi-leiks; "she wondered to herself what sort of greeting this could be" thahta sis hwileika wesi so goleins; "sort of/kinda" hwa; "in all sorts of distress" in allom aglom.
|
| sort (v.) |
(arrange into order, appoint/assign) ga-tewjan, wv. 1.; (prepare, make suitable) ga-fahrjan, wv. 1.; (determine, order, fix, appoint) raidjan, wv. 1.; (sort out, rectify) at-ga-raihtjan, wv. 1.; (fix, mend) aftra ga-botjan, wv. 1., aftra ga-satjan, wv. 1.
|
| soul |
(soul as oppised to body, one's physical life, emotional heart) saiwala, sf.; (spirit) ahma, wm., #anda, ?wm./?sf.; (heart) hairto, wn.; (basis, essence, self-confidence) stoma, sm.
|
| sound (healthy) |
hails; (strong, sound) swinths.
|
| sound (n.) |
(noise, noise, din, tumult) auhjodus, sm.; (rustling, rushing noise like air) *swogs, sm. (i-stem); (crash) *hlamms, sm. (i-stem); (voice) stibna, sf.; (shout) drunjus, sm.; "trumpet noise" *thuts, sm. (i-stem); "to make a noise/din/tumult" auhjon, wv. 2.; "make a clanging/clashing noise like cymbals" klismjan, wv. 1.; "crash, roar, resound" *hlimman, sv. III.
|
| sound (v.) |
hillan, sv. III.?
|
| soup |
•bruth, sn.
|
| souq |
(market) mathl, sn., ga-runs, sf. (gen. ga-runsais).
|
| sour |
(terrible, bitter, sour) •aifrs; (bitter) baitrs; (sharp, severe) *hwass.
|
| source |
brunna, wm.
|
| south |
(n.) #sunthr, sn., #sunthra-halba, sf.; (adj.) #sunthrs, #sunthra-; (adv.) "towards the south" #sunth, #sunthath; "in the south" #suntha, #sunthar; "from the south" #sunthathro, #sunthana.
|
| southern |
#sunthrs, #sunthra-.
|
| southward |
(adv.) #sunth, #sunthath.
|
| sovereign (n.) |
(king) thiudans, reiks, sm.; (emperor) kaisar, sm.; (ruler) fraujinonds, m.; (governor) kindins, sm.; (lord, master) frauja; (master) *waldands, m.
|
| sow (n.) |
(female pig) •sus, f. (cons.stem.).
|
| sow (v.) |
(sow seed) saian, sv. VII. - saiso, saians +dat. for seed (as in ON, but cf. "you shall reep what you sow" thatei saijith thatuh jah sneithith); (sow in) in-saian, sv. VII.
|
| sower |
(of seed) saiands, m.
|
| space |
(room, space) rums, sm.; "in the space of" bi +acc.; "in three days I will build another" bi thrins dagans anthara gatimrja.
|
| spacious |
ur-rumnans.
|
| spare (v.) |
freidjan, wv. 1.
|
| sparingly |
us ga-thagkja.
|
| spark (n.) |
(sparkle, gleam) *glitmuni, sf.; (of electricity/lightning, of fire) lauhmuni, sf.; (flash, blink) brahw, sn.
|
| spark (v.) |
(like lightning) lauhatjan, wv. 1.; (sparkle, shine) glitmunjan, wv. 1.; (flash, blink) braihwan, sv. III.
|
| sparkle |
glitmunjan, wv. 1.
|
| sparrow |
sparwa, wm.
|
| sparrow-hawk |
•sparwareis, sm.
|
| speak |
rodjan, wv. 1. - "to" du +dat., "with" mith +dat., "about" bi +acc.; "speak/gossip about" bi-rodjan bi, wv. 1. +acc.; (in public) mathljan, wv. 1.; (bring out, speak) us-bairan, sv. IV.; "speak a language" razdai rodjan, wv. 1.; "speak/act as if mad" dwalmon, wv. 2.; "babble, speak too much" filu-waurdjan, wv. 1.; "speak foolishly" *dwala-waurdjan, wv. 1.; "speak empty nonsense" *lausa-waurdjan, wv. 1.
|
| spear |
•spiuts, #gais, sm. (#gaizis); (ash spear) #asks, sm.; (shaft) #skafts, sm.; "spearhead, spear-tip" #gaida, sf., #uzds, sm.
|
| specific |
*us-sinds; "on a specific occasion, once" ainamma sintha.
|
| specifically |
this-hun; (namely, actually, thus) raihtis.
|
| spectacle |
fair-weitl, sn.
|
| speech |
(language) razda, sf.; (talk, conversation) ga-waurdi, sn.; (something said) *qiss, sf.; (excessive) filu-waurdei, wf.; (foolish) dwala-waurdei, wf.; (empty, pointless) lausa-waurdei, wf.; (crude, obscene) aglaiti-waurdei, wf.; (puplic) mathlei, wf., mathleins, sf.; "suffering from a speech impediment" stamms.
|
| speechless |
un-rodjands, dumbs.
|
| speed (v.) |
sniwan, sv. V., sniumjan, ga-sniumjan, wv. 1.; (run, hasten) rinnan, sv.
|
| speedily |
(quickly) sniumundo; (soon) sprauto.
|
| speedy |
*sniumeis, •snills, •adrs; (quick, ready) #arws.
|
| spelk |
gramst, ?sn.
|
| spell |
"to put a spell on" af-hugjan, wv. 1.
|
| spend |
fra-qiman, sv. IV. +dat. or +acc., fra-wisan, sv. V.
|
| spew |
(retch, vomit) •rupatjan, wv. 1.
|
| spice (v.) |
supon, ga-supon, wv. 2.
|
| spices |
(for perfume) aromata, sn.pl.
|
| spike (n.) |
•stikils, sm.; (sting, goad) gazds, sm.; (point of spear) #gaida, sf., #uzds, sm.; (tip) *peika, sf.
|
| spilt, to be |
us-gutnan, wv. 4.
|
| spin |
spinnan, sv. III.; (toss, swirl) us-walugjan, wv. 1.
|
| spindle |
•rukka, sf.; "spindle whorl" (r)rango, wf.
|
| spirit |
ahma, wm., #anda, wm.?/sf.?; (soul, life, physical existence) saiwala, sf.; (awareness, consciousness) aha, wm.; (emotional mind, soul, heart) hairto, wn.; (courage) balthei, wf.; (basis, essence, foundation, self-confidence) stoma, wm.; "evil spirit" un-hultho, wf., un-hultha, wm., skohsl, sn., diab(a)ulus, sm.; "the Holy Spirit" ahma sa weiha, ahma weiha, weiha ahma, wm.; "rejoice in spirit" swegnjan ahmin, wv. 1.
|
| spiritual |
ahmeins.
|
| spit (n.) |
(saliva) spaiskuldr, sn.; (for roasting) •spitus, m.
|
| spit (v.) |
speiwan, sv. I.; "spit on" bi-speiwan, sv. I.; "spit at, despise, reject" and-speiwan, sv. I.; "to spit in his face" speiwan ana wlit is.
|
| spite |
(hate, envy, anger) neith, sn. (gen. neithis); (nastiness, deceit) •bausei, wf.; "IN SPITE OF this, nevertheless" aththan swe-thauh; "for all this" ana tho alla.
|
| spittle |
spaiskuldr, sn.
|
| spleen |
•milti, sf.
|
| splendid |
wulthags.
|
| splendour |
wulthus, sm., •ga-laubei, wf.
|
| splinter (n.) |
gramst, ?sn.
|
| splinter (v.) |
(INTR.) (become broken) *bruknan, wv. 4.; (become smashed to bits) dis-hnupnan, wv. 4.; (be scattered/dispersed) *dis-tahnan, wv. 4.
|
| split (n.) |
(distinction, difference) ga-skaideins, sf.; (separation, divorce) af-sateins, af-stass, sf.; "split in opinion, discord" twis-stass, missa-qiss, sf.
|
| split (v.) |
(separate, part, depart, leave) skaidan, sv. VII. +dat. or +acc.; "split up with, leave" fairra skaidan +dat.; "to split son from father, set them at odds" skaidan mannan withra attan is; (share, share out) dailjan, ga-dailjan, wv. 1.; (break) brikan, ga-brikan, sv. IV.; (tear apart) dis-skreitan, sv. I., dis-tairan, ga-tairan, sv. IV.; (scatter, shred, disperse) dis-tahjan; (scatter like chaff, "scatter to the four winds") dis-winthjan, wv. 1.; (break asunder) dis-hniupan, sv. II.; (become broken) *bruknan, wv. 4.; (become broken off) us-bruknan, wv. 4.
|
| spoil (n.) |
(booty) •rauba, sf.; (reward) laun, sn.
|
| spoil (v.) |
(TRANS.) fra-wardjan, wv. 1.; riurjan, wv. 1.; (INTR.) fra-wairthan, sv. III.
|
| spokesman |
#sagja, wm.
|
| sponge |
(sponge, fungus) swamms, sm.
|
| spooky |
(sinister, demonic, unholy) *un-hulths.
|
| spool (n.) |
•spola, sf.
|
| spoon |
•lapins, sm.
|
| spot |
(blemish, stain) wamm, sn.; (mole on skin) *mail, sn.; (place) staths, sm. (i-stem, gen. stadis); "in that place" ana thamma stada.
|
| spotless |
un-wamms.
|
| spotlessness |
un-wammei, wf.
|
| spouse |
(wife) qens, sf.; (husband) aba, wm.
|
| spread |
(TRANS.) *braidjan, wv. 1.; (strew) straujan +dat., ga-straujan (*dat.), uf-straujan, wv. 1. +dat.; (scatter, sprinkle) ufar-trusnjan, wv. 1. (dat. for substance being sprinkled); (scatter, disperse) dis-tahjan, wv. 1.; "spread the word" merjan, us-merjan, wv. 1., thata waurd us-qithan, sv. V.; (INTR.) (grow, increase) wahsjan, sv. VI.; (abound, multiply) managnan, wv. 4.; (be expanded) ur-rumnan, wv. 4.
|
| sprig |
tains, sm.
|
| spring (n.) |
brunna, wm., •kaldiggs, sm.
|
| spring up |
us-hlaupan, sv. VII.; (rise) ur-rinnan, sv. III.; (sprout up) liudan, sv. II., keinan, us-keinan, sv. I. - keinoda, kijans; (appear) at-augjan sik, wv. 1.
|
| sprinkle |
ufar-trusnjan, wv. 1. (dat. of thing being thrown).
|
| sprinkling (n.) |
(for ritual bathing) ufar-ranneins, sf.
|
| sprout (v.) |
liudan, sv. II., keinan, us-keinan, sv. I. - keinoda, kijans; (quickly sprout, spurt) *spriutan, sv. II.
|
| spur |
•spaura, wm.
|
| spurn |
(despise, reject) fra-kunnan, pp. - fra-kann, fra-kunnum, fra-kuntha (dat. or: at +dat.); (rebuff) uf-brikan, sv. IV. +dat.; "spit at, despise, reject" and-speiwan, sv. I.
|
| spurned |
(despised, rejected) *fra-kunths; (unloved) un-liufs (gen. un-liubis).
|
| spurt (v.) |
(quickly sprout, spurt) *spriutan, sv. II.
|
| spy (v.) |
•spaihon, wv. 2.; (spy/scout out, inspect, reconnoitre) bi-niuhsjan, wv. 1.
|
| spy |
(spy, scout) spaiha, wm.; (ambusher, agent provocateur) ferja, wm.
|
| squabble (n.) |
jiuka, sf., •bega, sf.
|
| squabble (v.) |
(dispute, rebuke, accuse, squabble, argue) sakan, and-sakan, sv. VI.; (dispute, compete) and-rinnan, sv. III.; (fight) haiftjan, wv. 1.; (break, fight, quarrel) brikan, sv. IV.
|
| squall |
skura, skura windis, sf.; (at sea) wegs, sm.
|
| squash |
(crowd) threihan, wv. 1.; (cram) •kramjan, wv. 1.; (press) •thrukjan, wv. 1.; "squash/crush spirits, grind down mentally" us-grudjan, wv. 1.
|
| stab (v.) |
(stab, prick, puncture) *stikan, sv. V.
|
| stability |
(firmness, steadfastness) tulgitha, sf.; (security, safety, firmness) thwastitha, sf.
|
| stable (adj.) |
*thwasts.
|
| stable (n.) |
(stall) •stalls, sm., •stalla, wm.
|
| stadium |
spaurds, f.
|
| staff |
(STICK) (branch, tree) triu, sn.; (rod, stick, cane) wandus, sm.; (walking-stick) walus, sm., hrugga, wf.; (wand, magic staff) #gands, sm.; (WORKERS) (servants, thralls) thewis, sn.
|
| stain (n.) |
wamm, sn.
|
| stain (v.) |
ana-wammjan, wv. 1.; (sully, befoul) bi-sauljan, wv. 1.; (become stained/sullied) bi-saulnan, wv. 4.
|
| stained |
wamms, ga-wamms, bi-sauliths.
|
| staircase |
•stiga, sf.
|
| stairs |
•stiga, sf.
|
| stalk (n.) |
•stiggils, sm., •butilo, wf.
|
| stall |
•stalls, sm., •stalla, wm.
|
| stallion |
•stallja, wm.
|
| stammering (adj.) |
stamms.
|
| stamp (n.) |
(seal) sigljo, wf.
|
| stamp (v.) |
stampon, wv. 2.
|
| stand (v.) |
(be stood) standan, sv. VI.; (stand up) us-standan, sv. VI.; (come to a standstill, stand fast/firm, abide, remain in place or condition) ga-standan, sv. VI.; "stand near" at-standan, sv. VI.; "stand away/off from" af-standan, sv. VI.; (cope with) fra-bairan, sv. IV.; "stand by, stand beside in support" mith-wisan, sv. V. +dat.
|
| stand(ing) off |
af-stass, sf.
|
| star |
stairno, wf.
|
| stare (v.) |
(gaze, gaze around, look attentively, watch) fair-weitjan, wv. 1. "at" du, or +gen. - "up to, as far as" in +acc.; "watch up to the end of" fairweitjan und andi +gen.
|
| start (n.) |
frums, sm., frumisti, sn., ana-stodeins, sf.; "from the start" fram frumistin, fram frumistja; "from the first" us frumistja; "at the start, at first, firstly" frumist.
|
| start (v.) |
ana-stodjan, du-stodjan, wv. 1, du-ginnan, sv. III.; "to start with" frumist; "you shall sorrow/start to sorrow" jus saurgandans wairthith.
|
| startle |
us-agjan, us-gaisjan, wv. 1.; "to be startled" (stunned, astonished, shaken) af-slauthnan, wv. 4., us-geisnan, wv. 4., bi-abrjan, wv. 1.; (to be amazed) silda-leikjan, wv. 1.
|
| starve |
gredon, wv. 2., huggrjan, wv. 1. (impersonal verbs +acc. subject) - "I am hungry/starved" gredoth mik, huggreith mik.
|
| starving |
"empty-bellied" laus-qithrs; "hungry" gredags.
|
| state (n.) |
(authority, nation, powers-that-be) reiki, sn.
|
| state (v.) |
(say) qithan, sv. V.; (claim, argue) in-sakan, sv. VI.
|
| statement |
(anything said) *qiss, sf.; (quote, passage, thing said) thata qithano, wn.; (argument, claim) in-sahts, sf.; "pronouncements, things said in public" mathleins, sf., mathlei, wf.
|
| station (n.) |
(step, degree, station in life) griths, sf. (gen. gridais).
|
| statue |
(molded figure, clay model) ga-digis, sn. (-s-? -z-? - no oblique forms survive).
|
| stature |
(PHYSICAL STATURE, growth) us-wahsts, sf.; (size, growth) wahstus, sm.; "he was small in stature, he was a short man" wahstau leitils was; (REPUTE, fame) *merei, wf.; (fame, boast) hwoftuli; (report, rumour, fame) meritha, sf.; "good repute" waila-merei, wf.
|
| stave (n.) |
(stick, club, sword) •stukks, sm.; (stick) •stika, wm., •stagga, sf.; (tree, branch, staff) triu, sn.; (rod, stick, cane) wandus, sm.; (staff, walking-stick) walus, sm., hrugga, wf.; (stake, post, tentpeg) *staka, wm.; (wand, magic staff) #gands, sm.; (LETTER, rune) stafs, (i-stem, gen. stabis).
|
| stave off |
(prevent, forbid) warjan, wv. 1.; (escape) untha-thliuhan, sv. II.; (avoid) bi-wandjan, wv. 1.
|
| stay |
(stay behind, be left) af-lifnan, wv. 4, bi-leiban, sv. I.; (carry on being, dwell, abide, continue to be/exist) wisan, sv. V. - "he stays faithful" jains triggws wisith; (end up staying) ga-wisan, sv. V. - "he stayed dumb" gawas dumbs; "continue, persist" thairh-wisan, fram-wairthis wisan, sv. V.; (halt, come to standstill, stay standing still/firm, remain in place or condition) ga-standan, sv. VI.; "to stay awake" thairh-wakan, sv. VI.; "stay with" mith-ga-wisan, sv. V.; (stay beside, stick by, be with in support of) mith-wisan, sv. V. +dat.; (live/dwell) bauan, wv. 3.; (stay as guest; offer as sacrifice) saljan, wv. 1.; "come to stay, take lodgings" us-saljan, wv. 1.
|
| steadfast |
tulgus.
|
| steadfastness |
(tolerance, endurance) us-thulains, sf.
|
| steadiness |
(firmness, steadfastness) tulgitha, sf.
|
| steal |
hlifan, sv. V., stilan, sv. IV.; (take, purloin) bi-niman, sv. IV.
|
| stealing (n.) |
(theft) thiubi, sn.
|
| stealth |
(secrecy) ana-laugnei, wf.
|
| stealthy |
*thiubeis.
|
| stealthily |
thiubjo.
|
| steed |
#marhs, sm.
|
| steer (calf) |
stiur, sm.
|
| stem (n.) |
(stalk) •stiggils, sm.; (shoot) •brutilo, wf.
|
| stem (v.) |
(stop a flow, dam up) faur-dammjan, wv. 1.; (impede) latjan, ga-latjan, ana-latjan, wv. 1.; (forbid, block, prevent) warjan, wv. 1.
|
| step (n.) |
griths, sf. (gen. gridais); (track, foot-print, step, path) laists, sm. (i-stem); "steps, staircase" •stiga, sf.
|
| step (v.) |
(tread) trudan, sv. IV., *trimpan, sv. III.; "step/tread on" ana-trimpan, sv. III.
|
| steppe |
#aujos, sf.pl. (Jordanes: oium 'the Scythian steppe').
|
| sterile |
(lacking fruit) akrana-laus; (unable to have children) un-bairands; (deserted, waste, sterile) auths (?i-stem, gen. authis); (of ground) •galtheis; "sterile/infertile woman" stairo, wf.
|
| stern (of ship) |
nota, wm.
|
| steward |
faura-gagga, faura-gaggja, wm.
|
| stick (n.) |
•stika, wm., •stagga, sf.; (twig) tains, sm.; (tree, branch, staff) triu, sn.; (rod, stick, cane) wandus, sm.; (staff, walking-stick) walus, sm., hrugga, wf.; (stake, post, tentpeg) *staka, wm.; (wand, magic staff) #gands, sm.; (stick, club, sword) •stukks, sm.; "candle-stick" lukarna-statha, wm.
|
| stick (v.) |
(be sticking to, e.g. dirt to shoe) ga-haftnan, wv. IV.; (fig.) haftjan, wv. 1. ("to" = dat.); "sticking to what is good" haftjandans godamma; "sticking/persisting at prayer" bidai haftjandans; "stick/stay/be with" mith-wisan, sv. V. +dat.; "stick/join together" ga-ga-haftjan - "the whole body fits and joins together" all leik gagatiloth jah gagahaftith.
|
| stiff |
(hard) hardus; (strong) swinths; (steadfast) tulgus; (deaf, numb, insensitive, stubborn) daufs (gen. daubis); "go stiff" ga-staurknan, wv. 4.
|
| stiffen |
(INTR.) ga-staurknan, wv. 4.
|
| stifle |
af-hwapjan, wv. 1.
|
| stigma |
(shame) skanda, sf., aiwiski, sn.; (mark of puncture wound) staks, sm. (i-stem).
|
| stigmatise |
(humiliate) ga-haunjan, wv. 1.; (shame) skaman, wv. 3., aiwiskon, ga-aiwiskon, wv. 2.; (revile, insult) lauan, sv. VII. +dat., ga-naitjan, wv. 1.; (curse) fra-qithan, sv. V.; (victimise, slander) holon, wv. 2.
|
| still (adv.) |
(yet) nauh; (still, yet) nauh-thanuh; (further) thana-mais; (longer in time) thana-seiths - "no longer" ni thana-seiths, ju-than ni; "why do you still...?" hwa thana-seiths...?; "come to standstill, continue standing still/firm, abide, remain in place or condition" ga-standan, sv. VI.
|
| still (silent) |
(to be(come) silent) af-dobnan, wv. 4, af-dumbnan, wv. 4, slawan, ga-slawan, ana-slawan, wv. 3, ga-thahan, wv. 3, ana-silan, wv. 3.
|
| stillness |
(peace) ga-wairthi, sn.; (tranquility, rest) rimis, sn. (gen. rimisis); (calm, calming down) ana-qal, sn.; (respite, rest, relaxation) ga-hweilains, sf.
|
| sting (n.) |
•stuggs, sm. (i-stem); (spike, sting, goad) gazds, sm.
|
| sting (v.) |
•stuggjan, wv. 1.
|
| stink (v.) |
fuls wisan, irreg.
|
| stir |
(PHYSICALLY: shake, stir) ga-wagjan, wv. 1.; (FIG.) (stir up, excite) us-wagjan, wv. 1.; "stir up anxiety/discord" drobjan, wv. 1.; (emotionally/inwardly move) in-wagjan, wv. 1.; "be stirred" in-wagjan sik, wv. 1., in-rauhtjan, wv. 1.; (provoke to anger) gramjan, in-gramjan, wv. 1.
|
| stock (n.) |
(race, nation) knoths, sf. (gen. knodais); (family line) fadreins, sf.; (STICK) wandus, sm., walus, sm., hrugga, wf.
|
| stockpile (v.) |
huhjan, wv. 1.
|
| stomach |
wamba, sf., suqn, sn., •buks, sm., •mauko, wf.
|
| stone (adj.) |
(made of stone) staineins.
|
| stone (n.) |
stains, sm.; (boulder) hallus, sm.
|
| stone (v.) |
stainjan, wv. 1. +acc.; (throw stones at) stainam wairpan ana, sv. III. +acc.
|
| stony |
(stony ground, stony path) stainahs; (stony, stone/made of stone) staineins.
|
| stool |
(stool, plank, foot-stool) •bridila, sf.; "stools/excrement" smarnos, sf.pl.
|
| stoop down |
ana-hneiwan, sv. I.
|
| stop (v.) |
(INTR.) (cease) sweiban, sv. I.; (end, finish, be done) andjan, ga-andjan, wv. 1.; (pause, cease) hweilan, ga-hweilan, wv. 3.; (come to standstill, continue standing still/firm, abide, remain in place/condition) ga-standan, sv. VI.; "stop oneself, hold back, avoid, refrain" ga-haban sik, wv. 3. - "from" af +dat.; (TRANS.) (bring to a stop) •stadjan, wv. 1.; (hamper, delay, hold up) latjan, ga-latjan, ana-latjan, wv. 1.; "stop one from" latjan, wv. 1. (dat. + inf.); (forbid, block, restrain, prevent) warjan, wv. 1.; (stop a flow, dam up) faur-dammjan, wv. 1.
|
| stopper |
(tap, bung) •tappa, wm.; (bung) •dups, ?sm.
|
| store up |
huzdjan, huhjan, wv. 1.
|
| storm (n.) |
•staurms, sm.; (shower, storm) skura, sf.; (squall) skura windis (lit. shower of wind); (storm at sea) wegs, sm.
|
| storm (v.) |
(attack, seize, take by force, grip emotionally) dis-sitan, sv. V.; (rage, bluster) •staurmjan, wv. 1.
|
| story |
spill, sn.
|
| stout |
(fat) *digrs; (strong) swinths; (steadfast) tulgus.
|
| stoutness |
(fatness) digrei, wf.; (strength) swinthei, wf.
|
| straight |
(right, straight & true) raihts; "to set straight, put in order" ga-raihtjan, wv. 1.; "STRAIGHT AWAY" suns, suns-aiw; (suddenly) anaks.
|
| strain |
(reach out, strive) sik uf-thanjan, wv. 1.; (strive, make effort) us-daudjan, wv. 1.; (strive after, work to achieve) bi-arbaidjan, wv. 1.; (persevere) us-aiwjan, wv. 1.; (try, seek) sokjan, wv. 1.
|
| strange |
(weird, marvelous) silda-leiks - "it isn't so strange, it's hardly surprising" nist silda-leik; (foreign, alien) alja-kuns (i-stem); (foreign, unfamiliar, of other people) framaths (i-stem, gen. framathis).
|
| stranger |
(or guest) gasts, sm. (i-stem).
|
| strap (n.) |
raips, ?sm. (Or raip, sn.)
|
| straw |
*strau, sn.
|
| stream |
rinno, wf., flodus, sf.; •baks, sm. (i-stem), ahwa, sf.
|
| street |
gatwo, wf., *platja, ga-runs, sf. (gen. ga-runsais), faura-dauri, sn.
|
| strength |
swinthei, wf.
|
| strengthen |
in-swinthjan, ga-swinthjan, wv. 1.; (stengthen, make firm) tulgjan, ga-tulgjan, ga-thwastjan, wv. 1.
|
| stress (n.) |
threihsl, sn., aggwitha, aglitha, sf., aglo, wf.
|
| stress (v.) |
(wear out, get on nerves) us-agljan, af-dojan, wv. 1.
|
| stretch |
(TRANS.) uf-thanjan; (proffer, stretch out) rahton, wv. 2., us-braidjan, wv. 1., uf-rakjan, wv. 1. - "stretch out a hand" ufrakjan handu; (stretch something out on, lay something down on) us-lagjan, wv. 1.; (INTR.) (stretch oneself, reach out, strive) uf-thanjan sik, wv. 1.; (reach, extend) fair-rinnan, sv. III.; "be extended, enlarged" ur-rumnan, wv. 4.
|
| strew |
straujan +dat., ga-straujan (*dat.), uf-straujan, wv. 1. +dat.
|
| strict |
(harsh, severe) *hwass; (narrow) aggwus.
|
| strictly charge |
ga-hwotjan, wv. 1.
|
| strictly |
(harshly, severely) hwassaba; "strictly speaking, namely, actually, as a matter of fact, indeed" raihtis.
|
| strictness |
hwassei, wf.
|
| strife |
brakja, haifsts, sf., sakjo, waihjo, wf.
|
| strike (n.) |
(a blow, stroke, hit) slahs, sm. (i-stem).
|
| strike (v.) |
slahan, sv. VI.; (smite, push) stautan, sv. VII.; (beat) bliggwan, sv. III.; (slap) kaupatjan, wv. 1. - kaupasta, kaupatiths; (strike in the face, punish) wlizjan, wv. 1.; (beat, strike) •biutan, sv. II.; (knock, touch) •tukkon, wv. 2.; "strike down, push over, cause to fall" af-drausjan, ga-drausjan, wv. 1.; (thrust, strike) sigqan, sv. III.; "attack" stigqan withra +acc.; (bump, slam) bi-stigqan, sv. III. - "against" bi +dat.; (hit/stub) ga-stagqjan, wv. 1. - "so you won't hit your foot on a single stone" ei hwan ni gastagqjais bi staina fotu theinana.
|
| string |
*snors, sf.; •snobo, wf.; (cord, line, band) •rigilo, wf.; (strap) raips, sm.; "shoe string/strap" skauda-raips, sm.
|
| strip (v.) |
(VARIOUS: unclothe, skin, scrape off, plunder) •straupjan; (UNDRESS) and-wasjan, wv. 1; (DISPOIL/ROB) bi-raubon, wv. 2. (acc. of victim; thing stolen not attested but ?gen. as in OHG), wilwan, sv. III.
|
| stripe |
(hit, plague) slahs, sm. (i-stem).
|
| strive |
(STRUGGLE, MAKE EFFORT) us-daudjan, wv. 1.; (STRIVE AFTER, WORK TO ACHIEVE) bi-arbaidjan, wv. 1.; (PERSEVERE) us-aiwjan, wv. 1.; (TRY, SEEK) sokjan, wv. 1.; (REACH OUT, strive) sik uf-thanjan, wv. 1.; (FIGHT, struggle) weihan, sv. I.; (fight) haifstjan, wv. 1.; (DISPUTE with people) and-sakan, sv. VI.; (dispute, compete) and-rinnan, sv. III.
|
| stroke (n.) |
(a blow, hit) slahs, sm. (i-stem); (pen-stroke) writs, striks, sm. (i-stem).
|
| stroke (v.) |
(rub) bnauan, sv. VII.; (rub, make pen-stroke) *streikan, sv. I.
|
| stroll |
hwarbon, wv. 2.
|
| strong |
(strong, sound, healthy) swinths; (strong) #starks, #mals, #ramms; (great, extreme) abrs; "to make strong" in-swinthjan, wv. 1.; "to be/make oneself strong" in-swinthjan sik, wv. 1.
|
| strong-box |
arka, sf.
|
| stronger |
swinthoza.
|
| strongly |
(very, extremely) abraba
|
| struggle (v.) |
(strive, make effort) us-daudjan, wv. 1.; (struggle to achieve) bi-arbaidjan, wv. 1.; "to struggle/suffer/endure together" mith-arbaidjan, wv. 1.; "struggle to the finish, persevere" us-aiwjan, wv. 1.; (reach out, strive) uf-thanjan sik, wv. 1.; "struggle through" thairh-arbaidjan, wv. 1.; (fight) weihan, sv. I., haifstjan, wv. 1.; (dispute with people) and-sakan, sv. VI.; (dispute, compete) and-rinnan, sv. III.
|
| strum |
(thrum, strum, drum) •thrimman, sv. III.
|
| stub (v.) |
ga-stagqjan, wv. 1. - "so you won't stub your foot on a single stone" ei hwan ni gastagqjais bi staina fotu theinana.
|
| stubborn |
(deaf, numb, insensitive, stubborn) daufs (gen. daubis).
|
| stubbornness |
(stubbornness against listening, deafness to idea/entreaties) daubitha, sf., daubei, wf.
|
| student |
(disciple) siponeis, sm.; "to be a disciple/student" siponjan, wv. 1.
|
| stumbling block |
bi-stugq, sn.
|
| stun |
(shock, amaze) us-gaisjan; "to be stunned/amazed" bi-abrjan, wv. 1., af-slauthnan, us-geisnan, wv. 4. - "at" ana +dat.
|
| stunned |
(amazed) us-films; "to be amazed" (amazed, shaken) af-slauthnan, wv. 4., us-geisnan, wv. 4., bi-abrjan, wv. 1.
|
| stupid |
dwals, un-wits; "stupid talk" dwala-waurdei, wf.
|
| stupid, to be |
dwalmon, wf. II.
|
| stupidity |
dwalitha, sf., un-frodei, wf.; (ignorance) un-witi, sn.
|
| sturdiness |
(strength) swinthei, wf.; (firmness, steadfastness) tulgitha, sf.; (security, safety, firmness) thwastitha, sf.
|
| sturdy |
tulgus.
|
| stuttering (adj.) |
stamms.
|
| style |
(manner, way of doing) haidus, sm., •weisa, sf.; (custom, practice, normal way of doing) sidus, sm., bi-uhti, sn.; "style of behaviour" us-met, sn.; (shape, physical proportions) laudi, sf.; (appearance) hiwi, sn., farw, ?sn.; (likeness) ga-leiki, sn.
|
| subdue |
(tame) ga-tamjan, wv. 1.; (subjugate) uf-hnaiwjan, wv. 1.; (calm) *ana-qaljan, wv. 1.; (calm, assage) •linthjan, wv. 1.
|
| subject |
"be subject to, obey" uf-hausjan, wv. 1. +dat.
|
| subjugate |
uf-hnaiwjan, wv. 1.; "he subjugated them all under himself" ufhnaiwida uf ina tho alla; "he subjugated/set [them] under his feet" ufhnaiwida uf fotuns imma.
|
| submerge |
uf-sagqjan, wv. 1.
|
| submission |
ga-kunds, ga-kunths, sf.
|
| submit |
ga-kunnan sik, pp. - ga-kann, ga-kunnum, ga-kuntha; "to" faura +dat.; (heed, obey) uf-hausjan, wv. 1. +dat.
|
| subordination |
ga-kunds, ga-kunths, sf.
|
| subsequent |
iftuma, w.adj.; "subsequent to" afar +acc.
|
| subsequently |
afar that-ei.
|
| subversion (n.) |
(overthrow) us-walteins, sf.
|
| succeed |
(thrive) theihan, sv. I.; (achieve) •laiston, wv. 2.; (reach, attain, arrive at) ga-tilon, wv. 2.; (succeed in a fight, triumph) ga-jiukan, wv. 3.; (finish, perform, perfect, lead/drive up/out) us-tiuhan, sv. II.
|
| success |
(victory) sigis, sn.; (deed, result) taui, sn.
|
| successful |
(victorious) hrotheigs.
|
| such |
swa-leiks; (as/so great) swa-lauths (gen. swa-laudis); "such suffering as never was since the beginning of creation" aglo swaleika swe ni was swaleika fram anastodeinai gaskaftais.
|
| suck up to |
samjan, wv. 1.
|
| suckle |
daddjan, wv. 1.
|
| suddenly |
anaks; (quickly, suddenly) sprauto; (immediately) suns.
|
| Sueves/Suebi |
•Swebos, pl.
|
| suffer |
(physically or mentally) winnan, ga-winnan, sv. III.; "I suffer for you" winna faur izwis; (suffer, endure, bear) ga-beidan, sv. I., thulan, ga-thulan, us-thulan, wv. 3.; "to suffer fools gladly" azetaba usthulan thans unwitans; (toil) arbaidjan, wv. 1.; "suffer/endure/struggle together" mith-arbaidjan, wv. 1.; (suffer want/lack of, abstain from) ga-tharban, wv. 3. +gen.; "suffer from lust, burn up inside with passion" in-tundnan, wv. IV.; "suffer pangs of childbirth" fitan, sv. V.; "suffering from a speech impediment" stamms.
|
| suffering |
wunns, sf.; (patience, endurance, agony) thulains, sf.; (anguish, distress) aggwitha, aglitha, sf., aglo, wf.
|
| suffice |
ga-nohjan, wv. 1.; ga-nauhan, pp. - ga-nah, ga-nauhum, ga-nauhta.
|
| sufficiency |
ga-nauha, wm.
|
| sufficient |
ga-nohs, bi-nauhts; "be sufficient, suffice" ga-nohjan, wv. 1.; ga-nauhan, pp. - ga-nah, ga-nauhum, ga-nauhta; "be sufficient in, abound in" ga-nohnan, wv. 4.
|
| suffocate |
(trans.) af-hwapjan, wv. 1.; (intr.) af-hwapnan, wv. 4.
|
| suggest |
(argue) in-sakan, sv. VI.; "they made no fresh suggestions to me" ana-in-sokun mis ni waiht.
|
| suicide |
"commit suicide" sis silbin us-qiman, sv. IV.
|
| suit |
(be suitable for) ga-timan, sv. IV. +dat.
|
| suitable |
fargrs, tils, ga-tils, ga-dofs (i-stem, gen. ga-dobis).
|
| suitability |
wairthida, sf.
|
| suitably |
ga-temiba, ga-tilaba.
|
| sullen |
(sullen, sad) gaurs.
|
| sully |
bi-sauljan, wv. 1.; (sully oneself, become sullied) bi-saulnan, wv. 4.
|
| sulphur |
swibls, sm.
|
| summer |
asans, sf.
|
| summerhouse |
(bower/arbour, hut, booth, shade, covered walkway) •laubjo, wf. (cf. MnE lobby, NHG Laube, It loggia, Late L laubia/lobium).
|
| summit |
(hilltop) auhumisto, wn.; (tip) *peika, sf.; (mountain) fairguni, sf., *bairgs, sm.; "the highest height" hauhisti, sn.; (gable, or pinnacle of building) gibla, wm.
|
| summon |
at-wopjan, wv. 1.; (call together) ga-haitan, sv. VII, ga-lathon, wv. 2.
|
| summons |
(invitation) lathons, sf.
|
| sump |
(pool, pond) swumfsl, swumsl, sn.; (marsh, lake) saiws, sm. (i-stem); (mire, muck) *sauljo, wf.
|
| sun |
sauil, sn., sunno, wf. & wn.
|
| Sunday |
afar-sabbatus dags (gen. this dagis afar-sabbate), •fraujins-dags, sm. (cf. South NHG dialect 'Frontag'), fruma sabbato, indec. (But note that the latter is also, and probably more correctly, used of the day BEFORE the Sabbath).
|
| sunrise |
(sunrise, the east, outflow/toilet/sewer) ur-runs, sm. (i-stem, gen. ur-runsis); (dawn) uwhto, wf.; (morning) maurgins, sm.; "at sunrise" at urrinnandin sunnin.
|
| sunset |
sagqs, sm.
|
| super |
ufar, ufar mikil.
|
| superanuated |
fairnitha, sf.
|
| superficially |
(by outer appearances) bi siunai.
|
| superfluity |
ufarassus, sm., ufar-fullei, wf.
|
| superfluity |
ufjo, wf.
|
| superfluous |
(needless) un-nutis.
|
| superintendent |
faura-gagga, faura-gaggja, wm.
|
| superior |
(better) batiza, iusiza; (better, more important) wulthriza; (senior) *siniza; "be superior" mais wulthriza wisan, irreg.; (rate as better than) rahnjan faura +dat.
|
| superscribe |
ufar-meljan, wv. 1.
|
| superscription |
ufar-meli, sn.
|
| supervise |
(oversee, be present) faura-standan, sv. VI.
|
| supervisor |
faur-stasseis, sm.
|
| supper |
nahta-mats, sm. (i-stem).
|
| supple |
(tender, gentle) thlaqus.
|
| supplication |
aihtrons, sf.
|
| supply (n.) |
"supplies, aid, support" and-stald, sn.; "supplies, needs, living expenses" anda-wizns, sf.; (sustenance) waila-wizns, sf.; "food, nourishment" fodeins, us-fodeins, sf.
|
| supply (v.) |
(provide) and-staldan, sv. VII. +acc. "with" +dat.; und-redan, sv. VII. +acc. for thing supplied; •warnjan, wv. 1.
|
| support (n.) |
(prop, support) #stutja, sf.; (pillar) sauls, sf.; (crutch) •krukja, sf.; (aid) and-stald, sn. - "the support/help of the spirit" andstald ahmins.
|
| support (v.) |
#stutjan, wv. 1.; (make/hold fast) ga-fastan, wv. 3.; (hold/lift up, carry) uf-haban, wv. 3.; (help) hilpan, sv. III. +gen., nithan sv. V. +acc.; (help, protect) hleibjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (support, accomplish) •frumjan, wv. 1.
|
| suppose |
(imagine) ahjan, wv. 1.; (expect, think) ga-wenjan, wv. 1. - "him, I suppose" thana gawenja; (believe) munan, pp. - man, munum, munda;"supposing [he meant] physical birth from the womb" tho leikeinon us wambai munands gabaurth.
|
| supposedly |
*ana-mindiba.
|
| supposition |
ana-minds, sf.
|
| supposition |
ana-minds, sf.
|
| supreme |
auhumists, auhmists, frumists, maists; (most senior, eldest, an elder) sinista; "supreme asembly, Sanhedrin" ga-faurds, sf.
|
| sure (adj.) |
*wiss; (firm, solid, good) *theihts; (firm, secure, safe) *thwasts; "to be sure, probably/perhaps" aufto; "know for sure" triggwaba witan, pp. - wait, witum, wissa; "to be sure, indeed, to wit" raihtis, (however, indeed, admittedly) swe-thauh.
|
| surely |
(with certainty) triggwaba; (actually, indeed, to be sure) raihtis; (rhetorical question) "surely...?" thau niu...?; "surely...not?" ibai [thau]... (Introduces negative rhetorical question, direct or indirect); "surely one can't go back in the womb?" ibai mag in wamba aftra galeithan?; "but surely the Messiah won't come from Galilee, will he?" ibai thau us Galeilaia Xristus qimith?
|
| sureness |
(sense of) stoma, wm.; (certainty, truth) astaths, sf.
|
| surety |
(pledge, bond, credit agreement) wadi, sn.
|
| surfeit |
ufarassus, sm., ufar-fullei, wf.; "cause to increase to a surfeit" ufarassjan, wv. 1.
|
| surfeit |
ufjo, wf.
|
| surmise (n.) |
ana-minds, sf.
|
| surmise (v.) |
(imagine) ahjan, wv. 1.; (expect) ga-wenjan, wv. 1.; (believe) munan, pp. - man, munum, munda.
|
| surname (v.) |
(give a surname) ga-satjan namo, wv. 1.
|
| surpass |
(outdo, excel, exceed) ufar-theihan, sv. I.; (be superior) ufar-wisan, irreg.; (grow up higher than something else) ufar-steigan, sv. I. (not recorded with object).
|
| surpass |
ufar-teihan, sv. I.
|
| surplus |
ufarassus, sm., ufar-fullei, wf.; "cause to increase to a surplus" ufarassjan, wv. 1.
|
| surprise (n.) |
(shock) us-filmei, wf.; (wonder) *silda-leikeins, sf.
|
| surprise (v.) |
(startle, shock, disturb) us-gaisjan, us-agjan, wv. 1.; (take by surprise, ambush) bi-qiman, sv. IV.; "to be surprised" (marvel) silda-leikjan, wv. 1.; (be astonished) af-slauthnan, wv. 4., bi-abrjan, wv. 1., us-geisnan, wv. 4. - "at" ana +dat.; "it's hardly surprising if..." nist silda-leik, nist mikil jabai...
|
| surprised |
us-films; "to be surprised" (marvel) silda-leikjan, wv. 1.; (be surprised, stunned, astonished, shaken) af-slauthnan, wv. 4., us-geisnan, wv. 4., bi-abrjan, wv. 1.
|
| surrender |
(to hand over, turn in, give someone up) af-giban, sv. V. (But note the idiom: "depart" af-giban sik).
|
| surrepticiously |
thiubjo.
|
| surround |
bi-satjan, wv. 1., bi-hwairban, bi-rinnan, sv. III., bi-standan, sv. VI.; (be around/nearby) bi-sitan, sv. V.; (wrap up, envelope) bi-waibjan, wv. 1.; (surround with trenches/ramparts) bi-graban, sv. VI.
|
| surrounding (adj.) |
bi-sunjane, bi-sitands; (surrounding countryside) thata bi-sunjane land.
|
| surveillance |
(observation, close watch) witains, sf.; (scouting visit, spying mission) niuhseins, sf.
|
| survive |
"one survives, is saved, escapes destruction" ainamma bairgada (impersonal passive of bairgan, sv. III. +dat., cf. ON e-m er borgit).
|
| suspect (v.) |
(imagine, assume) ahjan, wv. 1.
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| suspend |
(repeal, abolish) blauthjan, wv. 1.; (bring to a stop) •stadjan, wv. 1.; (hamper, delay, hold up) latjan, ga-latjan, ana-latjan, wv. 1.; (hang) hahan, sv. VII.
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| suspicion |
(doubt) tweifls, sm., tweifleins, sf.; (surmise) ana-minds, sf.
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| suspicious |
(doubting, reluctant) *tuz-wers; (giving cause for doubt/suspicion) *tweifls; "be suspicious, doubtful, reluctant" tuz-werjan, wv. 1.; "cause suspicion/doubt" tweifljan, wv. 1.
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| sustain |
(keep up [a practise], stick to) haftjan, wv. 1. +dat.; (bear, endure, cope with) fra-bairan, sv. IV.; "persevere, sustain effort to the end of task" us-aiwjan, wv. 1.
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| sustenance |
waila-wizns, sf.; (necessities, supplies, living expenses) anda-wizns, sf.
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| swaddle |
bi-windan, sv. III.
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| swallow up |
fra-slindan, sv. III.
|
| swamp (n.) |
(marsh, lake) saiws, sm. (i-stem); (mire, muck) *sauljo, wf.; (mud) fani, sn.; (water-meadow, island) #auja, sf.
|
| swamp (v.) |
(engulf, make sink) sagqjan, uf-sagqjan, wv. 1.
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| swan |
#swans, sm.
|
| swap (v.) |
(change, alter, transform) in-maidjan, wv. 1.
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| swathe |
bi-windan, sv. III.
|
| sway |
(INTR.) (sway, swing) *swiggwan, sv. III.; (TRANS.) (shake, sway) af-swaggwjan, wv. 1.
|
| swear |
swaran, sv. VI.; "by" +dat.; "to" withra +acc.
|
| swearing (rude words) |
aglaiti-waurdei, wf.
|
| Sweaves |
(Suebi) #Swebos, pl.
|
| Swedes |
#Sweos, pl.
|
| sweep (v.) |
*baugjan, wv. 1., *sweipan, sv. I.; "sweep out" us-baugjan, wv. 1.
|
| sweet |
wotheis; (gentle, mild) •lintheis; "sweet spices" (as perfume) aromata.
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| sweetheart |
*hultha, wm., *hultho, wf.
|
| swell |
uf-swalljan, wv. 1., *swillan, sv. III., •bilgan, sv. III.
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| swelling (n.) |
(lump) %kusma, sm.; (act/process of swelling up, becoming swollen with pride) uf-swalleins, sf.
|
| swift |
(ADJ.) (speedy) •adrs, •snills, *sniumeis; (quick, ready) #arws; (ADV.) (quickly) sniumundo; (promptly, soon) sprauto; (quick as a flash, suddenly) anaks; (soon, immediately) suns.
|
| swifter |
sniumundos.
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| swiftly |
(fast) sniumundo; (soon) sprauto; "more swiftly" sniumindos.
|
| swig (v.) |
•supan, sv. II.
|
| swim |
*swimman, sv. III.
|
| swine |
swein, sn.
|
| swing (v.) |
(TRANS.) •brugdjan, wv. 1.; (INTR.) (sway, swing) *swiggwan, sv. III.
|
| swinish |
*sweins.
|
| swirl (v.) |
(TRANS. toss, whirl round) us-walugjan, wv. 1.
|
| swish (v.) |
*swogan, *hruskan, wv. 3.
|
| sword |
hairus, sm.; (long-sword) *mekeis, sm. (acc. meki occurs); (edge, blade) #agja, sf.; (short sword, cleaver, machete, single-edged sword) #sahs, sm. (gen. #sahsis), #skrama, sf.; (Roman long-sword, spatha) #spada, sf.
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| swordsman |
#spadiggs, sm.
|
| symbolise |
bandwjan, wv. 1.
|
| sympathise |
(feel pity) in-feinan, wv. 4.
|
| sympathy |
(pity) bleithei, wf.; ga-bleitheins, sf.
|
| synagogue |
synogoge, f.; (assembly) ga-qumths, ga-mainths, sf.
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| Syrian |
Saur, sm. (i-stem); Saurini, sf.
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| Syria |
Saurja, sf.
|